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Biofilm Formation in Probiotic Bacterium Bacillus subtilis
Maryam Khezri,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract

Khezri  M. 2016. Biofilm  formation  in  probiotic  bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Plant  Pathology  Science 5(2):52-62.

Most bacteria have a common ability to form communities known as biofilm. They are varied in structure and function, but have some similarities in general properties. The main compounds of biofilms are extracellular polysaccharides. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis is a gram-positive, rod-shape, endospore-forming and soil inhabiting bacterium that has many agricultural use, such as plant growth promoting activity and biocontrol potential against many of phytopathogens. Biofilm formation is an important microbial survival strategy that enables microorganisms to stay together for long time. Biofilm can protect the bacteria against unfavorable conditions, like antibiotics, chemical pesticides and biocide components. Capability of biofilm formation in probiotic B. subtilis plays significant role in root colonization and biological control of plant pathogens.


The role of fungal volatile organic compounds in plant disease management
Maryam Mirtalebi, Donya Abshang,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Abshang, A., & Mirtalebi, M. (2024). The role of fungal volatile organic compounds in plant disease management. Plant Pathology Science, 13(1), 65-74.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based organic chemicals derived from primary or secondary metabolism which are released as gases from different solids and liquids. Many intra- and inter-kingdom ecological interactions between living organisms take place through VOCs. The volatile organic compounds released by pathogenic fungi have a negative effect on the growth of plants. The release of volatiles by these fungi in the soil inhibits growth and results in a decrease in shoot length, root surface area, and plant biomass. In addition to negatively impacting plant development, these compounds generated by pathogenic fungi can also serve as growth regulators, modifying plant architecture and stimulating growth. The promotion of plant growth can, consequently, be beneficial for pathogens by offering a larger habitat for surface colonization and increasing their survival.
These compounds also increase the biosynthesis of strigolactones and root growth in interaction with fungi, facilitating the identification of mycorrhizal fungi for the roots, increasing the colonization of fungi on the roots. The antibiotic effects of VOCs are involved in the inhibition of many plant pathogens. Some of these fungal compounds have inhibitory activity in the soil and some have insect repellent and nematicidal properties.

Impact of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum on rice blast disease severity
Aboulfazl Yahyavi Azad, Ameneh Hosseinikhah Chooshali, Saleh Masoumi Pahmadani,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (2-2025)
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, is a highly destructive fungal disease that affects rice crops worldwide, annually inflicting significant damage on this crop and leading to a reduction in its yield. Considering that the use of chemical pesticides has become widespread for controlling this disease, and that these chemicals can have destructive effects on the environment, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the potential of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum for the biocontrol of  this disease in the Hashemi rice cultivar. In this study, the effects of T. harzianum and B.subtilis, individually or in combination, were investigated using three methods: seed coating, seedling impregnation, and irrigation. The results showed that for all growth parameters examined, including shoot fresh weight, dry weight and length, root fresh weight, dry weight and length, as well as disease indices such as percentage of leaf surface infection, disease severity and percentage of disease reduction, the use of B. subtilis alone or in combination with T. harzianum as a seed treatment showed the best performance. Therefore, the application of the B. subtilis alone or in combination with T. harzianum, especially when applied by seed coating, has the greatest impact on reducing and controlling rice blast and improving the growth parameters of this crop. Consequently, it can be used by farmers as a practical method for the biocontrol of this disease.

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