Showing 4 results for ZAL
Mehdi Nasresfahani, Ghazaleh Kaseb, Shaban Shafizadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract
The Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the important field crops in the worlds, which its cultivation has been developed, because of its food value and consumptions. But, there are certain diseases, which limited the growth and productivity, out of which the fungal diseases are of high severity. Thus, for this very purpose, a survey was conducted in the pepper growing areas including field and glass houses for fungal diseases identification in Isfahan provinces. The infected pepper plants were collected in the plastic bages and transferred, into the lab. The macro and microscopic studies indicated that there are severed fungal diseases infecting the pepper plant on the areal parts, including Powdery mildews, Downy mildews, Sclerotinia stem rot, early blight and Botrytis molds. Except the Downy and Powdery mildews being obligate parasite, which cannot be cultured the rest were culture from the margin in the infected parts, where the disease were under development on PDA for purification and identifications through tip culture. The results revealed that, there are several fungal species involving including Peronosporatabacina for Downy mildew, Levielullatauricafor Powdery mildew, Early blight, Alternariaalteanataand A. solani, fruit rot, Botrytis cinerea and stem rot due to Sclerotiniasclerotiorum from areal parts.
Mohaddeseh Zal, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Development of human civilization is closely associated with agricultural crops. The major threat to crops posed by fungal diseases results in the use by growers of enormous amounts of chemicals. Fungicides are compounds, which are toxic to fungi. These materials have been applied for a long time to reduce losses and increase the quality and yield of the agricultural products. Today in addition to improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products and protecting plants by fungicides, the fungicide resistance problem must also be considered. The appearance of resistance has an important factor in limiting the efficacy and useful lifetime of fungicides. In general, systemic fungicides have been associated with resistance problems to a much greater extent than have non-systemic (protectant) fungicides. However, there are some exceptions. This paper discusses the resistance mechanisms to fungicides of some phytopathogenic fungi (e.g. altered target site, reduced uptake of fungicide, removal, detoxification or metabolism of fungicide) at the molecular level and describes methods used in the molecular detection of fungal resistance (e.g. RFLP-PCR, and allele specific real-time PCR) to fungicides.
Nasser Beikzadeh, Hamid Afzali,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Beikzadeh N, Afzali H (2020) Impact of six essential oils on strawberry gray mold. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):129-140. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.129.
Introduction: Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most important disease after strawberry fruit harvest. The use of chemical fungicides can have a negative effect on the health of consumers, so the use of plant essential oils for disease management has been considered. The effect of six plant essential oils on the pathogen and the contamination of strawberry fruits was investigated in this research to identify suitable essential oil to control the disease. Materials and Methods: The pathogen was isolated from infected strawberry fruits in northeastern Iran. The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of peppermint, savory, caraway, cumin, eucalyptus and thyme essential oils on mycelial growth and germination of the pathogen spores was tested by mixing them with culture medium. Then, the effect of these essential oils in liquid and vapor phases on the contamination of strawberry fruits was tested. After normalization, the data of these experiments were analyzed by analysis of variance with MSTAT-C software and the means were compared with Duncan test. Results: Essential oils of caraway and eucalyptus had the greatest effect in inhibiting the growth of pathogen mycelium. Essential oils of caraway, cumin, savory, thyme and peppermint had the greatest effect in inhibiting the germination of pathogen spores. The essential oils of caraway, cumin, savory, thyme and peppermint in the vapor phase, the essential oils of caraway and eucalyptus in the liquid phase, prevented further contamination of the fruit. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that all of these plant essential oils can significantly prevent the growth of mycelium and germination of pathogen spores and contamination of strawberry fruits, but the effect of caraway essential oil in most cases is better than others. Thus, it can be used as an alternative to fungicides on strawberry fruit.
Khadijeh Abbasi, Saeed Afzalinia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Abstract
Abbasi K, Afzalinia S (2022) Introduction of eight fungi isolated from potato golden cyst nematode in Iran. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):22-31.
Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.22
Introduction: The golden cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is considered as one of the most damaging potato pathogens in the world. Considering the skin composition of cyst nematodes and the ability of some fungi to produce enzymes that decompose it, this research was conducted to identify the fungi associated with potato cyst nematode. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six fungal isolates infecting potato golden cyst nematode in Hamedan province in western Iran were isolated and purified and identified based on morphological characteristics by valid keys. Results: Eight species of fungi belonging to three genera Alternaria, Clonostachys, Fusarium were isolated and identified from potato golden cyst nematode. The highest frequency was related to different species of Fusarium. Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of these eight fungi have been described and illustrated.
