1. Ameray, A., Bergeron, Y., Valeria, O., Montoro Girona, M. & Cavard, X. 2021. Forest carbon management: A review of silvicultural practices and management strategies across boreal, temperate and tropical forests. Current Forestry Reports, 7(4): 245-266.
2. Bouriaud, O., Don, A., Janssens, I.A., Marin, G. & Schulze, E.D. 2019. Effects of forest management on biomass stocks in Romanian beech forests. Forest Ecosystems, 6(1): 19
3. Bradley, R.L., Titus, B.D. & Hogg, K. 2001. Does shelterwood harvesting have less impact on forest floor nutrient availability and microbial properties than clearcutting? Biology and fertility of soils, 34(3): 162-169.
4. Brown, S.A.N.D.R.A. & Lugo, A.E. 1992. Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon. Interciencia. Caracas, 17(1): 8-18.
5. Castaño-Santamaría, J., Barrio-Anta, M. & Álvarez-Álvarez, P. 2013. Potential above ground biomass production and total tree carbon sequestration in the major forest species in NW Spain. International Forestry Review, 15(3): 273-289.
6. Castaño-Santamaría, J., Uhl, E., Biber, P., Müller, J., Rötzer, T. & Pretzsch, H., 2017. Effect of forest stand management on species composition, structural diversity, and productivity in the temperate zone of Europe. European Journal of Forest Research, 136(4): 739-766.
7. Dobrosavljević, J., Kanjevac, B. & Marković, Č. 2025. Microclimate Shifts and Leaf Miner Community Responses to Shelterwood Regeneration in Sessile Oak Forests. Forests, 16(5):739.
8. Duncker, P.S., Barreiro, S.M., Hengeveld, G.M., Lind, T., Mason, W.L., Ambrozy, S., & Spiecker, H. 2012. Classification of forest management approaches: a new conceptual framework and its applicability to European forestry. Ecology and Society, 17(4)
9. Hassanzad Navroodi, I. & Seyedzadeh, H. 2013. Effects of shelterwood method on some important forest stands features in Shafarood district nine of Guilan. Iranian Forests Ecology, 1(2):.41-56. [In Persian]
10. Li, P., Liu, X., Wang, C., Lu, Y., Luo, L., Tao, L., Xiao, T. & Liu, Y. 2024. The Carbon Storage of Reforestation Plantings on Degraded Lands of the Red Soil Region, Jiangxi Province, China. Forests, 15(2): 320.
11. Luyssaert, S., Hessenmöller, D., von Lüpke, N., Kaiser, S. & Schulze, E.D. 2011. Quantifying land use and disturbance intensity in forestry, based on the self‐thinning relationship. Ecological Applications, 21(8): 3272-3284.
12. Mason, W.L., Diaci, J., Carvalho, J. & Valkonen, S. 2022. Continuous cover forestry in Europe: usage and the knowledge gaps and challenges to wider adoption. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 95(1): 1-12.
13. Naudts, K., Chen, Y., McGrath, M.J., Ryder, J., Valade, A., Otto, J. & Luyssaert, S. 2016. Europe's forest management did not mitigate climate warming. Science, 351(6273): 597-600.
14. Navar, J. 2009. Allometric equations for tree species and carbon stocks for forests of northwestern Mexico. Forest ecology and Management, 257(2): 427-434.
15. Pokhrel, N., Timilsina, S., Awasthi, N., Adhikari, A., Adhikari, B., Ayer, S. & Bhatta, K.P. 2024. Implications of irregular shelterwood system on regeneration and species diversity of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forest in Nepal. Heliyon, 10(1).
16. Poudel, A., Ayer, S., Joshi, R., Gautam, J., Timilsina, S., Khadka, K., Bhatta, K.P. & Maharjan, M. 2024. Effect of the irregular shelterwood system on soil organic carbon stock and soil quality of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. forest in Nepal. Heliyon, 10(15).
17. Pourazimi, M. 2016. Estimation and comparison of forest land carbon storage in unmanaged and managed stands of Dr. Bahramnia forestry plan using LIDAR, radar and aerial digital camera data. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Thesis, 177 p. (In Persian)
18. Pretzsch, H., Biber, P., Schütze, G. & Bielak, K. 2014. Changes of forest stand dynamics in Europe. Facts from long-term observational plots and their relevance for forest ecology and management. Forest Ecology and Management, 316: 65-77.
19. Pussinen, A., Karjalainen, T., Mäkipää, R., Valsta, L. & Kellomäki, S. 2002. Forest carbon sequestration and harvests in Scots pine stand under different climate and nitrogen deposition scenarios. Forest Ecology and management, 158(1-3): 103-115.
20. Ranatunga, K., Keenan, R.J., Wullschleger, S.D., Post, W.M. & Tharp, M.L. 2008. Effects of harvest management practices on forest biomass and soil carbon in eucalypt forests in New South Wales, Australia: Simulations with the forest succession model LINKAGES. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(7): 2407-2415.
21. Raymond, P. & Bédard, S. 2017. The irregular shelterwood system as an alternative to clearcutting to achieve compositional and structural objectives in temperate mixedwood stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 398: 91-100.
22. Reyes, G., Brown, S., Chapman, J. & Lugo, A.E. 1992. Wood densities of tropical tree species. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report SO-88, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. 32p.
23. Rezaei Sangdehi, S.M.M., Moslemi, S.M. & Tafazoli, M. 2017. Comparing the forest quantitative and qualitative characteristics following a period of forestry plan implementation (Case study: Watershed 65, Jojadeh zone of Farim Company, Mazandaran province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 24(4): 723-713. [In Persian]
24. Trerise, B., Keeton, W.S., Sousa-Silva, R. & Searle, E.B. 2025. The irregular shelterwood silviculture system and managing for stand complexity from a North American perspective. Forest Ecology and Management, 585: 122667.
25. Vosoughian, A. & Shojaei Shimi, A. 2017. Structure and regeneration of forest trees in harvested and unharvested stands (Case study: Darabkola Forest, Sari). Iranian Journal of Natural Ecosystems, 7 (4): 69-82.
26. Zhou, L., Wang, S., Kindermann, G., Yu, G., Huang, M., Mickler, R., Kraxner, F., Shi, H. & Gong, Y. 2013. Carbon dynamics in woody biomass of forest ecosystem in China with forest management practices under future climate change and rising CO2 concentration. Chinese Geographical Science, 23(5): 519-536. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0622-9
27. Ameray, A., Bergeron, Y., Valeria, O., Montoro Girona, M. & Cavard, X. 2021. Forest carbon management: A review of silvicultural practices and management strategies across boreal, temperate and tropical forests. Current Forestry Reports, 7(4): 245-266.
28. Bouriaud, O., Don, A., Janssens, I.A., Marin, G. & Schulze, E.D. 2019. Effects of forest management on biomass stocks in Romanian beech forests. Forest Ecosystems, 6(1): 19
29. Bradley, R.L., Titus, B.D. & Hogg, K. 2001. Does shelterwood harvesting have less impact on forest floor nutrient availability and microbial properties than clearcutting? Biology and fertility of soils, 34(3): 162-169.
30. Brown, S.A.N.D.R.A. & Lugo, A.E. 1992. Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon. Interciencia. Caracas, 17(1): 8-18.
31. Castaño-Santamaría, J., Barrio-Anta, M. & Álvarez-Álvarez, P. 2013. Potential above ground biomass production and total tree carbon sequestration in the major forest species in NW Spain. International Forestry Review, 15(3): 273-289.
32. Castaño-Santamaría, J., Uhl, E., Biber, P., Müller, J., Rötzer, T. & Pretzsch, H., 2017. Effect of forest stand management on species composition, structural diversity, and productivity in the temperate zone of Europe. European Journal of Forest Research, 136(4): 739-766.
33. Dobrosavljević, J., Kanjevac, B. & Marković, Č. 2025. Microclimate Shifts and Leaf Miner Community Responses to Shelterwood Regeneration in Sessile Oak Forests. Forests, 16(5):739.
34. Duncker, P.S., Barreiro, S.M., Hengeveld, G.M., Lind, T., Mason, W.L., Ambrozy, S., & Spiecker, H. 2012. Classification of forest management approaches: a new conceptual framework and its applicability to European forestry. Ecology and Society, 17(4)
35. Hassanzad Navroodi, I. & Seyedzadeh, H. 2013. Effects of shelterwood method on some important forest stands features in Shafarood district nine of Guilan. Iranian Forests Ecology, 1(2):.41-56. [In Persian]
36. Li, P., Liu, X., Wang, C., Lu, Y., Luo, L., Tao, L., Xiao, T. & Liu, Y. 2024. The Carbon Storage of Reforestation Plantings on Degraded Lands of the Red Soil Region, Jiangxi Province, China. Forests, 15(2): 320.
37. Luyssaert, S., Hessenmöller, D., von Lüpke, N., Kaiser, S. & Schulze, E.D. 2011. Quantifying land use and disturbance intensity in forestry, based on the self‐thinning relationship. Ecological Applications, 21(8): 3272-3284.
38. Mason, W.L., Diaci, J., Carvalho, J. & Valkonen, S. 2022. Continuous cover forestry in Europe: usage and the knowledge gaps and challenges to wider adoption. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 95(1): 1-12.
39. Naudts, K., Chen, Y., McGrath, M.J., Ryder, J., Valade, A., Otto, J. & Luyssaert, S. 2016. Europe's forest management did not mitigate climate warming. Science, 351(6273): 597-600.
40. Navar, J. 2009. Allometric equations for tree species and carbon stocks for forests of northwestern Mexico. Forest ecology and Management, 257(2): 427-434.
41. Pokhrel, N., Timilsina, S., Awasthi, N., Adhikari, A., Adhikari, B., Ayer, S. & Bhatta, K.P. 2024. Implications of irregular shelterwood system on regeneration and species diversity of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forest in Nepal. Heliyon, 10(1).
42. Poudel, A., Ayer, S., Joshi, R., Gautam, J., Timilsina, S., Khadka, K., Bhatta, K.P. & Maharjan, M. 2024. Effect of the irregular shelterwood system on soil organic carbon stock and soil quality of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. forest in Nepal. Heliyon, 10(15).
43. Pourazimi, M. 2016. Estimation and comparison of forest land carbon storage in unmanaged and managed stands of Dr. Bahramnia forestry plan using LIDAR, radar and aerial digital camera data. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Thesis, 177 p. (In Persian)
44. Pretzsch, H., Biber, P., Schütze, G. & Bielak, K. 2014. Changes of forest stand dynamics in Europe. Facts from long-term observational plots and their relevance for forest ecology and management. Forest Ecology and Management, 316: 65-77.
45. Pussinen, A., Karjalainen, T., Mäkipää, R., Valsta, L. & Kellomäki, S. 2002. Forest carbon sequestration and harvests in Scots pine stand under different climate and nitrogen deposition scenarios. Forest Ecology and management, 158(1-3): 103-115.
46. Ranatunga, K., Keenan, R.J., Wullschleger, S.D., Post, W.M. & Tharp, M.L. 2008. Effects of harvest management practices on forest biomass and soil carbon in eucalypt forests in New South Wales, Australia: Simulations with the forest succession model LINKAGES. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(7): 2407-2415.
47. Raymond, P. & Bédard, S. 2017. The irregular shelterwood system as an alternative to clearcutting to achieve compositional and structural objectives in temperate mixedwood stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 398: 91-100.
48. Reyes, G., Brown, S., Chapman, J. & Lugo, A.E. 1992. Wood densities of tropical tree species. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report SO-88, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. 32p.
49. Rezaei Sangdehi, S.M.M., Moslemi, S.M. & Tafazoli, M. 2017. Comparing the forest quantitative and qualitative characteristics following a period of forestry plan implementation (Case study: Watershed 65, Jojadeh zone of Farim Company, Mazandaran province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 24(4): 723-713. [In Persian]
50. Trerise, B., Keeton, W.S., Sousa-Silva, R. & Searle, E.B. 2025. The irregular shelterwood silviculture system and managing for stand complexity from a North American perspective. Forest Ecology and Management, 585: 122667.
51. Vosoughian, A. & Shojaei Shimi, A. 2017. Structure and regeneration of forest trees in harvested and unharvested stands (Case study: Darabkola Forest, Sari). Iranian Journal of Natural Ecosystems, 7 (4): 69-82.
52. Zhou, L., Wang, S., Kindermann, G., Yu, G., Huang, M., Mickler, R., Kraxner, F., Shi, H. & Gong, Y. 2013. Carbon dynamics in woody biomass of forest ecosystem in China with forest management practices under future climate change and rising CO2 concentration. Chinese Geographical Science, 23(5): 519-536. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0622-9