Plant Pathology Science

Tanha Maafi  Z. & Heidari R. 2015. Review on incidence of soybean cyst nematode in Iran. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):1-16.

Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is widespread in major soybean producing countries and is considered as the most suppressed agent of soybean yield in the world. This nematode was reported from northern Iran in 1999 for the first time. Presently SCN is widely distributed in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces and infestation rate is a remarkable showing broad range of infestation. In most fields, the population density is above the damage threshold level reported for this nematode in the literatures. The HG Type 0 (race 3) has been defined as the dominant type in the region and Katoul (DPX) is the only resistant cultivar to this type of SCN in Iran. Importance of soybean cyst nematode, distribution and severity of infection, nematode morphology, symptoms, race/Hg Type, life cycle, reaction of Iranian cultivars against the dominant SCN Hg Type in Iran, and its management, based on the researches conducted in Iran and in the world are presented in this paper.

The pinto bean with a considerable amount of protein plays a key role in human life. Plant parasitic nematodes are known to attack pinto bean plants worldwide. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) causes extensive damage to legume fields annually. The use of chemical fertilizers leads to instability in agricultural systems and endangers human health. The use of organic fertilizers can be a suitable alternative. The present study examined the effects of different concentrations of pigeon and poultry manures on M. javanica-infected pinto bean under greenhouse conditions. Poultry and pigeon manures were individually mixed with steam-sterilized soil at three different concentrations [1, 2, and 3% (w/w)] and the soil was poured into the 1.5 kg plastic pot. Pinto bean seeds were sown in pots and the seedlings were watered until the end of the test and fertilized as needed. Seedlings at the four-leaf stage were inoculated with 4000 eggs of M. javanica. The plants were harvested after 60 days and plant growth indices and nematode population indices were determined. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design tests with five repetitions. The results showed that application of 2% poultry manure was the best treatment that increased shoot length, fresh and dry shoot weight, and fresh root weight in nematode-infected plants. In addition, this amount of poultry manure resulted in a reduction in the number of galls, egg mass and eggs in the root system, the number of second stage juveniles in the soil and the reproductive factor compared to the untreated inoculated control. The results of this study showed that under greenhouse conditions, the effect of poultry manure in reducing nematode damage to pinto beans was greater than that of pigeon manure.