Volume 10, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2024)
Iranian J. Seed Res. 2024, 10(2): 187-200 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Javadi H, Salehi Shanjani P, Dadmand M, Ramazani Yeghaneh M. (2024). Evaluation of germination indices in Festuca spp. under chilling, osmo- and hormone priming. Iranian J. Seed Res.. 10(2), : 12 doi:10.61186/yujs.10.2.187
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-579-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-579-en.html
Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization , hjavadim@yahoo.com
Abstract: (254 Views)
Extended abstract
Introduction: Festuca species are forage grasses that are very important in terms of fodder supply and soil protection. The seeds of these plants have internal dormancy (physiological) and are unable to germinate easily. Therefore, they must be subjected to various treatments to germinate. In nature, this dormancy is broken during the cold period of winter (chilling). The purpose of this research is to investigate different methods of dormancy breaking in Festuca species for large-scale production and accelerate the germination process.
Materials and methods: In this research, three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, and F. rubra) were subjected to different treatments of chilling (4°C, 14 days), osmo-priming with potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1.5% and gibberellic acid 150 and 200 ppm. After 14 days of germination test, various germination indices including percentage and rate of germination, mean germination time, seed vigor index, length of radicle, shoot and seedling, and the ratio of radicle to shoot length were calculated.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between species (except for germination percentage and root length traits) and treatments (for all traits). The interactions between the species and treatment were also significant for all traits (except for the length of radicle and seedling). Among the three species, the percentage of germination varied from 26.67 to 30.67% and the value of the germination rate varied from 1.92 to 3.31 n/d. The average time required for germination varied from 3.75 to 4.36 days and the seed vigor index varied from 26.74 to 43.02. The radicle length was between 37.22 and 45 mm and the shoot length was between 37.34 and 81.33 mm. Based on principal components analysis (PCA), percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor index, and length of radicle and seedling were introduced as the most important factors in creating diversity in Festuca species. In determining the correlation between traits, a high correlation of 70% was observed between germination percentage, germination rate, and seed vigor index.
Conclusion: Among the three species, Festuca rubra was superior to the other two species by having the highest percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor, radical length, and the shortest time required for germination. Among the applied treatments, 1.5% potassium nitrate (KNO3) with chilling (4°C, for 14 days), had a positive effect on the percentage and rate of germination, radical length, and gibberellic acid (150 ppm) treatment had a positive effect on the length of shoot and seedling. The presence of high germination percentage and rate indicated higher seed vigor.
Highlights:
Introduction: Festuca species are forage grasses that are very important in terms of fodder supply and soil protection. The seeds of these plants have internal dormancy (physiological) and are unable to germinate easily. Therefore, they must be subjected to various treatments to germinate. In nature, this dormancy is broken during the cold period of winter (chilling). The purpose of this research is to investigate different methods of dormancy breaking in Festuca species for large-scale production and accelerate the germination process.
Materials and methods: In this research, three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, and F. rubra) were subjected to different treatments of chilling (4°C, 14 days), osmo-priming with potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1.5% and gibberellic acid 150 and 200 ppm. After 14 days of germination test, various germination indices including percentage and rate of germination, mean germination time, seed vigor index, length of radicle, shoot and seedling, and the ratio of radicle to shoot length were calculated.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between species (except for germination percentage and root length traits) and treatments (for all traits). The interactions between the species and treatment were also significant for all traits (except for the length of radicle and seedling). Among the three species, the percentage of germination varied from 26.67 to 30.67% and the value of the germination rate varied from 1.92 to 3.31 n/d. The average time required for germination varied from 3.75 to 4.36 days and the seed vigor index varied from 26.74 to 43.02. The radicle length was between 37.22 and 45 mm and the shoot length was between 37.34 and 81.33 mm. Based on principal components analysis (PCA), percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor index, and length of radicle and seedling were introduced as the most important factors in creating diversity in Festuca species. In determining the correlation between traits, a high correlation of 70% was observed between germination percentage, germination rate, and seed vigor index.
Conclusion: Among the three species, Festuca rubra was superior to the other two species by having the highest percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor, radical length, and the shortest time required for germination. Among the applied treatments, 1.5% potassium nitrate (KNO3) with chilling (4°C, for 14 days), had a positive effect on the percentage and rate of germination, radical length, and gibberellic acid (150 ppm) treatment had a positive effect on the length of shoot and seedling. The presence of high germination percentage and rate indicated higher seed vigor.
Highlights:
- Using potassium nitrate as a pre-treatment of seeds is better than watering seeds with potassium nitrate.
- The effect of osmo-priming (potassium nitrate 1.5%) on the germination characteristics of Festuca seeds is better than hormone priming (Gibberellic acid).
- Pre-treatment with 1.5% potassium nitrate increases the number of germinated seeds, while treatment with 150 ppm gibberellic acid increases seedling length in Festuca seeds.
Article number: 12
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Seed Physiology
Received: 2023/05/15 | Revised: 2024/06/9 | Accepted: 2023/12/23 | ePublished: 2024/06/9
Received: 2023/05/15 | Revised: 2024/06/9 | Accepted: 2023/12/23 | ePublished: 2024/06/9
References
1. Ahmadloo, F., Tabari Kouchaksaraei, M., Azadi, P. and Hamidi, A. 2016. Improving germination of Hawthorn (Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark.) seed by potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid and stratification. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 29(2): 254-263. [In Persian with English Summary]
2. Abdul-baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiplication. Crop Science, 3: 630-633. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x]
3. Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88: 223-271. [DOI:10.1016/S0065-2113(05)88006-X]
4. Ball, D.A., Frost, S.M., Fandrich, L., Tarasoff, C. and Mallory-Smith, C. 2008. Biological Attributes of Rattail Fescue. Weed Science, 56:26-31. [DOI:10.1614/WS-07-048.1]
5. Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, Ca, USA.
6. Basra, S.M.A., Zia, M.N., Mahmood, T., Afzal, I. and Khaliq, A. 2002. Comparison of different invigoration techniques in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Pakistan Journal of Arid Agriculture, 5: 6-11.
7. Bell. K.L. and Amen, R.D. 1970. Seed dormancy in Luzula spicata and Luzula parviflora. Ecology, 51: 492-496. [DOI:10.2307/1935384]
8. Bose, B. and Mishra, T. 1992. Response of wheat seed to pre-sowing seed treatments with Mg (NO3). Annals of Agricultural Research, 13: 132-136.
9. Bruggink, G.T., Ooms, J.J. and Van der Toorn, P. 1999. Induction of longevity in primed seeds. Seed Science Research, 9:49-53. [DOI:10.1017/S0960258599000057]
10. Cerabolini, B., De Andreis, R., Ceriani, R.M., Pierce, S. and Raimondi, B. 2004. Seed germination and conservation of endangered species from the Italian Alps: Physoplexis comosa and Primula glaucescens. Biological Conservation, 117: 351-356. [DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.12.011]
11. Dahal, P., Bradford, K.J and Jones, R.A. 1990. Effects of priming and endosperm integrity on seed germination rates of tomato genotypes. II. Germination at reduced water potential. Journal of Experimental Botany, 41:1441-1453.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/41.11.1431 [DOI:10.1093/jxb/41.11.1441]
12. Dearman, J., Brocklehust, P.A. and Drew, R.L.K. 1987. Effect of osmotic priming and aging on the germination and emergence of carrot and leek seed. Annuals of Applied Biology, 111: 717-722. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1987.tb02029.x]
13. Ellis, R.H., Covell, S., Roberts, E.H. and Summerfield, R. J. 1986. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37: 705-715. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/37.5.705]
14. Fu, J.R., Lue, X.H., Chen, R.Z., Zhang, B.Z., Liu, Z.S., Ki, Z.S. and Cai, C.Y. 1988. Osmo conditioning of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds with PEG to improve vigor and some biochemical activities. Seed Science and Technology, 16: 197-212.
15. Gaut, B.S., Tredway, L.P., Kubik, C., Gaut, R.L. and Meyer, W. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships and genetics diversity among members of the Festuca -Lollium complex (Poaceae) based on ITS sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 224: 33-53. [DOI:10.1007/BF00985265]
16. Hasanuzzaman, M. and Fotopoulos, V. 2019. Priming and Pretreatment of Seeds and Seedlings, Implication in Plant Stress Tolerance and Enhancing Productivity in Crop Plants. Springer Singapore. P. 604. [DOI:10.1007/978-981-13-8625-1]
17. Inda, L.A., Segarra-Moragues, J.G., Müller, J., Peterson, P.M. and Catalán, P. 2008. Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46(3): 932-957. [DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.022] [PMID]
18. ISTA. 1996. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology, 13: 299-513
19. ISTA. 2007. International Rules for Seed Testing. https://www.seedtest.org/en/publications/international-rules-seed-testing.html
20. Kamkar, B., Koocheki, A.R., NassiriMahallati, M. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2006. Cardinal temperatures for germination in three-millet species (Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum glaucum and Setaria italica). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 5: 316-319. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2006.316.319]
21. Kaye, T.N. 1997. Seed dormancy in high elevation plants: implications for ecology and restoration. In: Conservation and management of native plants and fungi. In: Kaye T.N., Liston A., Love R.M., Luoma D., Meinke R.J., Wilson M.V. (eds). Native Plant Society of Oregon, Corvallis, OR, USA. pp. 115-120.
22. Khavari, H., Goldani, M., Khajeh Hoseini, M. and Shor, M. 2017. Determination of cardinal temperatures and seed germination response to different temperatures in five varieties of grass turf. Journal of Horticultural Science, 30(4): 643-650.
23. Kolliker, R., Herrmann, D., Boller, B. and Widmer, F. 2003. Swiss Mattenklee landraces, a distinct and diverse genetic resource of red clover. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107: 306-315. [DOI:10.1007/s00122-003-1248-6] [PMID]
24. Loureiro, J., Kopecký, D., Castro, S., Santos, C. and Silveira, P. 2007. Flow cytometric and cytogenetic analyses of Iberian Peninsula Festuca spp. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 269: 89 -105. [DOI:10.1007/s00606-007-0564-8]
25. Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination in selection and evaluation for seedling vigor. Crop Science, 2: 176-177. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x]
26. Majidi, M.M. 2010. Evaluation of seed yield and yield components in Iranian landraces and foreign varieties of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 41(1): 93-103. [In Persian with English Summary]
27. Moradi, P. and Jafari, A.A. 2019. Forage yield and quality of Tall Festuca (Festuca arrundinacea) under irrigated and rainfed condition in Zanjan province. Iran Nature, 4(1): 51-56. [In Persian with English Summary]
28. Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Farhang Moaser Publisher, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]
29. Parera, C.A. and Cantliffe, D.J. 1994. Pre-sowing seed priming. Horticultural Research, 16: 109-141. [DOI:10.1002/9780470650561.ch4]
30. Rastegar. M.A. 2007. Cultivation of fodder plants. Berahmand Publisher. Tehran, Iran. 520 pp. [In Persian]
31. Rouhi, H.R., Aboutalebian, M.A. and Sharif-Zadeh, F. 2011. Seed priming improves the germination traits of tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(2): 57-63. [DOI:10.15835/nsb325409]
32. Saberi, M., Tavili, A. and Miri, M. 2014. Investigation of the effects of different levels of gibberellic and salicylic acid on improvement of germination indices of Festuca arundinacea under stress with allelopathic compound. Journal of Natural Environment, 67(4): 415-424. [In Persian with English Summary]
33. Van Assche, J., Van Nerum, D. and Darius, P. 2002. The comparative germination ecology of nine Rumex species. Plant Ecology, 159: 131-142. [DOI:10.1023/A:1015553905110]
34. Wang, Z., Hopkins, A. and Main, R. 2001. Forage and turf grass biotechnology. Critical Reviews in Plant Science, 20: 573-619. [DOI:10.1080/20013591099281]
35. Wiese, A.M. and Binning, L.K. 1987. Calculating the threshold temperature of development for weeds. Weed Science, 35: 177-179. [DOI:10.1017/S0043174500079017]
36. Zomorodi, M., Khosravi, M., Khajeh Hoseini, M., Geshm, R. and Anvarkhah, S. 2013. Effect of priming on germination, vigor and artificial aging of seeds of tomato cultivars (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). Journal of Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 1(1): 97-114. [In Persian with English Summary]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
