Showing 4 results for Alfalfa
Masoumeh Hatamzadeh , Vahid Rahjoo ,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most important diseases of alfalfa crops in Iran. Leveillula taurica which is the main causal pathogen on alfalfa, has a wide host range and distributed in warm and arid areas of the world. Planting the resistant and moderately resistant cultivars is the most appropriate method to control the powdery mildew of alfalfa. Based on field trials in Iran, the cultivars Codi and Gharehyonjeh are moderately resistant Bami is moderately susceptible Hamedani 121 and Hamedani 122 are susceptible and Mohajeran, Simertchenskaya, Diablorde and Ranger are highly susceptible to this disease. Accordingly, Codi and Gharehyonjeh which are the moderately resistant cultivars can be used for management of this disease.
Vahid Rahjoo , Masoumeh Hatamzadeh, Hatamzadeh Mahrokh, Sayyed Mohammad Ali Mofidian,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Alfalfa downy mildew caused by Peronospora trifoliorum de Bary, is one of the factors decreases alfalfa yield. It distributes as epidemic and causes falling and yellowing the leaves in favorite conditions especially in spring and first cutting of alfalfa. In order to select alfalfa resistant ecotypes to downy mildew disease, standard greenhouse and field experiments can be used. In greenhouse tests 7-day-old seedlings are inoculated with spore suspension and after incubation period, the percentage of the symptomless seedlings is compared with resistant control as soon as disease symptoms appear. Field experiments are carried out with minimum three replications of alfalfa ecotypes in an appropriate statistical design at some locations in which natural condition for disease occurrence exists. A susceptible ecotype is used as spreader in order to help disease distribution. Resistance of ecotypes is evaluated based on percentage of the leaves infection in five different classes (1-5) scoring system. Nowadays large number of researches has been done on alfalfa resistance to downy mildew and several resistant cultivars have been reported worldwide. For example KS224 and Saranac have been known as resistant cultivars to downy mildew. Some cultivars and ecotypes such as Kiseverdai, Nikshahri, Gharghlooogh and Malek-Kandi show good tolerance to disease in a few researches carried out in Iran. Results of field and greenhouse experiments are relative similar and show good correlation. It seems that using these ecotypes in different regions of Iran especially cold regions in which disease is frequently observed and considering other management methods such as appropriate cutting can be considerably decrease the occurrence of the disease and the crop loss.
Farzad Moradi, Hojatolah Mazaheri-Laghab, Leila Kashi, Seid Saied Mosavi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Moradi F, Mazaheri-laghab H, Kashi L, Moosavi SS (2022) Impact of raw and pure saponins of six alfalfa ecotypes on Ditylenchus dipsaci egg hatching. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):61-72. Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.61
Introduction: The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is an important and damaging pathogen in a number of agricultural and ornamental plants, including alfalfa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raw and pure saponins of six alfalfa ecotypes on the hatching of this nematode's eggs in order to find a biological method for its management. Materials and Methods: The effect of raw and pure saponins of six alfalfa ecotypes on the hatching of stem nematode eggs was investigated in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors of alfalfa ecotypes (six ecotypes) and their saponins (raw and pure) in vitro. Results: Analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect between two factors, ecotype and saponin, is statistically significant. At concentrations of 50 and 90 microliters of crude saponin from different ecotypes, 30-42% and 33-59% of the nematode eggs did not hatch, respectively. The Nishaburi ecotypes caused the most and the Shiraz and Khrisari polycross caused the least number of egg hatching. Concentrations of 10 and 50 microliters of pure saponin resulted in between 56 and 69% and 61 and 79% of total nematode eggs failing to hatch, respectively. The local ecotypes Miandoab and Nishaburi had the highest and Shiraz Polycross the lowest number of egg hatches. Conclusion: Pure saponins of alfalfa ecotypes have a greater effect on nematode egg hatching than raw saponins. Saponins of Shiraz Polycross alfalfa ecotype have a better effect than other ecotypes.
Parastoo Pouraziz, Dr. Davoud Koolivand,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Pouraziz, P., & Koolivand, D. (2024). The application of biopolymers in the management of plants viral diseases. Plant Pathology Science, 13(1),125-134.
Polymers with natural origin are known as biopolymers. Due to their biocompatibility and biodegradable properties, biopolymers have a wide range of applications in various fields such as agriculture, medicine, and industry. Biopolymers limit the activities of plant pathogens by increasing the immune system of plants by influencing resistance genes and also activating resistance mechanisms. Therefore, the use of these substances to combat plant pathogens has found a wide application in agriculture. The use of biopolymers to deal with plant pathogens such as fungi and bacteria is a suitable solution to reduce their damage. Also, treatment of the virus-infected plant with biopolymers reduces the symptoms and damage of the disease. The molecular antiviral mechanisms of some biopolymers such as chitosan, chitin, oligochitosan, β-glucans, lentine, alginate, hydrogel and their compounds in the management of plants viral diseases are described in this article.
