Volume 6, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2020)
Iranian J. Seed Res. 2020, 6(2): 1-14 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Soltani Alikooyi M, Abbasi Surki A, Mobini Dehkordi M, Kiyani S. (2020). Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Germination and Early Growth of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under Salt Stress Conditions. Iranian J. Seed Res.. 6(2), : 1 doi:10.29252/yujs.6.2.1
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-345-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-345-en.html
, abbasi@sku.ac.ir
Abstract: (10292 Views)
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses, causing instability in germination and seed emergence due to low osmotic potential and ionic toxicity. Development of simple and low-cost biologic methods is essential for short-term management of salt stress. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria increases the rate and uniformity of germination. This research aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial growth-promoting bacteria on the germination and seedling growth indices of alfalfa c.v. Hamedani in different salinity levels.
Materials and Methods: A CRD factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Shahrekord University in 2016. The first factor consisted of 6 salinity levels 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS/m created with sodium chloride, and the second was four levels of bacterial pre-treatment: no inoculation with bacteria and biopriming, inoculation of alfalfa seeds with Acinetrobacter calcoaceticus PTCC 1318, Bacillus megaterium PTCC 1250 and Enterobacter aerogenes PTCC 1221. The seeds were treated with bacteria and placed at a 20 °C growth chamber. They were then irrigated with desired solutions depending on the salinity treatment. Germinated seeds were counted daily and the parameters of germination percentage and rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index I, II and allometric coefficient were calculated after 10 days.
Results: Salinity levels higher than 10 dS/m reduced germination indices and seedling growth of alfalfa. The highest reductions were obtained for 12.5 ds/m salinity level versus control for germination percentage (10.81%), germination rate (49.48%), plumule and radicle length (13.30% and 28.88% respectively) and vigor index I and II, which were 30.27% and 6.28%, respectively. The seed treated with A. calcoaceticus was able to tolerate salinity stresses more than others. For example, the reduction for the seed treated with A. calcoaceticus was only 4%, compared with non-stressed control. In salinity conditions 2.5 and 5 dS/m, the highest rate of germination was obtained, using A. calcoaceticus bacteria. In addition, the seeds treated with E. aerogenes showed higher stability at different levels of salinity for seedling length traits. The highest vigour index related to the use of A. calcoaceticus in salinity was 7.5 ds/m.
Conclusions: A. calcoaceticus had a significant role in reducing the negative effects of salinity on germination percentage and rate, vigour index I and II and allometric coefficient while E. aerogenes bacteria were more effective in reducing negative effects of salinity on seedling length and dry weight.
Highlights:
- Acinetrobacter calcoaceticus bacterium increased the percentage and rate of germination of alfalfa seeds under salt stress.
- Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria efficiently adjusted the negative effects of salinity on alfalfa seedlings length and dry weight.
Article number: 1
Keywords: Acinetrobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Germination percentage, Vigor index, seedling dry weight
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2018/05/10 | Revised: 2021/03/13 | Accepted: 2018/10/30 | ePublished: 2020/05/2
Received: 2018/05/10 | Revised: 2021/03/13 | Accepted: 2018/10/30 | ePublished: 2020/05/2
References
1. Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13(6): 630-633. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x]
2. Afrakhteh, S., Frahmandfar, E., Hamidi, A. and Ramandi, H.D. 2013. Evaluation of growth characteristics and seedling vigor in two cultivars of soybean dried under different temperature and fluidized bed dryer. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5: 2537-2544. [In Persian with English Summary].
3. Aghighi Shahverdi, M., Mamivand, B. and Atayi Samagh, H., 2014. Effect of seed pre-treatment with growth promoting bacteria on germination indices Medicinal herb of basil under salt stress. Journal of Seed Research, 4(4): 38-50. [In Persian with English Summary].
4. Ahemad, M. and Khan, M.S. 2010. Plant growth promoting activities of phosphate solubilizing Enterobacter asburiae as influenced by fungicides. Journal of Biosciences, 4: 88-95. [DOI:10.5053/ejobios.2010.4.0.11]
5. Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre‐sowing seed treatment-ashotgun approach to improve germination plant growth and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88: 223-271. [DOI:10.1016/S0065-2113(05)88006-X]
6. Barra, P.J., Inostroza, N.G., Acuna, J.J., Mora, M.L., Crowley, D.E. and Jorquera, M.A. 2016. Formulation of bacterial consortia from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and their effect on growth, biomass and superoxide dismutase activity of wheat seedlings under salt stress. Applied Soil Ecology, 102: 80-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.02.014]
7. Beheshti, A., Tavakkoli, H.R. and Koocheki, A. 2000. The effect of salt stress and temperature on germination of different alfalfa cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(1): 71-79. [In Persian with English Summary].
8. Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. 1998. A plant growth-promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicity in seedlings. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64: 3663-3668. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.64.10.3663-3668.1998] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Choudhary, S.K., Gupta, S.K., Singh, M.K. and Sheraz Mahdi, S. 2016. Role and its utilization of beneficial micro-organisms for sustainable crop production. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(2): 370-378. [DOI:10.15740/HAS/IJAS/12.2/370-378]
10. Egamberdieva, D., Jabborova, D. and Hashem, A. 2015. Pseudomonas induces salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and resistance to Fusarium root rot through the modulation of indole-3-acetic acid. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22: 773-779. [DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.04.019] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Ezadi Darband, A., Mohammadian, M., Yangh, A. and Zarghani, H. 2012. The effect of temperature and salinity on germination and growth characteristics of sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(2): 335-345. [In Persian with English Summary].
12. Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Hussain, M., Barthakur, SH., Paul, S., Bharadwaj, N., Migdadi, H.M., Alghamdi, S.S. and Siddique, K.H.M. 2017. Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain legumes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 118: 199-217. [DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.06.020] [PMID]
13. Gholami, A., Shahsavani, S. and Nezarat, S. 2009. The Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. Proceedings of Word Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology, 37: 2070-3740. [In Persian with English Summary].
14. Glick, B.R. 2012. Plant growth promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Scientifica, pp.15. [DOI:10.6064/2012/963401] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Grieve, C.M., Lesch, S., Francois, L. and Mass, E.W. 1992. Analysis of main spike yield components in salt stressed wheat. Crop Science, 32: 697-703. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200030025x]
16. Gulati, A., Vyas, P., Rahi, P. and Kasana, R.C. 2009. Plant growth-promoting and rhizosphere-competent acinetrobacter rhizosphaerae strain BIHB 723 from the cold deserts of the himalayas. Current Microbiology, 58: 371-377. [DOI:10.1007/s00284-008-9339-x] [PMID]
17. Han, H.S. and Lee, K.D. 2006. Effect of co-inoculation with phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant Soil Invironment, 52(3): 130-136. [DOI:10.17221/3356-PSE]
18. Ibrahim, E.A. 2015. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 192: 38-46. [DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011] [PMID]
19. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). 2011. International rule for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
20. Kalsa, K.K. and Abebie, B. 2012. Influence of seed priming on seed germination and vigor traits of Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa (Ten.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(21): 3202-3208. [DOI:10.5897/AJAR11.1489]
21. Kang, S.M., Joo, G.J., Hamayun, M., Na, C.I., Shin, D.H., Kim, H.Y., Hong, J.K. and Lee, I.J. 2009. Gibberellin production and phosphate solubilization by newly isolated strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and its effect on plant growth. Biotechnology Letters, 31(2): 277-281. [DOI:10.1007/s10529-008-9867-2] [PMID]
22. Khan, F.A, Bhat, S.A, Narayan, S., Maqbool, R., Murtuza, I. and Khan, F.U. 2017. Seed deterioration and priming. SKUAST Journal of Research, 19(1): 12-21.
23. Kizilkaya, R. 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecological Engineering, 33: 150-156. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.02.011]
24. Krishna, A., Patil, C.R., Raghavendra, S.M. and Jakati, M.D. 2008. Effect of bio-fertilizers on seed germination and seedling quality of medicinal plant. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture and Science, 21(4): 588-590.
25. Kumar, K.V., Sing, N., Behl, H.M. and Srivastava, SH. 2008. Influence of plant growth promoting bacteria and its mutant on heavy metal toxicity in Brassica juncea grown in fly ash amended soil. Chemosphere, 72: 678-683. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.025] [PMID]
26. Lastochkina, O., Pusenkova, L., Yuldashev, R., Babaev, M., Garipova, S., Blagova, D., Khairullin, R. and Aliniaeifard, S. 2017. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on some physiological and biochemical parameters of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) under salinity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 121: 80-88. [DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.020] [PMID]
27. Li, H., Lei, P., Pang, X., Li, H., Xu, Z. and Feng, X. 2017. Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings inoculated with the halotolerant Enterobacter cloacae HSNJ4. Applied Soil Ecology, 119: 26-34. [DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.05.033]
28. Lucy, M., Reed, E. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Soil Science, 86(1): 1-25. [DOI:10.1023/B:ANTO.0000024903.10757.6e] [PMID]
29. Manchanda, G. and Garg, N. 2008. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30(5): 595-618. [DOI:10.1007/s11738-008-0173-3]
30. Massai, R., Remorini, D. and Tattini, M. 2004. Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two scion/root stock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Plant and Soil, 259(1-2): 153-162. [DOI:10.1023/B:PLSO.0000020954.71828.13]
31. Mustafa, H.S.B., Mahmood, T., Ullah, A., Sharif, A., Bhatti, A.N., Nadeem, M. and Ali, R. 2017. Role of seed priming to enhance growth and development of crop plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Section Plant Sciences, 2(2): 1-11.
32. Piernik, A., Hrynkiewicz, K., Wojciechowska, A., Szymanska, S., Lis, M.I. and Muscolo, A. 2017. Effect of halotolerant endophytic bacteria isolated from Salicornia europaea L. on the growth of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salt stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(10): 1404-1418. [DOI:10.1080/03650340.2017.1286329]
33. Sadiq, H.M., Jahangir, G.Z., Nasir, I.A., Iqtidar, M. and Iqbal, M. 2013. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 27(6): 4248-4255. [DOI:10.5504/BBEQ.2013.0091]
34. Sarkar, A., Ghosh, P.K., Pramanik, K., Mitra, S., Soren, T., Pandey, S., Mondal, M.H. and Maiti, T.K. 2017. For publication a halotolerant Enterobacter sp. displaying ACC deaminase activity promotes rice seedling growth under salt stress. Research in Microbiology, 169(1): 20-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.resmic.2017.08.005] [PMID]
35. Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. and Williams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24(6): 1192-1199. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400060043x]
36. Sezen, A., Ozdal, M., Koc, K. and Algur, O.F. 2016. Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their effects on improving growth of wheat. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 10(1): 41-46.
37. Shah, S. Li, J., Moffatt, B.A. and Glick, B.R. 1998. Isolation and characterization of ACC deaminase genes from two different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 44(9): 833-843. [DOI:10.1139/w98-074] [PMID]
38. Shahzad, R., Waqas, M., Khan, A.L., Asaf, S., Khan, M.A., Kang, S., Yun, B. and Lee, I. 2016. Seed-borne endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 produces gibberellins and regulates endogenous phytohormones of Oryza sativa. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 106: 236-243. [DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.006] [PMID]
39. Shrivastava, P. and Kumar, R. 2015. Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22: 123-131. [DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.001] [PMID] [PMCID]
40. Van Loon, L.C. 2007. Plant responses to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 119: 243-254. [DOI:10.1007/s10658-007-9165-1]
41. Vasudevan, P., Reddy, M.S., Kavitha, S., Velusamy, P., Paulraj, R.S.D., Purushothaman, S.M., Priyadarisini, V.B., Bharathkumar, S., Kloepper, J.W. and Gnanamanickam, S.S. 2001. Role of biological preparations in enhancement of rice seedling growth and grain yield. Current Science, 83(9): 1140-1144.
42. Vaughan, L.V., Macadam, J.W., Smith, S.E. and Dudley, L.M. 2002. Root growth and yield of differing alfalfa rooting populations under increasing salinity and zero leaching. Crop Science Journal, 42(6): 2064-2071. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci2002.2064]
43. Verma, S.K., Kingsley, K., Bergen, M., English, C., Elmore, M., Kharwar, R.N. and White, J.F. 2018. Bacterial endophytes from rice cut grass (Leersia oryzoides L.) increase growth, promote root gravitropic response, stimulate root hair formation, and protect rice seedlings from disease. Plant and Soil, 422(1-2): 223-238. [DOI:10.1007/s11104-017-3339-1] [PMCID]
44. Wahyudi, A.T., Astuti, R.P., Widyawati, A., Meryandini, A. and Nawangsih, A.A. 2011. Characterization of Bacillus sp. strains isolated fromrhizosphere of soybean plants for their use as potential plant growth for promoting Rhizobacteria. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 3(2): 34-40.
45. Walpola, B.C. and Yoon, M. 2013. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their co-inoculation efficiency on tomato plant growth and phosphorous uptake. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(3): 266-275.
46. Wani, P.A., Khan, M.S. and Zaidi, A. 2007. Co-inoculation of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria to promote growth yield and nutrient uptake in chickpea. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 55(3): 315-323. [DOI:10.1556/AAgr.55.2007.3.7]
47. Yazdani bouki, R., Rezvani moghadam, P., Khazaei, H., Ghorbani, R. and Astarayi, A. 2010. Effects of salinity and drought stress on germination characteristics of Silybum marianum seed. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(1): 12-19. [In Persian with English Summary].
48. Yazdani, M., and Pridashti, H. 2011. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGRP) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum estivum L.) under salt stress. Applied Field Crops Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 24(3): 24-30. [In Persian with English Summary].
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
