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Showing 5 results for Fungicide
Applicationfungal like Pythiumoligandrum as a biofungicide
Zahra Irsoleimaniand, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
The importance of plant protection in modern agriculture increases as crop yields and concerns about production quality rise. Plant protection should be sufficiently effective, affordable and considerate of the environment. The integration of biological and chemical control has a potential for success because of a possible synergistic effects. It is necessary to look for organisms suitable for use in biological control, and in order to study the mechanisms of their action and the optimal conditions for incorporating such agents in plant protection and integrated management systems. One of such microorganisms is PythiumoligandrumDrechslerthatbelongs to the phylumOomycetes. This soil-resident saprophytic microorganism can be parasitic and hyperparasitic on many fungi within the same or other classes. The antagonistic activity of P. oligandrumis a multifaceted process which depends on the target species involved. P. oligandrumis nonpathogenic on 12 species of crops that belong to six families. It occurs on the root surface together with plant pathogenic fungi, predominantly in the regions of hypocotyl – taproot without penetrating the plant tissues. The plant growth is reportedly stimulated by this species. P. oligandrum can be utilized for biological control on a wide spectrum of crop plants. Different methods of application have been developed. The most effective activity of this microorganism is the mycelial growth inhibition of the plant pathogenic fungi.
Molecular Detection of Fungicides Resistance in Phytopathogenic Fungi
Mohaddeseh Zal, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Development of human civilization is closely associated with agricultural crops. The major threat to crops posed by fungal diseases results in the use by growers of enormous amounts of chemicals. Fungicides are compounds, which are toxic to fungi. These materials have been applied for a long time to reduce losses and increase the quality and yield of the agricultural products. Today in addition to improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products and protecting plants by fungicides, the fungicide resistance problem must also be considered. The appearance of resistance has an important factor in limiting the efficacy and useful lifetime of fungicides. In general, systemic fungicides have been associated with resistance problems to a much greater extent than have non-systemic (protectant) fungicides. However, there are some exceptions. This paper discusses the resistance mechanisms to fungicides of some phytopathogenic fungi (e.g. altered target site, reduced uptake of fungicide, removal, detoxification or metabolism of fungicide) at the molecular level and describes methods used in the molecular detection of fungal resistance (e.g. RFLP-PCR, and allele specific real-time PCR) to fungicides.
Sulfur Role in Plant Diseases Management
Kamran Ghasemi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract

Ghasemi K. 2018. Sulfur role in plant diseases management. Plant Pathology Science 7(1):63-72.

Sulfur (S), as a promoter of plant defense system and fungicidal effect, can have a critical role in organic farming. Presence of sulfuric defense compounds including elemental sulfur, H2S, glutathione, اسیدیتهytochelatins, secondary metabolites and S-rich proteins are vital under stress conditions. As a soil disinfectant, carbon disulfide is widely used against soil-borne pathogens. This is used for controlling the root and crown rot disease caused by Armillaria. Sulfur fumigation is used against powdery mildew in greenhouse production. Fumigation and application of sulfur pad are methods for controlling the grape and some other fruits rot in storage. Besides, sulfur is effective in control of mites, psyllids, and thrips.


Blight Disease of Chickpea
Seyed Hossein Vafaei,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Vafaei S H (2019) Blight disease of chickpea. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):45-57. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.8.2.45
Blight disease caused by Mycosphaerella rabiei is the major constraint for chickpea production worldwide. Pathogenicity of pathogen and the analysis of its genetic diversity in pathogen population are necessary for management of the disease. Different strategies such as seed treatment, application of resistant cultivars, adjustment sowing date and integration of resistant genotype with post-infection application of fungicides have been recommended to reduce the losses caused by the disease. The use of resistant cultivars is the best management strategy to minimize yield losses due to blight. But because of the considerable variation in pathogenicity of the fungal population and partial resistance in germplasm of chickpea the effectiveness of resistant cultivars is limited. Different aspects of the biology, pathogenic and genetic diversity, resistance inheritance and the management options are discussed in this paper.

The effect of the mixtures of carbendazim, iprodione and tebuconazole on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Samaneh Bahlooli, Masoud Abrinbana, Youbert Ghosta,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Bahlooli S, Abrinbana M, Ghosta Y (2021) The effect of the mixtures of carbendazim, iprodione and tebuconazole on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Pathology Science 10(2):40-49.  Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.2.40.
Introduction: Soil-borne fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum or white mold is the cause of the destructive disease of root and stem rot of many plants. Chemical control due to the lack of highly resistant cultivars is the most important method in the pathogen management program in various plants. However, the repeated use of fungicides leads to the development of resistant strains in pathogen populations. The use of fungicides with different modes of action, especially those with a synergistic effect, is one the most important anti-resistance methods. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effect of different mixing ratios in pairs of carbendazim, iprodione, and tebuconazole fungicides and their possible synergistic activity on four S. sclerotiorum isolates were investigated in vitro conditions. For this purpose, the isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar, containing different concentrations of fungicides mixtures, and EC50 values and the synergy factors were then determined for different mixtures ratios. Results: Tebuconazole: carbendazim mixture in 1:7 ratio, with a synergistic activity, inhibited all the isolates growth, and carbendazim: iprodione mixture in 1:9 ratio showed a synergistic effect on three isolates. Conclusion: The mixture of tabuconazole: carbendazim in 1:7 ratio had the best synergistic activity, and inhibitory effect on the growth of all the pathogen isolates, so it has the potential to be used in the management program of S. sclerotiorum.

 
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