Search published articles
Volume 2, Issue 1 (9-2015)
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aspect on woody species structure and diversity in the Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) site, Dashtak area, Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahamd province in western Iran. Measurements were carried out in 3 elevation classes range from 2200 m to 2400 m a.s.l. Then, three sampling plots with area of 2500- m2 were selected in each elevation class. In total, five tree species, including Quercus brantii, Crataegusdavisii, Pistacia atlantica. Subsp. mutica, Lonicera nummulariifolia and Amygdalus communisand three shrub species such as Cerasus microcarpa, Amygdalus orientalis and Daphne mucronata were identified in the study area. In regeneration and tree layers the sum of basal area and average of regeneration's density was higher in southwestern aspect and belonged to Quercus brantii. The results of diversity indices in the tree layer indicated that the average of H’ (Shannon-Wiener index), Evar (Smith-Wilson index) and species richness were higher in southwestern aspect than in the northeastern aspects. In addition, the values of all diversity, evenness and richness indices were significantly higher in southwestern aspect the in shrub and regeneration layers. In general, the results indicated that the diversity indices increased under favorable conditions of ecological, environmental and structural factors. Furthermore, livestock access and exploitation of local people should be restricted off, providing favorable conditions in order to increase the diversity of species.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Although Quercus brantii Lindl. has shown suitable genetic variation in Iran, which is required for a sustainable forest ecosystem, but during the last decade, it came across some difficulties which are considered as oak decline. This research investigated seedling characteristics of four plant populations of the Quercus brantii species to assess genetic potentials of the populations to base a cornerstone for complimentary studies. Seeds were collected on ten single trees for each of plant population located in Kurdistan, Lorestan, Ilam, and Fars provinces in Iran. Seeds were sown in pots at greenhouse conditions to produce at least 30 single progeny seedlings from each population with three replications were studied. Vegetative characteristics such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and plant vigor were studied on the single plants. Data were analyzed based on a double nested statistical model, and then the data were analyzed on each population separately. Results indicated significant differences between the studied populations based on seedling height and plant vigor. Plant within population, showing possible differences between the single trees within the populations, was also significant for seedling height, leaf length and leaf width. In population based analysis, the populations showed different behaviors, so as there was not significant effects between single plants in Kurdistan population for plant height and leaf traits; whereas, in Lorestan and Ilam populations significant effects for the mentioned traits were observed. Although the populations showed different characteristics at seedling stage, but it is sought that there are still enough genetic variability and the high heritability that might be used in future breeding projects.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (9-2016)
Phenology studies can be appliedin sustainable management, protection, rehabilitation, development, and utilization of forest resources. In this study, the phenology of Persian oak was investigated in three forested areas of Mamasani, Dasht-e-Arjan and Kamfirouz with 2300 m,2100 m,1800 m altitude, respectively in south –west and north of Fars province, Iran. In each area, ninetrees were visited repeatedlyat different times in different seasons during 5 years (1998-2002) and the observed characteristics were recorded. The results showed the stages of growth were completely different at the threementioned areas. The shoots sprouted up in the second week of March to the first week of April. The full leaf formation happened in the second week of April to the fourth week of April. The early flowers appeared in the second week of March to the fourth week April. Pollination occurred in the third week of March to the third week in April. The leaves began to fall in the fourth week of October to the fourth week of December. So characteristics of phenology in Persian oak were affected by climate and environmental factors.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Background and objectives: Cold is one of the severe and limiting environmental stresses in forest ecosystems, particularly in temperate regions. With climate change affecting plant phenology and altering cold resistance in spring and autumn (notably in seedlings), it is crucial to identify species and genotypes that exhibit resilience. Therefore, this study focused on assessing the cold tolerance of seedlings from three species: Quercus brantii, Q. infectoria, and Q. libani, and examining how this tolerance relates to their phenological traits, such as bud burst and leaf senescence.
Materials and methods: Seeds from 54 mother trees were collected from the Baneh forest region (located in the Northern Zagros, characterized by higher altitude, latitude, and colder temperatures) and sown in a communal garden in Yasuj (found in the Southern Zagros, with lower altitude, latitude, and warmer conditions) for two years. Various phenological parameters (including the timing, rate, and speed of leaf bud burst and leaf senescence) as well as survival rates and damage of the terminal bud of the seedlings were recorded and analyzed at different time intervals using statistical methods such as repeated measures analysis of variance, Duncan's test, and Pearson correlation.
Results: The results of this research indicated that seedlings of different oak species exhibit notable differences in leaf bud burst speed, damage to seedlings, and survival rates. Specifically, the Q. brantii opened its buds approximately 3-4 days earlier and more rapidly, while, it showed the least damage to the terminal bud and the highest survival rate. In contrast, the Q. infectoria opened its buds later and more slowly than other species and suffered the most damage to the terminal bud and had the lowest survival rate. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that seedlings with faster bud opening in the early growing season tend to have more terminal bud damage but also higher survival rates. Furthermore, the results of leaf senescence also showed that there was no significant difference among the three species in two years, although a positive correlation between the speed of bud burst and the leaf senescence.
Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest that the Q. brantii exhibits greater resistance to late spring frosts due to its favorable phenology (earlier and faster bud burst) and reduced bud susceptibility to cold. Consequently, it is less affected by late spring frosts associated with climate change compared to the other two species studied. Therefore, it is recommended to planted the Q. infectoria and Q. libani species more in the higher and cooler regions of the Zagros, and to select seeds from genotypes that have a later bud burst in spring for breeding programs.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Materials and methods: To investigate the impact of spectral indices derived from the spectral library on distinguishing the region's dominant species, this study was conducted in three forest areas: two pure types and one mixed type. These areas were Mishan (pure oak), Kate-Siah (pure pistachio), and Vandun (mixed oak-pistachio cover) in Flard County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Three different classification scenarios were used. In Scenario 1, only Sentinel-2 images from October 15, 2024, were classified for all three study areas. In Scenario 2, in addition to the sensor's main bands, general spectral indices—NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI, GNDVI, and EVI—were applied to the Sentinel-2 data and incorporated into the classification process. These indices, respectively, assess greenness, reduce soil background effects, measure chlorophyll health, and enhance sensitivity to dense canopies. In Scenario 3, besides the main bands, specialized spectral indices—PRI, CRI, MCRI, CAI, NDVI800, NPCI, RENDVI, and ARI—extracted from the spectral library data of the oak and pistachio species were included in the classification process. Data classification in all three areas was performed using three supervised algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), and Minimum Distance (MinDist).
Accuracy was assessed using a ground truth map, the Kappa coefficient, and overall accuracy criteria.
Results: Results indicated that in Scenario 1, the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm performed best with overall accuracies and Kappa coefficients of 98.4% and 0.71 in Mishan, 77.5% and 0.32 in Kate-Siah, and 86.7% and 0.67 in Vandun, respectively. In Scenario 2, the same algorithm was best in Mishan (97.7% overall accuracy, 0.65 Kappa coefficient) and Kate-Siah (75.9% overall accuracy, 0.38 Kappa coefficient). However, in Vandun, the SVM algorithm was superior, achieving an overall accuracy of 77.9% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.57. In Scenario 3, accuracy assessment results demonstrated that the SVM algorithm reported the highest accuracy in all three regions: Mishan (99.2% overall accuracy, 0.81 Kappa coefficient), Kate-Siah (98.2% overall accuracy, 0.74 Kappa coefficient), and Vandun (89.0% overall accuracy, 0.67 Kappa coefficient). A comparison of the three scenarios showed that specialized spectral indices derived from the spectral library were more effective in increasing classification accuracy than general indices. Despite the high accuracy of the algorithms, limitations such as spectral similarity between soil and vegetation in low-density areas affected the results.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, integrating valid spectral data with machine learning algorithms is an effective tool for preparing detailed forest cover maps. Using a spectral library alongside Sentinel-2 imagery enables more accurate discrimination of forest. The SVM algorithm is a suitable option for classifying forest types in areas with dense cover and complex structures. The findings of this research are applicable to conservation-management planning and the continuous monitoring of Zagros Forest ecosystems.
| Page 1 from 1 |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
نشریه, Academic Journal, Scientific Article, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره دو, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه دوVote
© 2026 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Forest Ecosystems Research
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb