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Correlation between arbuscular mycorrhiza in wheat and physicochemical characteristics of soil
Farzaneh Talaei, Mehdi Sadravi, Ebrahim Adhami,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Talaei F, Sadravi M, Adhami E (2022) Correlation between arbuscular mycorrhiza in wheat and physicochemical characteristics of soil. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):32-41.   Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.32
 
Introduction: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in symbiosis with plant roots help to absorb more phosphorus, and increase the growth and development of plants. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between population and diversity of AMF, and physicochemical characteristics of soil in wheat fields of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in southwestern Iran. Materials and Methods: Thirty wheat fields in this province, were visited near harvest time, and their rhizosphere and aerial organs were sampled. AMF spores were isolated by sieving the rhizosphere suspension in water and centrifuging in Sucrose solution. The spore population of these fungi was count. The percentage of root length colonization by these fungi was calculated in every sample. The morphological characteristics of the isolated spores were studied and the collected information was compared with the descriptions of AMF and the fungi present in each sample were identified. Texture, soil dispersion, soil and plant phosphorus content were determined and the correlation coefficient between AMF population and diversity with physical and chemical characteristics of soil and wheat plant were calculated. Results: Fifteen arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to nine genera: Acaulospora, Archaeospora, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Claroideumglomus, Funeliformis, Rhizoglomus, Septoglomus and Scutellospora were identified. The diversity of these fungi in the samples was (2-)2.9(-5) and F. mosseae was dominant species with 90% relative frequency. The population of these fungi had a negative correlation with soil pH, but with soil soluble phosphorus and plant phosphorus content had a positive correlation. The diversity of these fungi had a positive correlation with soil soluble phosphorus. There was a positive correlation between the amount of sand in the soil and the root length colonization. Conclusion: AMF have a greater population and diversity in soils with light texture, less moisture along with low amounts of soluble phosphorus and organic matter. The positive correlation between the population of these fungi and plant phosphorus indicates their usefulness for the plant.

 
The impact of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici
Safar Nikmaram, Mehdi Sadravi, Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehee,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Nikmaram, S., Sadravi, M., & Ghaderi Zefrehee, M. (2024). The impact of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Plant Pathology Science, 13(1), 104-112.
 
Take-all caused by soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is one of the most important diseases of wheat in the world, reported to cause up to 50% yield losses. The disease has also been reported from different areas of wheat cultivation in Iran. Biological control is a healthy and environment-friendly method for managing plant diseases, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play an important role in this field. This research was conducted to determine the effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the severity of this disease. The pathogen was isolated from diseased wheat plants in Kigiluyeh and Boyar-Ahmad Province, southwestern Iran. The effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and Blaszkowskia deserticola alone, and in combination on the disease severity and growth indices of wheat was tested under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design. All treatments of mycorrhizal fungi reduced disease severity and increased growth indices compared to control plants, but F. mosseae was more effective than others. Therefor
F. mosseae can be used to reduce the severity of the disease and improve the growth indices of wheat.

 
The impact of four commercial biological products on Rhizoctonia root rot disease in bean
Mohammad Ali Hooshyar, Mehdi Sadravi, Rasool Rezaee ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is an important disease of beans, which has been reported from different parts of Iran. The disease has been reported to cause damage to up to 60% of the crop worldwide. Biological control can be a healthy and environmentally friendly method for managing plant diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of four commercial biological products available in the Iranian market on growth indices and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in beans to find a suitable method for biological control of the disease. The effect of three biological products of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi including Funeliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus intraradices and Mycopersica (a mixture of several mycorrhizal fungi) and the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum on growth indices and severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in Kosha pinto-bean cultivar was tested under greenhouse conditions. Statistical analysis of the data from this experiment showed that these treatments had a significant effect on reducing disease severity and plant growth indices, and among them, F. mosseae and Mycopersica caused the greatest reduction in disease severity and improved plant growth indices, respectively. Therefore, the biological product of F. mosseae and Mycopersica can be used to reduce the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot disease in beans and improve its growth indices.

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