Showing 8 results for Wilt
Eisa Nazerian, Seyed Saeid Modares Najaf Abadi , Mekameh Mahdavi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Fusarium yellows causing yellow, brown and wilted leaves. The gladiola bulbs rot and reduce quantity, quality and marketability of flowers. Four Fusarium species, especially F. oxysporum. f.sp. gladioli cause this disease. These fungi can survive as microconidia, macroconidia, clamydospore and mycelium, in the soil. Bulb discoloration is the most common symptom of the disease. In storage, the diseased corms get softened, mummified and wrinkled. Many researches have been carried on to investigate the methods of disease control, but all were unsuccessful so far. Disease management is based on resistant varieties, chemicals, cultural and biological measures. However, a combination of several methods provides a better opportunity to manage this disease.
Cobra Moslemkhani, Javad Mozafari,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2-2016)
Abstract
Moslemkhani K. & Mozafari J. 2016. Management of bacterial wilt disease of potato by health assay of seed tubers. Plant Pathology Science 5(1): 62-75.
Ralstonia solanacearum is an important phytopathogen which reduces quantity and quality of potato. Due to its wide distribution and broad host range and in soil of different regions through irrigation water or latent infected tubers. It is generally difficult to control the damage of this bacterium. It has widely distributed in most of potato growing regions of Iran and by causing wilt and brown rot disease of potato, is a serious treat for cultivation of this crop in the country. Providing and sowing the healthy and certificated seed tubers is the most effective method of controlling the disease. For a successful strategy of disease management, a clear understanding of mode of disease distribution and epidemiology of causal agent is necessary. In this paper, recent scientific findings on this disease are described and new methods of bacterium detection and health assay of seed tubers are introduced.
Marzieh Mehrabioun Mohammadi, Narges Ahmadi, Mahdi Arzanlou,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Mehrabioun Mohammadi M, Ahmadi N, Arzanlou M (2020) Dutch elm disease. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):91-100. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.91.
Elm trees are one of the most important ornamental trees and are widely used in the design of urban green spaces. Dutch elm disease is recognized as one of the most important elm diseases in the world. The disease has become an epidemic worldwide and at least three species of Ophiostoma including O. ulmi, O. novo-ulmi and O. Himal-ulmi that differ in geographical distribution and invasion power, are involved in this disease. In Iran, O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi are known to involve in this disease, with O. novo-ulmi being more virulent. Management of the disease is mainly achieved through preventive and quarantine methods, health measures, resistant cultivars and the use of chemical compounds. Various aspects of the disease, including disease symptoms and signs, pathogen biology and ecology, disease management methods are reviewed in this paper.
Nafiseh Hesami, Mostafa Darvishnia, Eidi Bazgir,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Hesami N, Darvishnia M, Bazgir E (2021) Reaction of nine bean cultivars to two
Fusarium species. Plant Pathology Science 10(2):93-104.
Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.2.93.
Introduction: Two soil-borne fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, are the causes of important diseases of beans wilting and root rot. The best way to manage these diseases is to identify and cultivate resistant cultivars. This study was conducted to identify the reaction of nine Iranian beans cultivars to these two pathogenic fungi. Materials and Methods: Bean-diseased plants were collected from farms in Aligudarz city in Lorestan province, in western Iran, and F. oxysporum and F. solani were isolated from them in the laboratory. At first the pathogenesis of these fungi was investigated on a local cultivar. Then, the reaction of nine bean cultivars to them was determined in a completely randomized design experiment in the greenhouse. Results: Reaction of cultivars to F. oxysporum and F. solani respectively were, Dadfar red-bean with disease severity of 28.8 and 26.6%, Sayad red-bean with 33.3 and 28.8%, Koosha pinto-bean with 35.5 and 33.3%, White 247 with 40 and 37.8%, Pak white-bean with 46.6 and 46.7% and pinto-bean 492 with 48.8 and 46.7% respectively, were grouped as semi-sensitive. Saleh pinto-bean with a disease severity of 64.4 and 62.2%, Yaghot red-bean with 77.7 and 80% and Almas white with 82.2 and 86.7% respectively, were determined as sensitive. Pearson correlation analysis also showed that there was a significant negative correlation between root length, fresh and dry weight of root with diseases severity. Conclusion: Six cultivars of Iranian beans vs Dadfar, Sayad, Koosha, White247, Pak and 492 are semi-sensitive to these diseases.
Mohammad Rezvanjoo, Mehdi Sadravi, Alireza Khoshroo,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Rezvanjoo M, Sadravi M, Khoshroo A (2021) Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on Fusarium wilt in three tomato cultivars. Plant Pathology Science 10(2):74-81. Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.2.74.
Introduction: Wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is one of the most common and harmful diseases in most tomato growing areas. The disease damage is reported up to 27% of the yield in Iran. Biological control of the disease is an effective, environmentally friendly, and consumer health management method. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reduce many soil-borne diseases has been demonstrated, so this study was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on disease severity in three tomato cultivars. Materials and Methods: The commercial inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus geosprum was obtained from the market. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized statistical design with four replicates for each treatment. Inoculum of G. geosprum was added to sterile soil in pots and then seeds of Super-Strain, Chef, and Super-Falat tomato cultivars were sown. Seedling roots were inoculated at the three to the six-leaf stage with a spore suspension of a hypervirulent isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Data on the severity of the disease, stem height, root length were collected after the appearance of wilting symptoms and analyzed with the SPSS 20 software and the means values were compared. Results: The severity of the disease was significantly reduced in all cultivars treated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, and the stem height and root length were higher than those with no mycorrhizal fungus. Conclusion: The ability of G. geosporum, to reduce the severity of Fusarium wilt disease and increase the growth of tomato plants is reported for the first time.
Hamid Sadeghi Garmaroodi, Seyed Yaghob Seyed Masoumi, Ashraf Nankali,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Sadeghi Garmaroodi H, Seyed Masoumi SY, Nankali A (2022) The reaction of thirteen peach and nectarine cultivars to Verticillium wilt. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):60-73. Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.60.
Introduction: Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most important soil-borne diseases of stone-fruit trees. Materials and Methods: Samples showing evidence of Verticillium wilt were collected from stone fruit orchards in the suburbs of Shahroud and Damavand and four isolates of V. dahliae were obtained. The fungal inoculum was prepared on sterile wheat grains and the response of 13 peach and nectarine cultivars propagated by grafting on GF305 (almond-peach hybrid) rootstock was inoculated with it in the canopy area in the garden in early spring. Sixteen weeks after inoculation, disease severity was recorded on a three-point scale. Results: All peach and nectarine cultivars were classified as very susceptible, susceptible, or semi-susceptible and none of them showed resistance. The Nectarine Independence cultivar was highly susceptible to disease, while the peach cultivar had the lowest disease severity index and was therefore classified as semi-susceptible. Conclusion: Among these cultivars, the Romestar peach cultivar is less susceptible to the disease.
Azadeh Goudarzi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Goudarzi, A. (2023). Fusarium wilt disease of date palm. Plant Pathology Science, 12(1), 64-73.
Abstract
Fusarium wilt disease is known as one of the most destructive and fatal diseases of date trees in many date-producing areas of the world, especially date-producing countries in Africa. Currently, a significant portion of date orchards in Morocco and the western and central Sahara of Algeria are affected by Fusarium wilt disease. The economic losses caused by Fusarium wilt disease of dates, especially in the incidence of severe epidemics, are significant. Over the past century, the disease has killed more than 12 million palm trees in Morocco and about three million palm trees in Algeria. Fusarium oxysporum (Schltdl.) f. sp. albedinis, a soil-borne vascular pathogen, is known to cause Fusarium wilt disease of dates. The economic losses caused by this disease are very significant, especially in the incidence of severe epidemics, and in some areas, the Fusarium wilt epidemic has destroyed more than 70% of the date fruits. Integrated disease management strategies include the use of resistant or tolerant cultivars, prevention of introduction of the disease causal agent into disease-free areas, eradication of the disease, biological control and chemical control. This disease has not been reported from date-producing areas of Iran, although similar symptoms to Fusarium wilt have been observed in some date orchards of Hormozgan province.
Leila Rasouli , Mehdi Sadravi , Kavoos Keshavarz ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Rasouli, L., Sadravi, M., & Keshavarz, K. (2023). Screening eight tomato varieties for resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. Plant Pathology Science, 12(1), 46-52.
Introduction: Fusarium wilt caused by soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the most important diseases of tomatoes in the world. Identification and cultivation of resistant varieties is an environmentally friendly method of disease management that leads to the production of a chemical-free and clean yield. This research was conducted to evaluate the reactions of eight tomato varieties to the disease and their correlation with peroxidase enzyme. Materials and Methods: Wilted tomato plants were sampled in the greenhouses of southwestern Iran and after isolation and purification and studying the morphological characteristics, two Fol isolates were identified. The reactions of eight varieties vs. Kingston, Dafnis, Super chef, Karnak, CHpooya, Earlypooya, Superpooya, and CH to these two isolates were investigated in a factorial experiment with a completely randomized statistical design with four replications for each treatment under greenhouse conditions. The disease severity index and the vegetative and reproductive indices of the plant were determined. The level of peroxidase enzyme in the leaves of plants of each treatment was measured by spectrophotometric method at 470 nm wavelength and its correlation coefficient was determined with the disease severity index. Results: Analysis of the variance of these experimental data revealed a significant difference between Fol isolates in pathogenicity and interaction between Fol isolates and varieties. Fol2 isolate was more aggressive than Fol1 and CH was moderately susceptible, and Earlypooya, Karnak, Superpooya, Dafnis, CHpooya, were moderately resistant, while Kingston and Super chef were completely resistant to this hyper-virulent isolate of the pathogen and disease. The peroxidase level had negatively correlated with the disease severity index. Conclusion: Among these varieties, Kingstone and Super chef are resistant to the disease. Peroxidase levels can be used as a resistance marker to assess how different tomato varieties react to the disease.
