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The Biosensors and Their Application in Plant Pathology
Mahsa Abadkhah, Davoud Koolivand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Abadkhah M. and Koolivand D. 2018. The biosensors and their application in plant pathology. Plant Pathology Science 7(2):47-59. DOI:10.2982/PPS.7.2.47
 
 Preventing plant disease damage requires the use of new, powerful, simple and portable tools to quickly diagnose pathogens. Today, biosensor technology  known as a powerful tool for evaluating conventional methods in agricultural sciences. Sensitivity, selectivity and portability of biosensors made it possible to develop them as special tools for rapid analysis of compounds in samples with low concentration. Biosensors have three main components, biological element, transducer and readout system. The most important application of biosensors in plant pathology is rapid detection of plant pathogens, in order to reduce the use of expensive and environmentally-damaging chemicals. This article introduces different types of biosensors and their applications in plant pathology.

The reaction of four pumpkin varieties to cucumber mosaic virus by analyzing the expression of PAL and PR2 genes
Mahsa Jahandideh, Sevil Nematollahi, Farshad Rakhshandehroo,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Jahandideh M, Nematollahi S, Rakhshandehroo F (2023) The reaction of four pumpkin varieties to cucumber mosaic virus by analyzing the expression of PAL and PR2 genes. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):11- 26.  
Introduction: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogenic cucurbit viruses. Identifying and growing resistant or tolerant varieties is the best method for disease control. The present study was conducted to investigate the response of four pumpkin varieties to CMV by assessing the expression of genes involved in resistance (PAL, PR2). Materials and Methods: Forty samples of pumpkin leaves with suspected disease were collected from the farms in northwestern Iran and analyzed using the TAS-ELISA test. To study the response of the four pumpkin varieties Asma, Pars, Prof and PS grown in this region, a CMV isolate was inoculated into the plants in a greenhouse experiment after its biological purification. TAS-ELISA and semi-quantitative (Sq) RT-PCR tests were used to examine the virus concentration in pumpkin varieties. The disease severity index was evaluated 30 days after inoculation. The expression level of PAL and PR2 genes was also checked by quantitative real-time PCR technique. Results: Of the 40 samples, 16 samples were infected with CMV. The study of virus titer revealed that the virus concentration and disease severity index were higher in Pars and Proof varieties than in PS and Asma varieties. The expression of PAL and PR2 genes was increased in all varieties compared to control but was higher in PS cultivar followed by Asma. Conclusion: PS and Asma varieties have higher CMV tolerance and their wider cultivation is recommended for disease control.

 
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