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Showing 3 results for SHAHBAZI
Application of Nuclear Technology in Plant Diseases Management
Mohammad Sherafatifar, Habiballah Hamzehzarghani, Samira Shahbazi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Food production and food security is an essential precursor to sustainable development in agriculture. Currently, more than 800 million people, generally in Africa and Asia, suffer from hunger and agriculture is considered as the main source of food for them. One of the application of nuclear technology is reducing the damages of plant pest and diseases. The application of nuclear techniques in plant pathology can be grouped in three categories including disease tracing, mutagenesis induction and radiation of crops to induce resistance and destruction of pathogens. As a new method to induce defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, nowadays, gamma radiation is used to improve the growth in the way to induce the plant resistance to environmental tensions and plant pathogens as well. Use of this potential, especially in management of seed and seedling diseases is very important to reduce a big portion of crop losses caused by plant pathogens in the first weeks of seedling growth.
3-The reaction of 109 rice lines to blast disease
Hadis Shahbazi, Alireza Tarang, Fereidoun Padasht, Maryam Hosseini Chaleshtari, Mehrzad Allahgholipour, Maryam Khoshkdaman, Seyyede Akram Mousavi Qale Roudkhani, Sousan Nazari Tabak, Farzaneh Asadollahi Sharifi, Mahnaz Pourabbas,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract
Shahbazi H, Tarang A, Padasht F, Hosseini Chaleshtari M, Allah-Gholipour M,  Khoshkdaman M, Mousavi Qaleh Roudkhani SA, Nazari Tabak S, Asadollahi Sharifi F, Pourabbas Dolatabad M (2022) The reaction of 109 rice lines to blast disease. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):24-35.  Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.24.
 
Introduction: Blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is the most important fungal disease of rice in the world. The best method of disease management is to identify and cultivate resistant cultivars. Materials and Methods: In this study, the response of 109 promising lines from the Iranian Rice Research Institute along with three control cultivars (susceptible and resistant) to blast disease was evaluated. Seeds of each line were sown in an upland nursery to assess leaf blast in early July. In order to inoculate the desired lines, leaves infected with the blast were collected from different areas of Guilan Province and placed on the surface of the rice blast nursery. In all stages, the necessary humidity to cause disease was provided by sprinkler irrigation. The severity of the disease was rated from zero to nine using the standard method of the International Rice Research Institute. Seedlings were grown in large pots in the greenhouse and inoculated by injection into the panicle neck to assess panicle burst. Results: Seven and 14 lines with grades 2 and 3 showed resistance to leaf blast. Other lines ranged from relatively susceptible to very susceptible to the disease. Three lines TH1, TH2, and TH3 with a degree of contamination of 5 were susceptible to panicle blast disease. Conclusion: Twenty-one known blast-resistant lines can be used in the rice cultivars breeding program.

Epidemiology and management methods of rice sheath blight disease
Hadis Shahbazi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2024)
Abstract
Shahbazi  , H. (2024). Epidemiology and management methods of rice sheath blight disease. Plant Pathology Science, 13(1),42-54.

 
Sheath blight (ShB) caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world, which is also common in some areas of rice cultivation in Iran. The pathogen usually overwinters as sclerotia in soil and plant debries and mycelium in plant debris and seeds. Sclerotia can survive inactive in soil, and rice debris for several years. After transplanting susceptible rice cultivars, the sclerotia germinate, produce mycelium, and infect the lower sheaths of the rice plant. The characteristic symptoms of ShB are green-gray water-soaked lesions, spherical to oval, or irregularly discolored on rice sheath. The lesions are connected, and the center of the lesions becomes gray to light brown with a dark brown-to-red border, by passing time. Factors such as the rice variety, plant density, and growth stage, initial inoculum population of the pathogen, environmental conditions, and plant nutrition affect the disease severity and epidemic. The disease management is difficult, because of the wide host range of the pathogen, its ability to survive for a long time in the soil, and the low level of resistance of rice cultivars to it. Proper management such as avoiding cultivation of dwarf and high tillering cultivars in fields with a history of pathogen presence, seed disinfection, proper plant densities, and optimal use of nitrogen fertilizer, field sanitation, and chemical control can prevent the epidemy and damage of the disease.


 
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