Showing 8 results for arzanlou
Munes Bakhshi, Mehdi Arzanlou, Asadollah Babay-Ahari,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
Sexual reproduction of fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) locus. Because two alternate forms (alleles) are completely dissimilar sequences and encoding different transcription factors, this locus is structurally unusual, yet they occupy the same chromosomal position. Genomic analyses facilitate the definition of MAT locus sequences in many species, so the knowledge of MAT locus structure and evolution has been significantly advanced in recent years. This important genomic feature has been studied most extensively in the largest phylum of the fungi, Ascomycota, which is the largest group of the plant pathogenic fungi. In this article we discuss the different aspects of mating type genes and their structure and organization in Ascomycota. Knowledge on the mating type genes may provide a great assistance to understanding the potential of phytopathogenic fungi for sexual cycle and consequently on genetic diversity in fungal populations. The proper data on sexual reproduction and genetic diversity of phytopathogenic fungi might be useful in different aspects of plant disease management.
Keivan Karimi, Mahdi Arzanlou, Fariba Mirabi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Karimi K., Arzanlou M. & Mirabi F. 2015. Barley scald disease. Plant Pathology Science 4(1):1-12.
Barley is one of the world`s most widely consumed cereal. Rhynchosporium commune, the causal agent of barley leaf scald, is one of the most deleterious pathogens of barley which can cause up to 40% yield loss, under favorable conditions. Primary infection takes place by spores produced on infected plant debris. The secondary infection can be repeated by spore dispersal by rain and wind. Although the teleomorphic stage is unknown, high levels of genetic diversity have been observed within and between populations of this pathogen, attributed to some mechanisms such as gene flow, parasexual cycle and asexual recombination. The management of this disease is mainly achieved through cultural and chemical measures of control and use of resistant cultivars. In this paper, different aspects of pathogen symptoms, taxonomy and biology of pathogen, and management of disease are discussed.
Kaivan Karimi, Asadollah Babai-Ahari, Mahdi Arzanlou,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Karimi K., Babai-Ahari A. & Arzanlou M. 2015. Strawberry anthracnose disease. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):26-40.
Anthracnose disease is one of the most destructive diseases of strawberry which caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae. C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes possess wider host range. According to the latest multi-gene phylogenetic evaluation, different strains of the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose disease which have been collected from different regions of the world, belong to these two species and are divided into several clusters, related to cryptic species. Despite infecting various parts of the plant, C. acutatum is mostly responsible for fruit rot and in comparison with two other species, causes crown rot and is more prevalent and destructive. Dispersal of pathogen inoculums mainly takes place by rain splash and sprinkler irrigation as well as by movement of human beings and animals. Integrated management of this disease is mainly achieved through cultural, chemical, biological and the use of resistant cultivars. Giving the importance of strawberry anthracnose disease in terms of damage rate and its recent incidence in many strawberry growing areas in Iran, different aspects of the disease, including diagnosis of the causal agent, biology and efficient management methods are discussed in the present review.
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Somayeh Mousavi, Mahdi Arzanlou,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
Mousavi S. & Arzanlou M. 2016. Cercospora leaf spot disease of sugar beet. Plant Pathology Science 5(2):13-22.
Cercospora leaf spot disease is one of the most important foliar diseases of sugar beet. Over one third of the sugar beet cultivation areas of the world has been affected by this disease. Cercospora beticola is the causal agent of this disease and a high level of interspecific variation of its morphology and genetics has been reported. Disease management is mainly achieved by a combination of cultural practices, cultivation of resistant varieties and application of fungicides. Due to the economic importance of the disease in Iran, some of the different aspects of Cercospora leaf spot disease, including the introduction of disease as well as the biology of the fungus, disease cycle and the efficient measures of disease management, has been reviewed in this paper.
Abolfazl Narmani, Mahdi Arzanlou,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (2-2017)
Abstract
Narmani A. & Arzanlou M. 2017. Grapevine Esca disease. Plant Pathology Science 6(1): 12-21.
Esca is one of the most important and destructive diseases of grapevines worldwide, decreasing growth and yield in all stages of growth. Phaeoacremonium minimum is known as the main fungal species associated with disease, worldwide and its pathogenicity on grapevines have been documented by several studies in Iran. In the vineyards, infected plant material, soil and reproductive material are the main sources of inoculums. Pruning wounds are the main route for entrance of pathogen and infection. Seasonal and environmental factors such as stress and damage caused by freezing are effective on the symptom developed. Disease management strategies are mainly preventive with pruning and elimination of infected organs and treatment of pruning wounds with fungicides have been suggested.
Noorallah Hassanpour, Mehdi Arzanlou,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Hasanpour N and Arzanlou M (2019) Ash dieback disease. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):70-76. DOI:10.2982/PPS.8.2.70
Ash tree is an important symbol of the urban green space in the world, which is also used in the construction of home and sport equipment. Ash dieback disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is widespread in the most forests and green areas of the European countries. The disease was first observed in Poland and Lithuania in the early 1990s. The geographical spread of the pathogen has increased in the last two decades and so it is now is considered as a serious threat to the Ash trees. Initial infection is caused by ascospores released from apothecia formed on the previous year's leaves dropped. Disease management can be achieved by prevention and quarantine methods, sanitation, identification and cultivation of resistant cultivars and the use of chemical fungicides. The disease has not been reported from Iran so far, however, the possibility of entering the disease in the future is unclear. Therefore in this article we discuss the various aspects related to this disease including symptoms, pathologic biology, and management methods.
Marzieh Mehrabioun Mohammadi, Narges Ahmadi, Mahdi Arzanlou,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Mehrabioun Mohammadi M, Ahmadi N, Arzanlou M (2020) Dutch elm disease. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):91-100. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.91.
Elm trees are one of the most important ornamental trees and are widely used in the design of urban green spaces. Dutch elm disease is recognized as one of the most important elm diseases in the world. The disease has become an epidemic worldwide and at least three species of Ophiostoma including O. ulmi, O. novo-ulmi and O. Himal-ulmi that differ in geographical distribution and invasion power, are involved in this disease. In Iran, O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi are known to involve in this disease, with O. novo-ulmi being more virulent. Management of the disease is mainly achieved through preventive and quarantine methods, health measures, resistant cultivars and the use of chemical compounds. Various aspects of the disease, including disease symptoms and signs, pathogen biology and ecology, disease management methods are reviewed in this paper.
Mr Noorallah Hasanpour, Mahdi Arzanlou,
Volume 12, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2023)
Abstract
Hasanpour, N., & Arzanlou M. (2023). Application of yeasts in plant diseases management. Plant Pathology Science 12(1), 94-104.
Yeasts are widely distributed on earth.They play role in industries such as bakery, fermentation, protein production, the synthesis of chemicals such as riboflavin and citric acid, agriculture and plant diseases management. They are effective in reducing plant diseases. through a variety of mechanisms, such as competition for food and space, parasitic relationship with the pathogen, induction of plant resistance, mycoparasitism, ecological niche occupation, mycotoxin detoxification and production of cell wall degradation enzymes. The superior characteristics of yeasts are greater tolerance and adaptation to thermal fluctuations at low and high temperatures, adaptation in a wide range of relative humidity, pH fluctuations, low oxygen levels, high proliferation rate, limiting the pathogen population and tolerance to UV radiation. Due these characteristics, yeasts are considered as one of the best choices to use in the process of biological control. In this paper, the positive aspects of yeasts compared to other microbial agents, their role in agriculture and management mechanisms of plant diseases are discussed.
