Showing 9 results for Trichoderma
Mirmaesum Iraqi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
In last decades, development of Biology science, importance of protection of environmentand high demand to the nutrients is caused that usage of the biological materials, in order to increase crop yield, have been viewed by researchers. Some of the Bacilli, Rhizobia and Trichoderma species are distinguished as Plant Growth Promoting. These micro-organisms with colonization and abundant sporulation in soil especially in rhizosphere of most of the cultivated and non-cultivated plants not only decrease the pathogenic agents, but also increase growth of the plants by bio-chemical mechanisms. With attention to isolate and study of many Trichoderma species in Iran, importance of performance researches about plant growth promoting effects of theTrichoderma species is necessary. In this paper, review of the plant growth promoting effects of Trichoderma is presented.
Gildana Moayedi1 , Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (9-2012)
Abstract
Trichoderma form-species are among of the important antagonists of plant pathogenic fungi and also induce resistance in field crops. Therefore their isolation and identification could be helpful for applying them in biological control. They isolate by pour soil diluted suspension on Dawet, Peptone – Rose Bengal, or modified Potato- Dextrose-Agar mediums. Species can identify based on colony characteristics, growth characteristics and morphological characteristics of conidiophores, phialids, and conidia. Eighty-five isolates of Trichoderma from 25 soil samples, from 8 regions of the Fars province sugar beet fields, isolated and purified with this method. With studied their characteristics eight form-species of Trichoderma identified with names: T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. brevicompactum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. spirale, T. tomentosum and T. virens . Methods of isolation, identification and morphological characteristics of these fungi described.
Mohammad Sherafatifar, Habiballah Hamzehzarghani, Samira Shahbazi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Food production and food security is an essential precursor to sustainable development in agriculture. Currently, more than 800 million people, generally in Africa and Asia, suffer from hunger and agriculture is considered as the main source of food for them. One of the application of nuclear technology is reducing the damages of plant pest and diseases. The application of nuclear techniques in plant pathology can be grouped in three categories including disease tracing, mutagenesis induction and radiation of crops to induce resistance and destruction of pathogens. As a new method to induce defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, nowadays, gamma radiation is used to improve the growth in the way to induce the plant resistance to environmental tensions and plant pathogens as well. Use of this potential, especially in management of seed and seedling diseases is very important to reduce a big portion of crop losses caused by plant pathogens in the first weeks of seedling growth.
Omid Shenavar, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Shenavar O. & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R. 2015. Computerized interactive keys for identification of fungi. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):41-52
Accurate identification of fungi and fungus-like organisms is one of the most important steps for finding an approach to employ or control them. Nevertheless, this process is usually laborious and slow. Application of interactive keys is one of the ways to save the time and have an accurate identification of the species. An interactive key is a computer program in which the user enters morphological or molecular attributes of the specimen and the program compares them with the data of its database to find a match species with the highest similarity. Such keys also allocate separate images and other data for any known species. In this paper some of the interactive identification keys and their function is discussed.
Samaneh Samavat,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Biological control of Rhizoctonia damping-off disease. Plant Pathology Science 6(2):55-67.
Damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn is a very important plant disease among soil-borne diseases that make severe damages on a wide range of plants in the world. Biological control of this disease with Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium species has been reported as a successful management method. The results of some researches on this area and the mechanisms of the effect of these antagonistic fungi and bacteria are described here.
Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Ebrahimi L (2020) Scab diseases of apple and pear. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):57-67. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.57
Apple and pear scab diseases caused by Venturia inaequalis and V. pyrina are the most important economical diseases on these plants. These pathogens overwinter in the form of spherical pseudothecia on the remnants of infected leaves. However, in areas with mild winters, they remain as mycelium or conidia in buds and branches. Symptoms of the disease on the leaves are black spots with a velvety surface. In severe and early infections on fruits, deformity and cracks occur. Humidity and temperature are important and influential factors in the prevalence and severity of this disease. The disease will be severe in areas where the weather is cool and humid in spring and early summer. Symptoms of diseases, morphological characteristics of pathogens, disease cycles and disease management methods including resistant cultivars, horticultural sanitation, biological control, chemical control and their forecasting program are illustrated and discussed.
Parmida Aleahmad, Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Aleahmad P, Ebrahimi L (2020) Biological control method of postharvest fungal diseases of apple. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):95-107. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.95.
Apple postharvest diseases are usually caused by a wide range of pathogenic fungi. Postharvest rot of this crop is one of the most important economic diseases and also one of the main factors in reducing the lifespan of this crop. In contrast, our current knowledge of the occurrence and latent contamination during storage and its epidemiology is limited. The pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum causing gray mold and blue mold, respectively, are the most common pathogens in the cultivation areas, which are usually inhibited by the use of synthetic fungicides. However, due to the growing concern over the use of synthetic fungicides, alternative control measures such as using physical treatments, natural compounds, and biocontrol agents are highly desired. Although no method has been approved as a definitive method of postharvest diseases management, the effectiveness of yeasts such as Candida saitoana, bacteria such as Rahnella aquatilis, and fungal species such as Trichoderma harzianum has been suggested.
Saeedeh Dehghanpour Farashah, Mehrdad Salehzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (2-2021)
Abstract
Dehghanpour Farashah S, Salehzadeh M (2021) Situation of Fusarium root and crown rot disease of wheat in Iran. Plant Pathology Science 10(1):97-106. Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.1.97.
Fusarium root and crown rot is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world, which causes a significant reduction in yield. The disease is also common in many wheat production areas in Iran. F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. solani, F. semitectum, F. equiseti, F. crookwellense, F. lateritium, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. subglutinans,F. proliferatum, F. longipes, F. nygamai, F. compactum, F. diversisporum, F. fujikuroi, F. javanicum, F. flocciferum and F. tricinctum have been reported from rotten tissues of wheat root and crown in Iran and F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum are known as the most important disease agents. Disease management methods including crop rotation, removal of diseased plant debris, setting planting date, biological control, seed disinfection with protective fungicides and cultivation of relatively resistant cultivars are described in this article.
Maryam Mirtalebi, Javad Shafienia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Shafienia J, Mirtalebi M (2022) Plants growth promoting fungi. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):112-124. Doi:10.2982/PPS.11.2.112
The world's population is growing rapidly. To feed this large population, more crops must be produced. The broad use of fertilizers, pesticides and other inputs increases the productivity of existing agricultural lands and the amount of food production, but this increase in yield causes damage to the environment, soil degradation and the destruction of its natural microbial population. To prevent these harmful effects of the chemicals, an eco-friendly approach is needed to ensure human health and the environment. In the innovative view of agricultural production, there is a growing demand for the use of biofertilizers instead of agrochemicals. The use of beneficial microorganisms can be a new strategy to improve plant health and productivity. Natural microbial populations play an important role in the solubilizing and mineralizing of soil nutrients, which is very important for plant growth and development. Among the various microbial populations, fungi known as plants growth promoting fungi (PGPF) have recently received increasing attention. For decades, plant growth promoting fungi such as Trichoderma, Penicillium, Phoma, Aspergillus and Fusarium have been studied. Studies have shown that these fungi, regulate plant growth without environmental pollution and increase plant tolerance to plant pathogens. In this review a brief description of plant growth promoting fungi is given first. In the following, the nature and composition of these fungi as well as the mode of actions, formulation and related challenges will be concidered.
