Volume 12, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2023)
Plant Pathol. Sci. 2023, 12(2): 1-10 |
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Bavand M, Sadravi M, Charehgani H. (2023). Screening of fifteen tomato varieties for resistance to early blight disease. Plant Pathol. Sci.. 12(2), 1-10.
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/article-1-420-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/article-1-420-en.html
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. , msadravi@yu.ac.ir
Abstract: (609 Views)
Bavand, M., Sadravi, M., & Charehgani, H. (2023). Screening of fifteen tomato varieties for resistance to early blight disease. Plant Pathology Science 12(2),1-10.
Introduction: Early blight caused by Alternaria species is one of the major tomato diseases worldwide, causing losses of up to 86% of yield. Identifying and cultivating resistant varieties is the best method for disease management. Considering the prevalence and importance of diseases in Iran, this study was conducted to identify resistant cultivars among 15 available varieties. Materials and Methods: In Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in southwestern Iran, a severely affected tomato field by the disease was visited and samples of the diseased plants were taken. The pathogenic fungus was isolated on potato dextrose agar medium from the diseased tissues of the plant after their surface disinfection and after its purification by the single spore method and its morphological properties were examined and measured. The collected data were compared with the descriptions of Alternaria species and based on that, the pathogen was identified. Seedlings of 15 tomato varieties were inoculated with a conidia suspension at the 4-leaf stage in a completely randomized statistical design and maintained in a growth chamber with a temperature of 28oC, relative humidity of 90%, and a photoperiod of 16 hours of light and eight hours of darkness. Eighteen days after inoculation, the response of each cultivar to the disease was determined by calculating the percentage of infected leaves as well as the number and size of spots, and the disease index. Results: Alternaria alternata has been identified as the cause of early blight in tomatoes in this region. Varieties 10552, King Stone, Super Chief and Ventero with minimal symptoms were scored as resistant; 4129, 3725, 4224, Retino, Aras, Flat 111 and Super Pooya as semi-resistant and 7806, Early Pooya, 11057 and CH Pooya were known to be susceptible to the disease. Conclusion: Cultivation of resistant or semi-resistant varieties can be recommended for disease control. The occurrence of tomato blight disease caused by A. alternata is reporting here for the first time from the region.
Introduction: Early blight caused by Alternaria species is one of the major tomato diseases worldwide, causing losses of up to 86% of yield. Identifying and cultivating resistant varieties is the best method for disease management. Considering the prevalence and importance of diseases in Iran, this study was conducted to identify resistant cultivars among 15 available varieties. Materials and Methods: In Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in southwestern Iran, a severely affected tomato field by the disease was visited and samples of the diseased plants were taken. The pathogenic fungus was isolated on potato dextrose agar medium from the diseased tissues of the plant after their surface disinfection and after its purification by the single spore method and its morphological properties were examined and measured. The collected data were compared with the descriptions of Alternaria species and based on that, the pathogen was identified. Seedlings of 15 tomato varieties were inoculated with a conidia suspension at the 4-leaf stage in a completely randomized statistical design and maintained in a growth chamber with a temperature of 28oC, relative humidity of 90%, and a photoperiod of 16 hours of light and eight hours of darkness. Eighteen days after inoculation, the response of each cultivar to the disease was determined by calculating the percentage of infected leaves as well as the number and size of spots, and the disease index. Results: Alternaria alternata has been identified as the cause of early blight in tomatoes in this region. Varieties 10552, King Stone, Super Chief and Ventero with minimal symptoms were scored as resistant; 4129, 3725, 4224, Retino, Aras, Flat 111 and Super Pooya as semi-resistant and 7806, Early Pooya, 11057 and CH Pooya were known to be susceptible to the disease. Conclusion: Cultivation of resistant or semi-resistant varieties can be recommended for disease control. The occurrence of tomato blight disease caused by A. alternata is reporting here for the first time from the region.
References
1. Ahmadizadeh Esfahani, A., Sadravi, M., & Kazemi, S. (2019). Effect of nano-chitosan on early blight disease of tomato. Plant Pathology Science, 8(2), 102-109.
2. doi: 10.2982/PPS.8.2.102.
Adhikari, P., Oh, Y., & Panthee, D. R. (2017). Current status of early blight resistance in tomato: an update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(10), 2019-2041.
Alizadeh-Moghaddam, G., Rezayatmand, Z., Nasr-Esfahani, M. & Khozaei, M. (2019). Bio-genetic analysis of resistance in tomato to early blight disease, Alternaria alternata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 142, 500-509.
3. Chaerani, R., & Voorrips, R. E. (2006). Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): The pathogen, genetics and breeding for resistance. Journal of General PlantPathology, 72, 335-347.
4. Ershad, D. (2009). Fungi of Iran. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, 558pp.
5. Foolad, M. R., Merk, H. L. & Ashrafi, H. (2008). Genetics, genomics and breeding of late blight and early blight resistance in tomato. Critical Reviews in PlantSciences, 27, 75-107.
6. Gannibal, P. B., Orina, A. S., Mironenko, N. V. & Levitin, M. M. (2014). Differentiation of the closely related species, Alternaria solani and A. tomatophila, by molecular and morphological features and aggressiveness. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 139, 609-623.
7. Hajianfar, R., & Zarbakhsh, A.A.J. (2010). Response of tomato genotypes to Alternaria stem canker. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 26-1, 437-449.
8. Khansha, M., Barzegar, F., & Hamzehzarghani, H. (2012). Introduction TOMCAST forecasting system for chemical control of tomato early blight disease. Plant Pathology Science, 1(2), 10-20.
9. Lou, J., Fu, L., Peng, Y., & Zhou, L. (2013). Metabolites from Alternaria fungi and their bioactivities. Molecules, 18(5), 5891-5935.
10. Pandey, K. K., Pandey, P. K., Kalloo, G., & Banerjee, M. K. (2003). Resistance to early blight of tomato with respect to various parameters of disease epidemics. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 69(6), 364-371. [DOI:10.1007/s10327-003-0074-7]
11. Rotem, J. (1994). The genus Alternaria: biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, USA, 326pp.
12. Sadravi, M., & Setayeshmehr, F. (2008). Fungal diseases of tomato in North Khorasan province and the reaction of four commercial cultivars to their pathogens. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 44, 355-361.
13. Sharma, O. P., Pruthi, S., Mohan, G., Kaur, M. & Kumara, M. (2020). Assessment of fungicides against early blight of tomato induced by Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) under field conditions. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(6), 693-696.
14. Sufejalian, N. K. (1991). Early blight of tomato and its chemical control in Jiroft and Bam area. Abstract book of 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mshhad, Iran, p:118.
15. Thomma, B.P. (2003). Alternaria spp.: from general saprophyte to specific parasite. Molecular Plant Pathology, 4(4), 225-236.
16. Woudenberg, J. H. C., Seidl, M. F., Groenewald, J. Z., De Vries, M., Stielow, J. B., Thomma, B. P. H. J., & Crous, P. W. (2015). Alternaria section Alternaria: Species, formae speciales or pathotypes?. Studies in Mycology, 82(1), 1-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.07.001]
17. Ahmadizadeh Esfahani, A., Sadravi, M., & Kazemi, S. (2019). Effect of nano-chitosan on early blight disease of tomato. Plant Pathology Science, 8(2), 102-109.
18. doi: 10.2982/PPS.8.2.102.
19. Adhikari, P., Oh, Y., & Panthee, D. R. (2017). Current status of early blight resistance in tomato: an update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(10), 2019-2041.
20. Alizadeh-Moghaddam, G., Rezayatmand, Z., Nasr-Esfahani, M. & Khozaei, M. (2019). Bio-genetic analysis of resistance in tomato to early blight disease, Alternaria alternata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 142, 500-509.
21. Chaerani, R., & Voorrips, R. E. (2006). Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): The pathogen, genetics and breeding for resistance. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 72, 335-347.
22. Ershad, D. (2009). Fungi of Iran. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, 558pp.
23. Foolad, M. R., Merk, H. L. & Ashrafi, H. (2008). Genetics, genomics and breeding of late blight and early blight resistance in tomato. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 27, 75-107.
24. Gannibal, P. B., Orina, A. S., Mironenko, N. V. & Levitin, M. M. (2014). Differentiation of the closely related species, Alternaria solani and A. tomatophila, by molecular and morphological features and aggressiveness. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 139, 609-623.
25. Hajianfar, R., & Zarbakhsh, A.A.J. (2010). Response of tomato genotypes to Alternaria stem canker. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 26-1, 437-449.
26. Khansha, M., Barzegar, F., & Hamzehzarghani, H. (2012). Introduction TOMCAST forecasting system for chemical control of tomato early blight disease. Plant Pathology Science, 1(2), 10-20.
27. Lou, J., Fu, L., Peng, Y., & Zhou, L. (2013). Metabolites from Alternaria fungi and their bioactivities. Molecules, 18(5), 5891-5935.
28. Pandey, K. K., Pandey, P. K., Kalloo, G., & Banerjee, M. K. (2003). Resistance to early blight of tomato with respect to various parameters of disease epidemics. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 69(6), 364-371. [DOI:10.1007/s10327-003-0074-7]
29. Rotem, J. (1994). The genus Alternaria: biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, USA, 326pp.
30. Sadravi, M., & Setayeshmehr, F. (2008). Fungal diseases of tomato in North Khorasan province and the reaction of four commercial cultivars to their pathogens. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 44, 355-361.
31. Sharma, O. P., Pruthi, S., Mohan, G., Kaur, M. & Kumara, M. (2020). Assessment of fungicides against early blight of tomato induced by Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) under field conditions. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(6), 693-696.
32. Sufejalian, N. K. (1991). Early blight of tomato and its chemical control in Jiroft and Bam area. Abstract book of 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mshhad, Iran, p:118.
33. Thomma, B.P. (2003). Alternaria spp.: from general saprophyte to specific parasite. Molecular Plant Pathology, 4(4), 225-236.
34. Woudenberg, J. H. C., Seidl, M. F., Groenewald, J. Z., De Vries, M., Stielow, J. B., Thomma, B. P. H. J., & Crous, P. W. (2015). Alternaria section Alternaria: Species, formae speciales or pathotypes?. Studies in Mycology, 82(1), 1-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.07.001]
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