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Root-lesion and cyst nematodes of vegetable and cucurbits fields in the suburbs of Rumeshkan city, Lorestan province, Iran
Fahima Yarahmadi, Mostafa Darvishnia, Kourosh Azizi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Yarahmadi F, Darvishnia M, Azizi K (2023) Root-lesion and cyst nematodes of vegetable and cucurbits fields in the suburbs of Rumeshkan city, Lorestan province, Iran. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):53-65.
Introduction: Root lesions and cyst nematodes can cause serious damage and loss in vegetable and squash production. This research aimed to identify these important plant parasitic nematodes in the fields of these plants in the suburbs of Rumeshkan city, Lorestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Forty-five soil and root samples were collected from vegetable and squash fields in the region, in 2021. The nematodes were extracted using the tray method and fixed using the modified de Grisse method and transferred to glycerol. After the permanent microscopic slides were prepared, the morphological characteristics of each nematode were examined using a bright-field microscope equipped with a digital camera and then identified using valid keys. Results: The lesion nematodes were identified as Pratylenchus speijeri, P. neglectus and P. thornei and the cyst nematode as Heterodera schachtii. This is the first report and description of P. speijeri from Iran and also the first report of H. schachtii from lettuce in Iran. Conclusion: Due to the presence of these important plant parasitic nematodes on these plants in this region, appropriate management practices need to be implemented.


 
First report of Proleptonchus brevisaccus (Nematoda: Leptonchida) from Iran
Habibeh Jabbari, Gholamreza Niknam, Amin Fllahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Jabbari H, Niknam G, Fallahi A (2023) First report of Proleptonchus brevisaccus (Nematoda: Leptonchida) from Iran. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):86-94.
Abstract: Nematodes are vermiform, with wide host range and geographical distribution, diverse and species-rich multicellular animals, which form a separate phylum in the kingdom of animals with the ability of living and surviving in all habitats. In order to identification of nematodes fauna of Astara- Mishe Sui forest – Gilan province, Iran, several soil samples were collected from sandy areas around a local river during 2014. The nematodes were extracted from samples by usual methods of nematology and after killing and fixing the nematodes were transferred to pure glycerin. Permanent microscopic slides of the nematodes were prepared and their morphological and morphometric characteristics examined using an optical microscope. Among the different feeding groups of nematodes, a population of the family Leptonchidae and the genus Proleptonchus was also obtained. The main character of the genus is having a flask-shaped cheilostome. Using valid references and identification keys, the population was identified as P. brevisaccus. This species belongs to the members of the genus that have short post vulval sac. Based on available literature, P. brevisaccus is a new record for the nematode fauna of Iran and its male is reported and described for the first time.

 

The effect of four herbal compounds on root-knot nematode of kiwi
Forough Kazemian, Salar Jamali, Zohreh Alipour, Seyed Mohsen Nasaj Hosseini,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract

Kazemian F, Jamali S, Alipour Z, Nasaj Hosseini SM (2023) The effect of four herbal compounds on root-knot nematode of kiwi. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):27-40. 

Introduction: Root-knot nematodes damage is one of the major problems in kiwifruit production in northern Iran. This research was carried out to investigate the possibility of using dried leaves of four plants to manage kiwifruit root-knot nematode. Materials and Methods: The soil and roots of diseased kiwifruit from the gardens of Rudsar City, Gilan Province, Iran were sampled and their root knot nematode was purified using the single egg mass method on the early Urbana tomato variety. The morphological characteristics of nematode second stage larvae and females were examined and nematode species were identified. By using the single egg mass technique, the necessary nematode population was reared on the early Urbana tomato. The effect of dry leaves of chrysanthemum, parsley, guava and oleander in two rates of 50 and 75 grams per kilogram of soil was evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates for each treatment on nematode-inoculated kiwi seedlings of Hayward cultivar. Nematode-related indices (number of galls, egg mass, eggs and J2s in 250 g of soil and reproductive factor) and plant growth characteristics (seedling height; root length and volume; fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots) were measured. Results: The root- knot nematode causing the disease in this region was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. In addition to controlling the nematode, the treatments used improved the growth of the kiwi seedlings. The results of the mean comparison of data showed that the treatment of 75 g of chrysanthemum leaves had a greater effect on reducing nematode population indices than other treatments. The next effective treatments were chrysanthemum at the rate of 50g, parsley at the rate of 75g, parsley at the rate of 50g, oleander at the rate of 75g, oleander at the rate of 50g, guava at the rate of 75g and guava at the rate of 50g, respectively. Treatment with 75 g of chrysanthemums also had the greatest effect on improving the growth rate of tomato seedlings. Conclusion: Adding 75g of dry chrysanthemum leaves to each kilogram of soil will help reduce root nematode damage and improve the growth of kiwi seedlings.

The effect of poultry and pigeon manures on pinto bean infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Fatemeh Heidari, Habiballah Charehgani, Mohammad Abdollahi, Ebrahim Adhami,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Heidari, F., Charehgani, H., Abdollahi M., & Adhami E. (2024). The effect of poultry and pigeon manures on pinto bean infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Plant Pathology Science, 13(1), 1-13.
The pinto bean with a considerable amount of protein plays a key role in human life. Plant parasitic nematodes are known to attack pinto bean plants worldwide. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) causes extensive damage to legume fields annually. The use of chemical fertilizers leads to instability in agricultural systems and endangers human health. The use of organic fertilizers can be a suitable alternative. The present study examined the effects of different concentrations of pigeon and poultry manures on M. javanica-infected pinto bean under greenhouse conditions. Poultry and pigeon manures were individually mixed with steam-sterilized soil at three different concentrations [1, 2, and 3% (w/w)] and the soil was poured into the 1.5 kg plastic pot. Pinto bean seeds were sown in pots and the seedlings were watered until the end of the test and fertilized as needed. Seedlings at the four-leaf stage were inoculated with 4000 eggs of M. javanica. The plants were harvested after 60 days and plant growth indices and nematode population indices were determined. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design tests with five repetitions. The results showed that application of 2% poultry manure was the best treatment that increased shoot length, fresh and dry shoot weight, and fresh root weight in nematode-infected plants. In addition, this amount of poultry manure resulted in a reduction in the number of galls, egg mass and eggs in the root system, the number of second stage juveniles in the soil and the reproductive factor compared to the untreated inoculated control. The results of this study showed that under greenhouse conditions, the effect of poultry manure in reducing nematode damage to pinto beans was greater than that of pigeon manure.

Report of nine species of criconematide nematodes from forests of the Mazandaran Province, Iran
Student Sarina Zaker Abbasali, Dr Navazollah Sahebani, Dr Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar, Dr Soheil Karimi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The Mazandaran Province occupies more than half of the area of Hyrcanian forests in the north of Iran and has a very diverse vegetation. In order to be aware of the entry of important plant parasite nematodes into these forests and to prevent their spread to downstream farms and gardens, continuous monitoring and determination of the density of important plant parasite nematodes in this area was necessary. Ninety rhizosphere samples of forest trees, including maple, birch, oak, raspberry, alder, walnut, and hornbeam, were collected from this province in 2020.  Nematodes were extracted from the samples by wet sieving and centrifugation method, and after fixing, permanent slides were prepared from them and their morphological indices were measured and identified using valid keys. Also their frequency in the samples and their population density in 200 cm3 rhizosphere were determined. Nine nematode species from the superfamily Criconematoidea were identified from the rhizosphere of these trees under the following names: Criconemoides informis, Criconemoides parvus, Mesocriconema solivagum, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Crossonema civellae, Crossonema menzeli, Ogma fagini, Xenocriconemella macrodora, and Paratylenchus straeleni. Among these nematodes, C. parvus had the highest frequency, and population density in the rhizosphere of alder trees in the Dohaz forest of this province. Some of these plant parasitic nematodes in high populations, in addition to direct damage to the roots, cause the spread of some plant diseases and exacerbate the effects of frostbite.
 
Morphological and molecular characteristics of two species of Psilnchus (Nematoda: Psilenchidae) from the Taf region of Lorestan province, Iran
Dr. Arezoo Naghavi, Dr. Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar, Dr. Eidi Bazgir, Dr. Zahra Mirzaeipour,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The species of the genus Psilenchus are weak parasites of plants and mosses that feed on hairy roots and epidermal cells of root. Previously, the members of the genus were placed in the family Tylenchidae because of having weak stylet and elongate tail, but because of the didelphys uterus and the presence of phasmid on the tail, they were more similar to the members of the supper family Dolichodoroidea, so “Psilenchidae”, as a new family with two subfamilies Antarctenchinae (Stylet knobbed and vulva with lateral membranes and epiptygma) and Psilenchinae (Stylet not knobbed and vulva without lateral membranes and epiptygma) was established. The genus Psilenchus currently has 21 valid species (only four species have been sequenced), of which 10 species have been recorded from Iran. About 100 samples were collected from the rhizosphere of fruit and forest trees in Taf region of Khoramabad county in 2022 and 2023. The nematodes were extracted using tray method and after fixation, permanent slides were prepared. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the samples were examined, then a molecular study was performed using the D2-D3 28S rDNA marker. Two species, Psilenchus curcumerus and P. vinciguerrae, were identified with one and two sequences, respectively. This is the first report of these two species from the region. These two species were confirmed based on morphometric and morphological characteristics and phylogeny studies.

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