Showing 5 results for Ebrahimi
Laleh Ebrahimi, Zahra Tanhamaafi, Hossein Karbalaei Khiavi , Gorban Didehbaz Moghanlo, Yahya Azarmi, Rauf Zamani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Ebrahimi L, TanhaMaafi Z, KarbalaeiKhiavi H, Didehbaz G, Azarmi Y and Zamani R (2019) Distribution and population density of cereal cyst nematode in Ardabil province. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):9-15. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.8.2.9
Introduction: Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN), Heterodera species, are important parasitic nematodes of cereal. Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera species, are also serious pests of potato world-wide. Continuous monitoring of these nematodes is necessary to prevent their damage to their host plants. This study was conducted to determine the distribution and density of these nematodes in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran, where potatoes are planted in rotation with cereals. Materials and Methods: One hundred and two soil samples were collected from potato fields in the suburbs of Ardebil, Nair and Namin cities in the first year, and 116 soil samples were collected from the wheat fields that were cultivated in the rotation with potato in the second year. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and examined for cyst nematodes. After isolating the cysts, identification of the species was performed based on morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the cysts and the second stage larvae. Results: Examination of the collected samples in both of two years indicated the presence of CCN in some soil samples, but PCN were not observed in none of the soil samples. The morphological and morphometrical data of isolated cereal cysts and comparison with valid identification keys led to the identification of Heterodera filipjevi. Mean numbers of the cysts with eggs and larvae in those samples that were collected in the first and second year were respectively 0.76 and 0.11 in 100 g of the soil. Wheat fields of Ardebil had the highest and fields of Nair had the least number of cyst nematode. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that some of the wheat fields in the province were infected with H. filipjevi and potato fields were not infected with any cyst nematode.
Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Ebrahimi L (2020) Scab diseases of apple and pear. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):57-67. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.57
Apple and pear scab diseases caused by Venturia inaequalis and V. pyrina are the most important economical diseases on these plants. These pathogens overwinter in the form of spherical pseudothecia on the remnants of infected leaves. However, in areas with mild winters, they remain as mycelium or conidia in buds and branches. Symptoms of the disease on the leaves are black spots with a velvety surface. In severe and early infections on fruits, deformity and cracks occur. Humidity and temperature are important and influential factors in the prevalence and severity of this disease. The disease will be severe in areas where the weather is cool and humid in spring and early summer. Symptoms of diseases, morphological characteristics of pathogens, disease cycles and disease management methods including resistant cultivars, horticultural sanitation, biological control, chemical control and their forecasting program are illustrated and discussed.
Parmida Aleahmad, Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2020)
Abstract
Aleahmad P, Ebrahimi L (2020) Biological control method of postharvest fungal diseases of apple. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):95-107. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.95.
Apple postharvest diseases are usually caused by a wide range of pathogenic fungi. Postharvest rot of this crop is one of the most important economic diseases and also one of the main factors in reducing the lifespan of this crop. In contrast, our current knowledge of the occurrence and latent contamination during storage and its epidemiology is limited. The pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum causing gray mold and blue mold, respectively, are the most common pathogens in the cultivation areas, which are usually inhibited by the use of synthetic fungicides. However, due to the growing concern over the use of synthetic fungicides, alternative control measures such as using physical treatments, natural compounds, and biocontrol agents are highly desired. Although no method has been approved as a definitive method of postharvest diseases management, the effectiveness of yeasts such as Candida saitoana, bacteria such as Rahnella aquatilis, and fungal species such as Trichoderma harzianum has been suggested.
Parmida Aleahmad, Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract
Aleahmad P. Ebrahimi L (2022) The role of endophyte fungi in plant disease management. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):100-112.
Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.100.
Plant diseases usually cause economic damage and reduce growth and crop yield. Treatment of plant diseases with chemical toxins can result in environmental side effects, the emergence of resistance in pathogens, and loss of beneficial soil microorganisms, so the search for alternative methods such as identification and use of antagonistic microorganisms for disease treatment has been considered by researchers. A set of endophyte fungi that grow without damage or symptoms in host plant tissues and are known to be biological control agents of some plant diseases. Endophyte fungi with different mechanisms such as the production of antibiotic metabolites, competition, induction of resistance, and hyperparasitism of the pathogen weaken or eliminate the pathogens. These fungi can also help increase the growth and resistance of host plants to various stresses by producing antioxidant and antitumor compounds, as well as various growth hormones.
Elmira Abootorabi, Laleh Ebrahimi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract
Abootorabi E, Ebrahimi L (2022) Introduction of three entomopathogenic nematodes of Iran and their impact on honeycomb moth. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):89-99.
Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.89.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to collect and identify entomopathogenic nematodes native to Iran and to evaluate their pathogenicity on honeycomb moth larvae (Galleria mellonella). Materials and Methods: Thirteen isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were collected from different provinces of Iran and identified based on morphological characters. The percentage mortality of G. mellonella larvae infected with these isolates at 25 ± 1 and 32 ± 1 °C was determined in a one-to-one assay, and the ability of the isolates to find a target and the mortality of the insect in the sand column test were determined. Results: Seven isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, two isolates of Steinernema feltiae, and five isolates of S. carpocapsae were identified. The ability of isolates of all three nematode species to penetrate the insect's body has been shown to be up to 93% within 48-72 hours post-infection at 25 ± 1°C. The optimum temperature for the biological activity of the identified isolates was 25±1°C. S. carpocapsae found a target faster than the other two species in the sand column test. Conclusion: Isolates of S. carpocapsae have higher potential in targeting and pathogenicity of honeycomb moth larvae than the other two nematode species.
