Plant Pathology Science
Volume 14, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2025)
Plant Pathol. Sci. 2025, 14(2): 88-100 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Haghdel M, Mohammadi A H, Moradi M, Heidarian R. (2025). Integrated management of pistachio dieback disease. , Plant Pathol. Sci.. 14(2), 88-100.
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/article-1-490-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/article-1-490-en.html
Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran , ah-mohammadi@pri.ir
Abstract: (39 Views)
Pistachio production, as a strategic product with high economic value, plays a significant role in the agricultural economy of Iran. However, the sustainable production of this product faces numerous challenges, including diseases, one of the most important of which is the Dieback disease of pistachio trees. Pistachio tree dieback, a serious and spreading disease in pistachio orchards, has been intensified by climate change, reduced quality and quantity of irrigation water, and improper orchard management, making it a major challenge in pistachio orchards. Dieback is a complex physiological-pathological disorder that is accompanied by symptoms such as drying of the branches and a severe reduction in yield, ultimately leading to tree death and causing significant economic losses. The fungus Paecilomyces formosus, along with abiotic factors such as water stress, soil salinity, nutrient deficiencies, and environmental stresses, plays a significant role in the occurrence and severity of dieback in pistachio trees. Successful management of dieback requires the precise and timely identification of the causal agents and the coordinated implementation of an integrated management program based on prevention, strengthening trees, and targeted control of pathogenic factors.
Type of Study: Extentional |
Subject:
Plants Diseases Management Methods
Received: 2026/04/13 | Accepted: 2026/08/28 | Published: 2026/11/1
Received: 2026/04/13 | Accepted: 2026/08/28 | Published: 2026/11/1
References
1. Abdolahi Ezzatabadi, M., Moradi, M, Sedaghat, R. & Hasheminasab, H. (2021). Investigation the Successful Application of Knowledge and Experience of Farmers for Control of Pistachio Die-back Disorder. Journal of Pistachio Science and Technology, 5(10), 1-20. [In Persian]
2. Aeini, M., Parizipour, M.H.G., OmodiNasab, M., Heidari, M. & Fazliarab, A. (2024). Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) canker caused by Pantoea agglomerans. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 168, 261-272. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-023-02751-7]
3. Afrousheh, M., Mohammadi, A.H., Tajabadipour, A., Hasheminasab, H. & Arab, H. (2021). Evaluation of rootstocks and interspecific hybrids of pistachio (Pistacia sp.) under colf stress condition. Journal of Pistachio Science and Technology, 5(10), 86-105.
4. Alaei, H., Alizadeh, A., & Ershad, D. (1998). Etiological study on die-back disease of pistachio trees in Rafsanjan. Proceedings of the 13th Iranian plant protection Congress, Karaj, p:23 (In Persian with English Abstract)
5. Alizadeh, A., Alaei, H., & Ershad, D. (2000). Etiological study on dieback disease of pistachio trees in Rafsanjan. Journal of Modares Agricultural Sciences, 1(2), 53-63.
6. Amanifar, N., Babaei, G., & Mohammadi, A.H. (2019). Xylella fastidiosa causes leaf scorch of pistachio (Pistacia vera) in Iran. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 58(2),369-378. [DOI:10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediter-10623]
7. Aminaei, M.M. & Ershad, D. (1989). Pistachio dieback disease in Kerman province. Proceedings of 9th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 8-13 Sept., Mashhad, Iran. P. 82.
8. Ashkan, M., Abusaidi, D. & Ershad, D. (1997). Etiological study of dieback and canker of pistachio nut tree in Rafsanjan. Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 33,15-26. [In Persian]
9. Baradaran G.R., & Ghasemi, A. (2010). Introducing Bacillus licheniformis as the causal agent of pistachio dieback in Iran. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 43(6), 597-601. [DOI:10.1080/03235400801972368]
10. Fani, S. R., Moradi, M., & Mirabolfathy. M. (2019). A Review of the Pistachio Gummosis Disease. Plant Pathology Science, 8(2):16-30. doi:10.29252/pps.8.2.16 [In Persian] [DOI:10.29252/pps.8.2.16]
11. Ghelichi, M., Mohammadi, A., Haghdel, M., & Eskandari, A. (2012). Distribution of pistachio die-back in Khorasan-Razavi province and application of some fungicides for the disease control. International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences, 3(1), 23-28.
12. Haghdel, M. (2008). Pistachio die back disease in Iran.1st ed., Iranian Pistachio Research Institute, Rafsanjan, Iran. [In Persian]
13. Heidarian, R., Fotouhifar, K-B., Debets, A.J.M., & Aanen, D.K., (2018b). Phylogeny of Paecilomyces, the causal agent of pistachio and some other trees dieback disease in Iran. PLoS One, 24,13(7): e0200794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200794. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0200794]
14. Heidarian, R., Fotouhifar, K-b., Mohammadi, A. & Javan NikKhah, M. (2018a). Identification of mating type idiomorphs in Paecilomyces formosus, the causal agent of die-back disease in pistachio and some other hosts and investigation on the possibility of in vitro sexual reproduction. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science, 48(2), 295-305. doi: 10.22059/ijpps.2018.65560 [In Persian]
15. Khosravi Moghadam, F., Sabbagh, S.K. , Aminaei, M.M. & Ebrahimi, S. (2015). Identification and distribution of Paecilomyces species isolated from the branches of pistachio trees in Iran (Short communication). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 82(2), 181-184. doi: 10.22092/jaep.2015.100704 [In Persian]
16. Mehrnejad, M.R. (2014). The pests of pistachio trees in Iran, natural enemies and control. Spehr Publication Center, 271p. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1028.30]
17. Mohammadi, A.H., Haghdel, M., Mirabolfathy, M., Alaei, H. (2022). Armillaria root and crown rot disease in pistachio orchards. Plant Pathology Science, 11(2), 92-102. doi:10.52547/pps.11.2.92. [In Persian] [DOI:10.52547/pps.11.2.92]
18. Mohammadi, A.H., Haghdel, M., Mohammadi Moghaddam, M., & Banihashemi, Z. (2006). Current status of Verticillium wilt disease of pistachio trees in Iran. Acta Horticulturae, 726, 631-636. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.726.108]
19. Mohammadi, H., Sarcheshmehpour, M. & Mafi, E. 2015. Fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of pistachio trees in Iran. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 13:1-10 [DOI:10.5424/sjar/2015132-6560]
20. Moral, J., Morgan, D., Trapero, A., & Michailides, T. J. (2019). Ecology and epidemiology of diseases of nut crops and olives caused by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi in California and Spain. Plant Disease, 103(8), 1809-1827. [DOI:10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0622-FE]
21. Mozaffari, V., Malakouti, M.J., Kholdebarin, B. & Bybordi, M. (2006). Investigation of some Causes of Die-back Disorder of Pistachio Trees and its Control through Balanced Fertilization in Southern Iran. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 19(2), 151-161. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2006.127439 [In Persian]
22. Rostami, F. , Sabbagh, S.K. , Panjehkeh, N. & Pirnia, M. (2017). Genetic diversity and pathogenicity among Paecilomyces formosus isolates the causal agent of pistachio dieback in Khorasan Razavi and Yazd provinces. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science, 48(1), 151-160. doi: 10.22059/ijpps.2017.213177.1006728 [In Persian]
23. Samson, R.A., Houbraken, J., Varga, J., & Frisvad, J.C. (2009). Polyphasic taxonomy of the heat resistant ascomycete genus Byssochlamys and its Paecilomyces anamorphs. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 22:14-27. doi: 10.3767/003158509X418925 [DOI:10.3767/003158509X418925]
24. Sohrabi, M., Mohammadi, H., León, M., Armengol, J., & Banihashemi, Z. (2020). Fungal pathogens associated with branch and trunk cankers of nut crops in Iran. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 157(2), 327-351 [DOI:10.1007/s10658-020-01996-w]
25. Tajabadipour, A. & Afrousheh, M. (2025). Effect of Dormex® Application on Flowering Time and Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Akbari Pistachio Cultivar. Journal of Nuts, 16 (1), 1-13.
26. Tarighi, S., & Rahimian, H. (2001). Canker and leaf spot of pistachio caused by Xanthomonas sp. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 37, 161-162. [In Persian]
27. Tavasoli, E., Moradi, M., Hasanzadeh, N., Khodaygan, P., & Probst, C.(2024). Bacterial species as causative agents involved in pistachios dieback in Iran. Journal of Nuts, 15(4), 343-366. DOI: 10.22034/jon.2023.1990364.1239 [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2902589/v1]
28. Teviotdale, B.L., Michailides, T.J. & Pscheidt. J.W. (2002). Compendium of Nut Crop Diseases in Temperate Zone. APS Press, MN,USA, 89pp.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |