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Showing 10 results for Virus

Saeid Tabein, Seyed Ali Akbar Behjatnia,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract

In addition to the full-length viral DNA genome, various types of smaller specific DNA molecules have been isolated from plants infected by DNA viruses. These DNAs are usually derived from viral genomes by different ways or have non-viral genome sequences. Some of these DNA have no significant effect on the virus cycle and on the incidence and progression of the disease, while some of them inducing the viral disease symptoms. These components that are known as satellite, defective and defective interfering DNAs, depend on helper viruses for replication, encapsidation and movement in plants. Satellites have no significant homology with the helper virus genome. However, they are required for inducing disease symptoms. While defective and defective interfering DNAs exhibit high homology with the genome of helper viruses, only defective interfering DNAs have ability to interfere with virus replication and with disease symptom induction and development. In this paper, the characteristics of these subviral DNAs and the possible mechanisms by which they are generated and transmitted in virus infected plants are discussed.
Farideh Farahbakhsh, Amir Massah,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract

Farahbakhsh F. & Massah A. 2015. Genetic of resistance to plant diseases. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):64-73.

With studying the function and co evolution of the plant resistance genes with virulence genes in the pathogens, the knowledge of molecular genetics is in progress and creates a new opportunity to produce durable resistance against plant diseases.  This article explains the new findings about the different varieties of genetic resistance, performance and evolution of resistance genes involved in detecting, signaling and responding to plant pathogens.


Samaneh Fuladvand , Seyedeh Atefeh Hosseini ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract

Fuladvand  S. & Hosseini S.A. 2015. Fungi and fungal-like organisms vectors of plant viruses. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):53-63.

The fungi Olpidium brassica and O. boronovanus , and two fungal-like species, Polymyxa beta  and P. graminis, are known as important vectors of plant viruses. All of these microorganisms are obligate parasite of root and transmit the viruses belong to at least 12 genera and four families of plant viruses. In this paper, these vectors and their life cycle, transmitted viruses, methods of the acquiring and transmission of them are described.


Eisa Nazerian , Sahar Sayad,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract

Nazerian E. and Sayad S. 2017. Fungi parasitic viruses. Plant Pathology Science 6(2):97-104.

Several viruses have been identified as parasites of some fungal isolates that cause chestnut blight, canola stem rot, wheat head blight, corn smut, and a number of molds and yeasts. These mycoviruses reduce growth, proliferation and pathogenicity and cause abnormal pigmentation in the mycelium, or mutations in the host fungus. These viruses can be transmitted to other isolates of the same fungus or other fungi by hyphen anastamosis. Therefore, identification of hypovirulent and infected isolates of pathogenic fungi to viruses and their use for plant protection against highly pathogenic isolates and plant diseases management is recommended.
 
Mahsa Abadkhah, Davoud Koolivand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract

Abadkhah M. and Koolivand D. 2018. The biosensors and their application in plant pathology. Plant Pathology Science 7(2):47-59. DOI:10.2982/PPS.7.2.47
 
 Preventing plant disease damage requires the use of new, powerful, simple and portable tools to quickly diagnose pathogens. Today, biosensor technology  known as a powerful tool for evaluating conventional methods in agricultural sciences. Sensitivity, selectivity and portability of biosensors made it possible to develop them as special tools for rapid analysis of compounds in samples with low concentration. Biosensors have three main components, biological element, transducer and readout system. The most important application of biosensors in plant pathology is rapid detection of plant pathogens, in order to reduce the use of expensive and environmentally-damaging chemicals. This article introduces different types of biosensors and their applications in plant pathology.

Zohreh Davoodi, Jahangir Heydarnejad, Hossein Masoomi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Davoodi Z, Heidarnejad J and Masoumi H (2019) Next generation sequencing technique and its application in plant virology. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):77-85. DOI:10.2982/PPS.8.2.77

DNA sequencing is used by virtually all branches of biological research. Among the first advanced sequencing technologies, scientists were able to elucidate genetic information from any particular biological system using the Sanger sequencing method. Although Sanger sequencing generates high quality sequencing data, its limitations such as scalability, speed and resolution often preclude scientists from obtaining the essential information. To overcome these barriers, next generation sequencing technique (NGS) was introduced at the beginning of the 21st century. This technique provided a highly efficient, rapid, and low cost DNA sequencing platform beyond the reach of the standard and traditional DNA sequencing technologies that developed in late 1970s. In 2009, NGS technologies began to be applied to several areas of plant virology including virus/viroid genome sequencing, discovery and detection, ecology, epidemiology and replication. It is expected that NGS plays very significant roles in many plant virology researches.
 


Saeid Tabein, Seyed Ali Akbar Behjatnia,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Tabein S and Behjatnia SAA (2019) Intracellular interactions of geminiviruses in host plants. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):86-101. DOI:10.2982/PPS.8.2.86
 
Geminiviruses (Geminiviridae family) with small circular ssDNA genome are encoding just four to seven proteins on virion and complementary-sense strands of their genomes. To have a progressive infection, they are dependent mostly on host cellular machineries and interact with wide range of different host plants factors and processes. Geminiviruses alter the cell cycle in infected plants and they can support replication of viral DNA. They change host gene expression patterns, inhibit cell death pathways, alter macromolecule trafficking and interfere with protein modification to redirect or suppress host defenses and hormones signaling. Geminiviruses encode gene silencing suppressors to interfere with post-transcriptional gene silencing and alter plant DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, often causing developmental abnormalities. Here, the geminiviruses are discussed as one of the most destructive plant viruses and their proteins interactions with host cell factors and pathways are described.

Nadia Mosharaf, Saeid Tabein, Seyed Ali Akbar Behjatnia , Atena Safi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract

Mosharaf N, Tabein S, Behjatnia SAA, Safi A (2019) Role of betasatellites in interaction of viruses with plants. Plant Pathology Science 9(1):78-90. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.1.78.
 
Betasatellites, as begomovirus-dependent small circular single-stranded DNAs, are multifunctional agents that trigger disease symptoms, suppress gene silencing pathways and also interact with various cellular pathways and factors. These subviral elements have a conserved genome organization that encodes only a functional open reading frame on the complementary sense strand βC1. The encoded beta satellite protein affects only the helper begomovirus cycle factor. The small size with a strong promoter sequence and the ability to replace βC1 with foreign genes made beta satellites suspected tools for the investigation of functional genes. As we expand our knowledge of begomovirus / beta satellite complexes and their interactions with host plants, we develop management approaches for the expansion of begomoviral destructive diseases.

Aminallah Tahmasebi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract

Tahmasebi, A. (2023). The role of translation initiation factors in plants recessive resistance to viruses. Plant Pathology Science, 12(1), 113-121.             
       Doi: 10.2982/PPS.12.1.113
Abstract
Plant viruses are important pathogens that cause quantitative and qualitative decline of agricultural products all over the world. Plants resistance is the most effective way to control plant viruses. Viruses as obligate parasites to complete their infection cycle, such as the processes of protein synthesis, replication, and movement, are dependent on the compatibility of cellular factors of host plants. Absence or mutation in these essential factors for the virus infection cycle or mutation in the regulator of plant defense responses may cause the host's recessive resistance to the virus. Recessive genes identified in virus-plant interactions include eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4E, eIF4G, and their isoforms. A number of translation factors have been identified in plants, such as eIF3, eEF1A, and eEF1B, which are essential in interacting with viral RNAs and regulating various processes in the virus infection cycle. More awareness of molecular mechanisms of these factors as well as their interaction with other host and viral factors can be used in the development of new management methods such as silencing or genome editing against viruses.

Fereshteh Esmaeilzadeh, Dr. Davoud Koolivand,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract

Esmaeilzadeh, F., & Koolivand, D. (2022). Tomato brown rogue fruit virus. Plant Pathology Science 12(1), 84-93.    Doi:10.2982/PPS.12.1.84
 
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging pathogen that generally causes disease in greenhouses. This virus causes yellow areas, malformation and brown necrotic lesions on tomato fruits. This virus, which has a global distribution, has recently been reported using molecular methods in the greenhouses of few provinces of Iran. According to the report of this virus from Iran, the characteristics of the ToBRFV, its symptoms, host range, mode of transmission and spread, and its management methods have been described based on previous studies.


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