There are some strategies for adaptation to environmental changes in plants, including a range of molecular-biochemical and also intent or induced mechanisms. The proper response of plant is occurred when it receives extracellular signals and transfers those inside the cell. Ethylene, identified as a plant hormone which regulates the plant reactions under some circumstances. Ethylene production has been enhanced in response to biological stresses like plant infection by pathogens or herbivores attack. Most of induced defense genes are regulated by transduction pathways signal. The biosynthesis pathway of ethylene from the amino acid methionine has been studied well. In this pathway, the produced ethylene activates the resistant genes resulting to incidence of plant resistance. The responsible genes in rice and also the ethylene-expressed resistance genes have been discussed in this review.

Keywords: Signaling, Pathogen, Ethylene, Defense, Plant

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