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Showing 8 results for HOSSEINI
Fungi and Fungal-like Organisms Vectors of Plant Viruses
Samaneh Fuladvand , Seyedeh Atefeh Hosseini ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract

Fuladvand  S. & Hosseini S.A. 2015. Fungi and fungal-like organisms vectors of plant viruses. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):53-63.

The fungi Olpidium brassica and O. boronovanus , and two fungal-like species, Polymyxa beta  and P. graminis, are known as important vectors of plant viruses. All of these microorganisms are obligate parasite of root and transmit the viruses belong to at least 12 genera and four families of plant viruses. In this paper, these vectors and their life cycle, transmitted viruses, methods of the acquiring and transmission of them are described.


Mycoviruses Application in Biocontrol of Fugal Pathogens
Musa Mohammadi, Ahmad Hosseini, Ebrahim Sedaghati , Samin Hosseini,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
Mohammadi  M., Hosseini A., Sedaghati E. and Hosseini S. 2018. Mycoviruses  application in biocontrol of fugal pathogens. Plant Pathology Science 7(1):51-62.

Mycoviruses or fungal parasitic viruses have dsDNA, dsRNA or ssRNA genome. Some of these viruses have a restricted host range and can infect certain strains of host species. In contrast, some other viruses have wider host range and can infect different species of a fungal family. In most cases these viruses are transmitted by anastomosis of mycelium. In a phenomenon called hypovirulence, most of these viruses decrease the virulence of their host fungus. Discovery of  hypovirulence revealed the biocontrol ability of mycoviruses. In summary, mycoviruses could be implemented as powerful agents for biocontrol of fungal pathogens and induction of resistance in plants.
 
Optimal method for production of mycelia biomass of Ganoderma lucidum in sugarcane molasses
Saeideh Ahmadifar, Syed Mohsen Hosseini, Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh, - Akbar Jahedi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Ahmadifar S , Hosseini SM, MohammadiGoltapeh E, Jahedi A (2020) Optimal method for production of mycelia biomass of Ganoderma lucidum in sugarcane molasses. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):1-14. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.1.
 
Introduction: Ganoderma lucidum, medicinal mushroom, is one of the most effective traditional medicine in East Asia. The mycelium, the spore and the basidiocarp contain about 400 different bioactive compounds with polysaccharides, peptidoglycans and triterpenes as active ingredient groups of medical value. Underwater cultivation is one of the most reliable technologies to produce the industrial biomass of this mushroom, which contains anti-tumor and anti-cancer polysaccharides. Regarding the growth of fungal mycelium, it is related to various environmental factors such as pH, temperature and available nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of pH, temperature and different concentrations of the carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth rate of fungal biomass in sugar cane molasses. Materials and Methods: The first part of the study dealt with the morpHological and molecular identification of an Iranian isolate from G. lucidum.  Then the effects of carbon sources of arabinose, maltose, cellulose and xylose at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%, and nitrogen sources of yeast extract, MgSo4.7H2O, peptone and K2Hpo4 at concentrations of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%, pH 4, 4.5, 5 and 5.5, and a temperature of 25° C, 28° C, 32 ° C and the number of 2, 3, and 4 inoculum particles of 5 mm2 for the production of mycelium biomass of G. lucidum, in sugarcane molasses was studied, in completely randomized design experiments with four replicates for each treatment in vitro. Results: A comparison of the mean dry weight mycelium of G. lucidum produced with different treatments showed the significant differences between the treatments with a probability of 5%. The highest yield of G. lucidum was obtained in peptone with concentration of 0.3%, maltose with concentration of 0.2%, pH=5, 3 inoculum particles with 5mm2 diameter, at 28°C. Conclusion: Sugar cane molasses can be used as a cheap and inexpensive medium for the biomass production of G. lucidum. For the first time this study showed that by adding peptone with concentration of 0.3%, maltose with concentration of 0.2%, to sugarcane molasses, with 3 particles of inoculum with 5mm2 diameter, in pH=5, and 28°C, the highest biomass of this medicinal mushroom could be produced.

3-The reaction of 109 rice lines to blast disease
Hadis Shahbazi, Alireza Tarang, Fereidoun Padasht, Maryam Hosseini Chaleshtari, Mehrzad Allahgholipour, Maryam Khoshkdaman, Seyyede Akram Mousavi Qale Roudkhani, Sousan Nazari Tabak, Farzaneh Asadollahi Sharifi, Mahnaz Pourabbas,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract
Shahbazi H, Tarang A, Padasht F, Hosseini Chaleshtari M, Allah-Gholipour M,  Khoshkdaman M, Mousavi Qaleh Roudkhani SA, Nazari Tabak S, Asadollahi Sharifi F, Pourabbas Dolatabad M (2022) The reaction of 109 rice lines to blast disease. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):24-35.  Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.24.
 
Introduction: Blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is the most important fungal disease of rice in the world. The best method of disease management is to identify and cultivate resistant cultivars. Materials and Methods: In this study, the response of 109 promising lines from the Iranian Rice Research Institute along with three control cultivars (susceptible and resistant) to blast disease was evaluated. Seeds of each line were sown in an upland nursery to assess leaf blast in early July. In order to inoculate the desired lines, leaves infected with the blast were collected from different areas of Guilan Province and placed on the surface of the rice blast nursery. In all stages, the necessary humidity to cause disease was provided by sprinkler irrigation. The severity of the disease was rated from zero to nine using the standard method of the International Rice Research Institute. Seedlings were grown in large pots in the greenhouse and inoculated by injection into the panicle neck to assess panicle burst. Results: Seven and 14 lines with grades 2 and 3 showed resistance to leaf blast. Other lines ranged from relatively susceptible to very susceptible to the disease. Three lines TH1, TH2, and TH3 with a degree of contamination of 5 were susceptible to panicle blast disease. Conclusion: Twenty-one known blast-resistant lines can be used in the rice cultivars breeding program.

5-The reaction of forty cucurbits genotypes against Cucumber mosaic virus
Seyyed Ziya Mirhosseini Chahooki, Hossein Massumi, Jahangir Heydarnejad, Akbar Hosseinipour, ‪roohollah Abdolshahi, Mohammad Maddahian,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract
Mirhosseini-Chahooki SZ, Massumi H, Heydarnejad J, Hosseinipour A, Abdoshahi R, Maddahian M (2022) The reaction of forty cucurbits genotypes against  Cucumber mosaic virus. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):48-59.
    Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.48.
 
Introduction: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most common pathogens of cucurbits plants in the world. The best way to manage the disease is to identify and cultivate resistant cultivars. Materials and Methods: Reaction of 40 genotypes or cultivars of cucurbits plants including Cantaloupe, cucumber, melon, squash and watermelon were evaluated for a CMV isolate from subgroup IB under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with 10 replications per treatment. The plants were inoculated with CMV-infected tobacco extract at the cotyledon leaf stage. Up to four weeks after inoculation, their reaction was determined based on symptom severity index and absorption index in ELISA test (OD405). Results: Genotypes were classified into five groups: highly sensitive, sensitive, relatively resistant, resistant and completely resistant. Conclusion: Cultivation of completely resistant or resistant genotypes for disease management can be recommended.
 

The effect of essential oils of thyme, peppermint, savory and two fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi
Seyed Moslem Hosseini, Mostafa Darvishnia, H R Hossein Rezaeinejad, Eidi Bazgir, Fatemeh Darvishnia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Abstract
Hosseini SM, Darvishnia M, Rezaei Nejad A, Bazgir E, Darvishnia F (2022) The effect of essential oils of thyme, peppermint, savory and two fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):52-60.    Doi:10.2982/PPS.11.2.52
 
Introduction: Some plant essential oils have antifungal properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of three plant essential oils and two chemical fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. Materials and methods: The effect of different concentrations of three essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), peppermint (Mentha piperata L.) and khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad), compared to two chemical fungicides; mancozeb and carbendazim were investigated on the growth of three fungi Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani by dilution in Yeast Extract Sucrose Broth medium method and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were calculated. Results: Thyme essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect on A. solani and F. solani among these essential oils, and savory essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect on B. cinerea. Among the chemical fungicides, mancozeb had the most inhibitory effect on A. solani and carbendazim had the most inhibitory effect on B. cinerea and F. solani. Conclusion: Thyme and khuzestani savory essential oils have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of these three plants pathogenic fungi.


 
The effect of four herbal compounds on root-knot nematode of kiwi
Forough Kazemian, Salar Jamali, Zohreh Alipour, Seyed Mohsen Nasaj Hosseini,
Volume 12, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2023)
Abstract

Kazemian F, Jamali S, Alipour Z, Nasaj Hosseini SM (2023) The effect of four herbal compounds on root-knot nematode of kiwi. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):27-40. 

Introduction: Root-knot nematodes damage is one of the major problems in kiwifruit production in northern Iran. This research was carried out to investigate the possibility of using dried leaves of four plants to manage kiwifruit root-knot nematode. Materials and Methods: The soil and roots of diseased kiwifruit from the gardens of Rudsar City, Gilan Province, Iran were sampled and their root knot nematode was purified using the single egg mass method on the early Urbana tomato variety. The morphological characteristics of nematode second stage larvae and females were examined and nematode species were identified. By using the single egg mass technique, the necessary nematode population was reared on the early Urbana tomato. The effect of dry leaves of chrysanthemum, parsley, guava and oleander in two rates of 50 and 75 grams per kilogram of soil was evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates for each treatment on nematode-inoculated kiwi seedlings of Hayward cultivar. Nematode-related indices (number of galls, egg mass, eggs and J2s in 250 g of soil and reproductive factor) and plant growth characteristics (seedling height; root length and volume; fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots) were measured. Results: The root- knot nematode causing the disease in this region was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. In addition to controlling the nematode, the treatments used improved the growth of the kiwi seedlings. The results of the mean comparison of data showed that the treatment of 75 g of chrysanthemum leaves had a greater effect on reducing nematode population indices than other treatments. The next effective treatments were chrysanthemum at the rate of 50g, parsley at the rate of 75g, parsley at the rate of 50g, oleander at the rate of 75g, oleander at the rate of 50g, guava at the rate of 75g and guava at the rate of 50g, respectively. Treatment with 75 g of chrysanthemums also had the greatest effect on improving the growth rate of tomato seedlings. Conclusion: Adding 75g of dry chrysanthemum leaves to each kilogram of soil will help reduce root nematode damage and improve the growth of kiwi seedlings.

Application of new information technologies in plant pathology
Seyyedehatefeh Hosseini, Zahra Anvari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2024)
Abstract
Hosseini, S. A., & Anvari, Z. (2024). Application of new information technologies in plant pathology. Plant Pathology Science, 13(1),135-148.
 Population growth has put significant pressure on the food supply chain, making it even more challenging to ensure that everyone has access to adequate, healthy, and nutritious food. The use of new information technologies based on artificial intelligence in agriculture can play a significant role in increasing the production of healthy plant products and ensuring food security for humans. All plant crops are highly vulnerable to diseases and timely and correct management of diseases is essential to optimize their production. New information technologies such as remote sensing, analysis of plant absorption light spectra, and the use of specialized Internet software for the diagnosis of plant diseases on mobile phones can help in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases, the implementation of a forecasting program and their monitoring to prevent their spread, and the timely implementation of their management methods. The unique applications of these new information technologies in the identification, monitoring and management of plant diseases are described in this article.

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