Showing 3 results for Soil-Borne
Samaneh Fuladvand , Seyedeh Atefeh Hosseini ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Fuladvand S. & Hosseini S.A. 2015. Fungi and fungal-like organisms vectors of plant viruses. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):53-63.
The fungi Olpidium brassica and O. boronovanus , and two fungal-like species, Polymyxa beta and P. graminis, are known as important vectors of plant viruses. All of these microorganisms are obligate parasite of root and transmit the viruses belong to at least 12 genera and four families of plant viruses. In this paper, these vectors and their life cycle, transmitted viruses, methods of the acquiring and transmission of them are described.
Maryam Khezri, Mahmoud Reza Karimi Shahri, Abolghasem Ghasem,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Khezri, M., Karimi Shahri, M. R., & Ghasemi, A. (2023). Bacterial rot disease of saffron corm and leaf. Plant Pathology Science, 12(1), 74-83.
Saffron is one of the valuable agricultural products and its dried stigma is used as medicine and is known as a precious spice. Infection of the plant's reproductive organs plays an important role in the spread of pathogens. The saffron is reproduced via corms, and using healthy and pathogen-free corms is the best and most effective strategy to prevent the spread of soil-borne pathogens in new areas and fields. Saffron corm rot disease is caused by some fungal and bacterial pathogens. Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli is the causal agent of saffron leaf and corm rot disease. The bacterium survives in the soil for a long time, and it is transmitted through the infected soil, farming tools, and corms. In recent years, this disease has been reported from Khorasan Razavi province. In this article, along with introducing the bacterial disease of saffron leaves and corms rotting, strategies to prevent the occurrence and spread of the disease have been presented.
Hadis Shahbazi ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB) caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world, which is also common in some areas of rice cultivation in Iran. The pathogen usually overwinters as sclerotia in soil and plant debries and mycelium in plant debris and seeds. Sclerotia can survive inactive in soil, and rice debris for several years. After transplanting susceptible rice cultivars, the sclerotia germinate, produce mycelium, and infect the lower sheaths of the rice plant. The characteristic symptoms of ShB are green-gray water-soaked lesions, spherical to oval, or irregularly discolored on rice sheath. The lesions are connected, and the center of the lesions becomes gray to light brown with a dark brown-to-red border, by passing time. Factors such as the rice variety, plant density, and growth stage, initial inoculum population of the pathogen, environmental conditions, and plant nutrition affect the disease severity and epidemic. The disease management is difficult, because of the wide host range of the pathogen, its ability to survive for a long time in the soil, and the low level of resistance of rice cultivars to it. Proper management such as avoiding cultivation of dwarf and high tillering cultivars in fields with a history of pathogen presence, seed disinfection, proper plant densities, and optimal use of nitrogen fertilizer, field sanitation, and chemical control can prevent the epidemy and damage of the disease.
