Volume 7, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2020)
Iranian J. Seed Res. 2020, 7(1): 99-119 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Gholnezhad E, Samsami N, Abhari A. (2020). Effect of Drought Stress, Mycorrhiza and Bacteria on Mother Plant on Produced Seed Vigor and its Related Traits in Soybean (Glycine max cv. Kosar). Iranian J. Seed Res.. 7(1), : 7 doi:10.29252/yujs.7.1.99
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-423-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-423-en.html
Payame Noor University , gholinezhad1358@yahoo.com
Abstract: (6709 Views)
Extended abstract
Introduction: Soybean is a plant that has a moderate tolerance to drought stress. Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting soybean production by about 40%. In addition, drought stress reduces seed vigor as a result of stress conditions. Positive effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the increment of dry matter and plant biomass, especially in low-irrigated conditions and in dry areas have been proven. The reason for the increase in crop yield in mycorrhizal inoculated plants is their water balance in water deficit stress conditions and as a result, absorption of water and mineral elements. Rhizobium bacteria, carbohydrates, and other foods are catched from the phloem vessels and the received energy is used to convert nitrogen to ammonium ion and eventually amino acids. Japonicum rhizobium bacterium is not naturally found in soils of Iran and the bacteria should be added to the soil along with seeds.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out to determine the germination characteristics, seed vigor and its related traits in soybean Kosar cultivar grown under drought stress conditions and inoculation with mycorrhiza and bacteria with three replications during 2018. In the field experiment, drought stress included optimal irrigation (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation), moderate stress (irrigation after 110 mm evaporation) and severe drought stress (irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan), mycorrhizal fungus in three levels, mycorrhiza-free, and inoculation with glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium bacterium in two levels, including no inoculation and inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum.
Results: The mean comparison showed that the seeds obtained under normal irrigation, inoculation with mycorrhiza and bacteria had the highest dry weight of radicle, plumule and seedling, percentage and germination rate. The lowest electrical conductivity of the seeds and the mean time of germination were obtained under these condition. Severe and moderate drought stress reduced stress tolerance index, root tolerance index and stem tolerance index, seedling vigor index and seed vigor index compared to optimum irrigation about 42-23, 38-18, 30-18, 50-26 and 41-21) percent, respectively. Inoculation with Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the seed vigor index, radicle lentgh, plumule lentgh and seedling length compared to non-inoculation with mycorhizal fungi by 48-42, 27-26, 41-37 and 35-33 percent, respectively. Inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum increased radicle lentgh, plumule lentgh and seedling lentgh compared to non-inoculation with bacterium by 21%, 16% and 18%, respectively. The highest water percentage in seedling tissue was obtained under optimum irrigation conditions, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation with rhizobium bacteria.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in all three different irrigation conditions to improve germination and increase seed vigor, the use of mycorrhiza fungi is effective especially glomus mosseae and inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria.
Highlights:
- Germination characteristics, germination rate and duration of soybean Kosar cultivar on seeds obtained under different irrigation conditions were investigated.
- The effect of mycorrhiza and bacteria on seed vigor and related traits were evaluated under different levels of drought stress.
- The damage done to the seed membranes due to the interaction of irrigation and inoculation with mycorrhiza and bacterium was investigated.
Article number: 7
Keywords: Allometric coefficient, Germination, Membrane stability index, Seed electrical conductivity, Seed vigor
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Seed Physiology
Received: 2019/06/17 | Revised: 2021/03/13 | Accepted: 2019/10/5 | ePublished: 2020/11/29
Received: 2019/06/17 | Revised: 2021/03/13 | Accepted: 2019/10/5 | ePublished: 2020/11/29
References
1. Abbasi Seyahjani, E., Yarnia, M., Farhvash, F., Khorshidi Benam, M.B. and Asadi Rahmani, H. 2017. Influence of rhizobium, pseudomonas and fungi mycorrhiza on some traits of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(1): 85-102. [In Persian with English Summary].
2. Abdoli, M. and Saeidi, M. 2012. Effects of water deficiency stress during seed growth on yield and its components, germination and seedling growth parameters of some wheat cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(15): 1110-1118.
3. Abhari, A. and Galeshi S. 2007. Effects of terminal drought stress on seed vigor of wheatgenotypes (Triticum aestivum). Journal of Agriculture Science Natural Resourced, 14(3): 11-20. [In Persian with English Summary].
4. Afshar, H. 2007. Investigation of effect of fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on germination and seed quality traits of soybean stressed plants. M.Sc. thesis of Agronomy. Faculty of agriculture. Zabol University. 156p. [In Persian with English Summary].
5. Akram Ghaderi, F., Kamkar, B. and Soltani, A. 2008. Science and Technology of Seeds. Publication of University Jahad. Pp.512. [In Persian].
6. Atarodi, H., Irannejad, H., Shirani Rad, A.H., Amiri, R. and Akbari, Gh. 2011. Assessment of drought stress and planting date effects applied on original plant, on its seed electrical conductivity rate. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 9(2): 242-247. [In Persian with English Summary].
7. Azizpour, K., Shakiba, M., Khosh Kholgh Sima, N., Alyari, H., Moghadam, M., Esfandiari, E. and Pessarakli, M. 2010. Physiological response of spring durum wheat genotypes to salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33(6): 859-873. [DOI:10.1080/01904161003654097]
8. Badrooj, H.R., Hamidi, A. and Shirany Rad, A.H. 2016. Effect of drought stress and normal irrigation during flowering to maturity of 10 spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) genotypes seed germination. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 2(2): 1-14. [In Persian with English Summary].
9. Bahamin S, Arian-Mehr M, Kardoni F, Mahmodi S and Azar-Peyvand H. 2011. Effects of salinity and increasing the growth of bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescent) on germination and seedling growth characteristics of sunflower. The 1st National Conference on Modern Agricultural Sciences & Technologies. Zanjan. Iran. Pp. 195-198.
10. Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. 1998. Seeds: Physiology of development and germination second edition. Plenum press New York. 43: 583-591.
11. Chachelis, D. and Smith, M.L. 2001. Seed coat regulation of water uptak during imbibition soybean. Seed Science and Technology, 29: 401-412.
12. Eskandari, J. and Alizadeh-Amraie, A. 2014. Effect of priming on millet (Panicum miliaceum) seed germination under drought and salt condition. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 1(1): 46-55. [In Persian with English Summary].
13. Fallah-Shamsi, S.R., Pirdashti, M., Ebadi, A., Esfahani, M. and Raeini, M. 2017. Effect of drought stress at reproductive stage on seed germination characteristics of local and improved rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes. Iranian Seed Research, 4(1): 75-87. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.29252/yujs.4.1.75]
14. FAO. 2017. Fao statistic deviation, http://faostat.fao.org.
15. Farhoudi, R. and Khodarahempour, Z. 2017. Effect of salt and drought stresses on germination, seedling growth and cell membrane stability of anise (Pimpinella anisum) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 4(1): 103-110. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.29252/yujs.4.1.103]
16. Feng, G., Zhang, F.S., Li, X.L., Tian, C.Y., Tang, C. and Rengel, Z. 2002. Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in roots. Mycorrhiza, 12(4): 185-190. [DOI:10.1007/s00572-002-0170-0] [PMID]
17. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Lotfi, R. and Norouzi, M. 2012. Seed quality of soybean cultivars affected by pod position and water stress at reproductive stages. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 3: 119-125.
18. Habibi, H., Aghighi Shahverdi, M., Nasiri, Z., Chaichi, M.R. and Fotokian, M.H. 2015. Effect of seed rate and efficiency of pgpr on quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed, using standard germination and accelerated aging tests. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 1(2): 1-15. [In Persian with English Summary].
19. Hafeez, F.Y., Safdar, M.E., Chaudry, A.U. and Malik, K.A. 2004. Rhizobial inoculation improves seedling emergence, nutrient uptake and growth of cotton. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44: 617-622. [DOI:10.1071/EA03074]
20. Ilieva, V., Mitrev, S., Karov, I., Markova, N. and Todorovska, E. 2013. Seed quality and its importance in agricultural production and safety of agricultural products. In: International Conference "Quality and Competence 2013", 13-15 June 2013, Ohrid, Macedonia.
21. ISTA. 2012. Hand Book of Vigour Test Methods.
22. ISTA. 2015. International rules for seed testing. The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Zurich, Switzerland.
23. Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Somasundaram, R. and Panneerselvam, R. 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 11(1): 100-105.
24. Jalil Shesh Bahre M. and Movahedi Dehnavi M. 2012. Effect of zinc and iron foliar application on soybesn seed vigour grown under drought stress. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 5(1): 19-35. [In Persian with English Summary].
25. Javid, H., Esfahani, M. and Sabouri, S. 2011. Effect of three threshing methods on kernel fissuring, seed germination and seedling growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Hashemi. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 27(1): 57-72. [In Persian with English Summary].
26. Karimi, N., Soheilikhah, Z., Ghasempour, H. and Zebarjadi, A. 2011. Effect of salinity stress on germination and early seedling growth of different Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. Journal of Ecobiotechnology, 3(10): 07-13.
27. Khajoyeenezhad, Gh., Kazemi, H., Alyari, H., Javanshir, A. and Arvin, M.J. 2005. Effect of irrigation regimes and plant density on yield, water use efficiency and seed quality of three soybean cultivars in summer cultivation in Kerman weather conditions. Agriculture Sciences and Technology and Natural Resources, 9(4): 137-151. [In Persian with English Summary].
28. Khaladbarin, B. and Eslamzadeh T. 2005. Mineral nutrition of higher plants (Translation). Shiraz University Press, Second Edition, 259P. [In Persian].
29. Khoddamzadeh, A.A. 2007. Evaluation of ecophysiological effects of drought stress on seed traits and plant in soybean cultivars. M.Sc. thesis of Azad University. Branch of Pishva. 109P. [In Persian with English Summary].
30. Kotowski, F. 1926. Temperature relation to germination of vegetable seed. Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science, 23: 176-184.
31. Kubalaa, S., Wojtyla, Ł., Quinet, M., Lechowska, K., Lutts, S. and Garnczarska, M. 2015. Enhanced expression of the proline synthesis gene P5CSA in relation to seed osmopriming improvement of Brassica napus germination under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 183: 1-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2015.04.009] [PMID]
32. Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination in selection and evaluation for seed vigour. Crop Science, 2(2): 176-177. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x]
33. Mauromicale, G. and Licandro, P. 2002. Salinity and temperature effects on germination, emergence and seedling growth of globe artichoke. Agronomie, 22(5): 443-450. [DOI:10.1051/agro:2002011]
34. Mesquita, C.M., Hanna, M.A. and Costa, N.P. 2007. Crop and harvesting operation characteristics affecting physiological qualities of soybeans. Part II. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 23(4): 433-438. [DOI:10.13031/2013.23477]
35. Mostafavi, K. 2011. An evaluation of Safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed germination and seedling characters in salt stress conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7): 1667-1672.
36. Motamednejad, M., Eslami, S.V., Sayari, M.H. and Mahmodi, S. 2016. Effect of enrichment with bio fertilizers and three micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese on germination characteristics of ajowan plant (Carum copticum L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 29(4): 564-571. [In Persian with English Summary].
37. Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25: 239-250. [DOI:10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x] [PMID]
38. Nastari Nasrabadi, H., Moradi, M. and Modoodi, M.N. 2019. Effect of growth promoting bacteria and salicylic acid on melon (Cucumis melo) seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 5(2): 139-149. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.29252/yujs.5.2.139]
39. Ng, L.C., Sariah, M., Sariam, O., Radziah, O. and Zainal Abidin, M.A. 2012. Rice seed bacterization for promoting germination and seedling growth under aerobic cultivation system. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(1): 170-175.
40. Potters, G., Pasternak, T.P., Guisez, Y., Palme, K.J. and Jansen, M.A.K. 2007. Stress induced morphogenic responses: growing out of trouble? Trends in Plant Science, 12(3): 98-105. [DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2007.01.004] [PMID]
41. Riaz, A., Younis, A., Riaz Taj, A., Karim, A., Tariq, U., Munir, S. and Riaz, S. 2013. Effect of drought stress on growth and flowering of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 123-131.
42. Shamsadin Saeid, M., Farahbakhsh, H. and Maghsoudi Mod, A.A. 2007. Effects of salinity stress on germination, vegetative growth and some physiological characteristics of autumn canola cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, 11(41): 191-202. [In Persian with English Summary].
43. Singh, G. and Walingford, U.K., 2010. The Soybean, Botany, Production and Uses. Cambridge University Press.
44. Smith, S.E. and Read, O.J. 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, New York, 587P.
45. Sopha, V.T., Savage, E., Anacle, A.O. and Beyl, C.A. 1991. Vertical differences of wheat and triticale to water stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 167: 23-28. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00929.x]
46. Taghvaei, M. and Aliolad, N. 2015. Effect of drought stress on early vigor in primary trittipyrum lines. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 1(2): 61-74. [In Persian with English Summary].
47. Taghvayee, M. 2006. Evaluation of drought stress effects in grain filling stage, the ecophysiological characteristics of barley seed. Ph.D thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Tehran University. [In Persian with English Summary].
48. Tajbakhsh, M. and Ghiyasi, M. 2008. Seed Ecology. Jahad University Press. Urmia University. 134P.
49. Tatari, M., FotouhiGhazvini, R., Mousavi, A. and Etemadi, N. 2015. Study of some morphological characteristics in three turf grass species under drought stress conditions. Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal, 5(2): 11-27. [In Persian with English Summary].
50. Tatic, M., Mladen, J., Balesevi- Tubic, S., Svetlana, D., Miladinovic, M., Jegor, L. and Dordevic, V. 2004. Effect of drought caused stress on the quality and yield of soybean seed. Abstracts of 27th ISTA Congress, Seed Symposium, P.14.
51. Throneberry, G.O. and Smith, F.G. 1955. Relation of respiratory enzymatic activity to corn seed viability. Plant Physiology, 30(4): 337-343. [DOI:10.1104/pp.30.4.337] [PMID] [PMCID]
52. Vannozi, G. and Larner, F. 2007. Proline accumulation during drought rhizogene in maise. Journal of Plant Physiology, 85: 441-467.
53. Vieira, R.D., TeKrony, D.M. and Egli, D.B. 1991. Effect of drought stress on soybean seed germination and vigor. Journal of Seed Technology, 15(1): 12-21.
54. Yasari, E. and Patwardhan, I.S. 2007. Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Canola. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1): 77-82. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2007.77.82]
55. Zafari, M., Ebadi, A., Jahanbakhsh, S. and Sedghi, M. 2017. The effect of brassinosteroide on germination parameters of mother seeds of safflower under drought tension. Crop Physiology Journal, 9: 5-17. [In Persian with English Summary].
56. Zaidi, S.F.A. 2003. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas fluorescent to control Rhizoctonia solani in soybean [Glycine max L. Merr]. Annals of Agricultural Research, 24: 151-153.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
