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دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان ، mohadesehsaid2014@uk.ac.ir
چکیده:   (727 مشاهده)
چکیده مبسوط
مقدمه: رشد و نمو و در نهایت تولید محصول در گیاهان تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی متعدد قرار می‌گیرند. خشکی و شوری عمده تنش‌های محیطی هستند که بر تمامی مراحل جوانه‌زنی، رشد گیاه، ساختار اندام و فعالیت آن‌ها آثار جبران ناپذیر برجا می‌گذارد. مرحله جوانه‌زنی و استقرار گیاهچه حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به تنش‌های اسمزی و شوری دارند، در نتیجه ارزیابی شاخص¬های جوانه‌زنی تحت شرایط تنش به منظور کشت گیاه در محیط¬های خشک و شور اهمیت دارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تأثیر غلظت­های مختلف تنش­ اسمزی و شوری بر جوانه­زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه کاملینا (Camelina sativa)، دو آزمایش بصورت جداگانه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال 1402 اجرا شد. در آزمایش نخست برای ایجاد پتانسیل اسمزی از محلول پلی اتیلن گلایکول (PEG6000) با غلظت­های 2/0-، 4/0- و 6/0- مگاپاسکال و در آزمایش دوم از NaCl با غلظت­های 50، 100 و 150 میلی­مولار استفاده گردید. همچنین از آب مقطر برای ایجاد سطح تنش صفر (شاهد) در هر دو آزمایش استفاده گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تنش ملایم اسمزی (MPa 2/0-) و شوری (mM 50) اثر نامطلوب معنی­دار بر استقرار گیاهچه نداشت، ولی افزایش شدت تنش­های اسمزی و شوری، درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه، وزن خشک گیاهچه،  طول ریشه­چه، وزن خشک ریشه­چه، طول ساقه­چه و وزن خشک ساقه­چه را بطور معنی داری کاهش داد. بطوری­که تنش خشکی 6/0- مگاپاسکال، طول و وزن خشک ریشه­چه و طول و وزن خشک ساقه­چه را به ترتیب حدود 4/40، 4/57، 2/49 و 3/53 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. بالاترین سطح تنش شوری (150 میلی­مولار) موجب کاهش 8/37، 8/56، 3/45 و 4/55 درصد به ترتیب در طول و وزن خشک ریشه­چه و طول و وزن خشک ساقه­چه در مقایسه با شاهد گردید. افزایش محتوی مالون دی آلدهید، کربوهیدرات­های محلول و میزان آمینو اسیدهای آزاد در تنش متوسط (MPa 4/0-)  و شدید (MPa 6/0-)  اسمزی و تنش شوری 100 و 150 میلی مولار مشاهده گردید.
 نتیجه‌گیری: از آنجا که کاملینا گیاه جدیدی در ایران است، ارزیابی پاسخ این گیاه به سطوح مختلف تنش اسمزی و شوری در مرحله جوانه­زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه، امکان کشت و توسعه آن را در اراضی دیم مناطق مختلف کشور فراهم می­سازد. بنظر می­رسد که تنش ملایم خشکی (MPa 2/0-) و شوری (mM 50) تأثیر نامطلوب معنی­داری روی شاخص­های جوانه­زنی کاملینا نداشت ولی چنانچه سطح تنش از حد تحمل گیاه بالاتر رود منجر به کاهش مولفه­های جوانه­زنی گردید. البته توصیه کشت این گونه گیاهی نیازمند مطالعه پایداری، سازگاری و خصوصیات زراعی-اکولوژیکی آن می­باشد.

جنبه‌های نوآوری:
  1. کشت و ترویج کاملینا، ابتدا مستلزم تحقیقات بنیادی در خصوص بررسی کلیه مولفه­های جوانه­زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه تحت شرایط تنش­های خشکی و شوری می­باشد.
  2. آستانه تحمل گیاهچه کاملینا نسبت به پتانسیل­های آبی مختلف و تنش شوری بررسی گردید.
  3. حساسیت مولفه­های جوانی­زنی به تنش شوری بیشتر از تنش اسمزی بود.
شماره‌ی مقاله: 2
     
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: فیزیولوژی بذر
دریافت: 1402/10/27 | ویرایش نهایی: 1403/5/16 | پذیرش: 1403/4/20

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