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دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی ، t.saadat2020@gmail.com
چکیده:   (175 مشاهده)
چکیده مبسوط
مقدمه: شوری مهمترین تنش محیطی است که با تأثیر بر ریخت‌شناسی، فیزیولوژی و مشخصات بیوشیمیایی گیاهان به ویژه در مناطق نیمه خشک و خشک، بهره وری گیاه را محدود می‌کند. شوری با به تاخیر انداختن جوانه‌زنی بذر و کاهش سرعت جوانه‌زنی، رشد گیاهچه را مختل می‌کند و در نهایت رشد بهینه گیاهچه را به تاخیر می‌اندازد. پرایمینگ بذر به عنوان یک روش سریع، آسان و موثر برای بهبود جوانه‌زنی، ویژگی‌های رشد گیاهچه و دفاع کلی گیاه در برابر تنش‌های غیرزیستی در بسیاری از محصولات زراعی برجسته است. پرایمینگ به عنوان تیمار بذر قبل از کاشت تعریف می‌شود که در آن بذرها به طور کامل در آب یا انواع محلول‌های شیمیایی غوطه‌ور می‌شوند و تا زمان استفاده بعدی خشک می‌شوند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر پرایمینگ با سدیم نیتروپروساید بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و صفات بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه برنج  تحت تنش شوری اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تکرار در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1402 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح شوری (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم) و سه سطح سدیم نیتروپروساید (صفر، 40 و 80 میکرومولار) بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که شوری شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد شامل میانگین جوانه‌زنی روزانه، ضریب جوانه‌زنی، ضریب آلومتری، طول ریشه‌چه، طول ساقه‌چه و گیاهچه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه را کاهش داد، ولی پرایمینگ بذر با سطوح مختلف سدیم نیتروپروساید به‌ویژه سطح 80 میکرومولار این صفات را بهبود بخشید. شوری درصد رطوبت گیاهچه را کاهش داد، به‌طوری‌ بیش‌ترین درصد رطوبت گیاهچه (13/70 درصد) در شاهد بود. بیش‌ترین سرعت جوانه‌زنی روزانه و محتوای مالون دی‌آلدئید در شوری 150 میلی‌مولار مشاهده گردید. پرایمینگ سرعت جوانه‌زنی روزانه و مقدار مالون دی‌آلدئید را کاهش داد، به‌طوری که کم‌ترین سرعت جوانه‌زنی روزانه (08/0) و محتوای مالون دی‌آلدئید (159/0 میلی‌مول بر گرم وزن تر) در پرایمینگ با سدیم نیتروپروساید 80 میکرومولار حاصل شد. همچنین، شوری فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز را  نیز کاهش داد. به‌طوری‌که، کم‌ترین فعالیت آلفا آمیلاز (93/7 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر بذر) در شاهد (آب مقطر) و شوری 150 میلی‌مولار به‌دست آمد.
 نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که تیمار بذر با سدیم نیتروپروساید80 میکرومولار مؤثرترین روش برای بهبود جوانه‌زنی و صفات بیوشیمیایی بذر برنج تحت تنش شوری محسوب می‌شود و می‌تواند اثرات مضر شوری بر برخی صفات در گیاهچه برنج را کاهش داده و رشد گیاهچه را بهبود بخشد.

جنبه‌های نوآوری:
  1. پرایمینگ بذر با استفاده از سدیم نیتروپروساید سبب بهبود شاخص‌های جوانهزنی بذر برنج تحت شرایط شوری گردید.
  2. پرایمینگ با سدیم نیتروپروساید محتوای مالون دی‌آلدئید را کاهش و فعالیت ‌آلفا آمیلاز را افزایش داد.
  3. غلظت 80 میکرمولار سدیم نیتروپروساید تاثیر بهتری بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و صفات بیوشیمیایی نشان داد.

شماره‌ی مقاله: 10
     
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: سایر موضوعات
دریافت: 1402/10/27 | ویرایش نهایی: 1403/9/3 | پذیرش: 1403/1/26

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