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Showing 5 results for Pathogenic

Mohammad Abdollahi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract

Most nematodes are free-living. They live in oceans, fresh waters and soil and feed on bacteria, fungi and other nematodes. Some are predators and some are parasites of plants and animals. Some of the latter group are insect-associated. There are different types of relations between insects and nematodes. Beneficial nematodes that cause disease in insects are referred to as “entomopathogenic” and have the ability to kill the insects. Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genera Stein‌ernema and Heterorhabditis have proven to be the most effective as biological control organisms. Only the infective juvenile stage of entomopathogenic nematodes will survive in the soil, find and penetrate insect pests. In this paper, different types of association between nematode and insect with emphazing on entomopathogenic nematode species have been reviewed.
Saeid Tabein, Seyed Ali Akbar Behjatnia,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract

In addition to the full-length viral DNA genome, various types of smaller specific DNA molecules have been isolated from plants infected by DNA viruses. These DNAs are usually derived from viral genomes by different ways or have non-viral genome sequences. Some of these DNA have no significant effect on the virus cycle and on the incidence and progression of the disease, while some of them inducing the viral disease symptoms. These components that are known as satellite, defective and defective interfering DNAs, depend on helper viruses for replication, encapsidation and movement in plants. Satellites have no significant homology with the helper virus genome. However, they are required for inducing disease symptoms. While defective and defective interfering DNAs exhibit high homology with the genome of helper viruses, only defective interfering DNAs have ability to interfere with virus replication and with disease symptom induction and development. In this paper, the characteristics of these subviral DNAs and the possible mechanisms by which they are generated and transmitted in virus infected plants are discussed.
Soraya Mirzapour, Mostafa Darvishnia, Eidi Bazgir, Hossein Mirzaei Najafgholi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract

Mirzapour S, Darvishnia M, Bazgir E, Mirzaei Najafgholi H (2020) Pathogenic variation of Didymella rabiei isolates causing Chickpea blight in three western provinces of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):1-13. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.1
 
Introduction: Chickpea blight, caused by Didymella rabiei, is the most limiting factor in chickpea production areas in the world, including the western provinces of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic diversity of the isolates collected from western provinces of Iran (Ilam, Lorestan and Kermanshah) on differential lines of chickpea, as well as the relationship between pathogenic diversity of the isolates and their geographical origins. Materials and Methods: During the 2017-18 chickpea growing season, samples of infected plants were collected from fields in western provinces and transferred to the laboratory. Then 100 pure isolates of D. rabiei were obtained. Based on the location of collection, the isolates were divided into 20 groups. Based on the morphological characteristics, one isolate from each group was selected as a representative for greenhouse experiments. The pathogenic diversity of theses 20 isolates was assessed on eight differential lines of chickpea. The factorial experiments were performed in a completely randomized block design under greenhouse conditions. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between differential lines and isolates at a probability level of p<0.01. Based on the response of the differential lines, the pathogenic isolates were grouped into three pathogenic groups, including pathogenic group 1 (weakly aggressive), group 2 (aggressive or moderately aggressive), and group 3 (highly aggressive). The isolates from Kermanshah and Lorestan Province were classified into Group 1 and the Ilam isolates into Groups 1, 2 and 3. The greatest severity of the disease was found in three isolates of Ilam province. The variety ILC3996 showed the highest resistance to all isolates. Conclusion: D. rabiei isolates from three western provinces of Iran are divided into three pathogenic groups: 1 (low aggressive), 2 (moderately aggressive), and 3 (highly aggressive). Highly aggressive isolates identified in Ilam province can be used in chickpea breeding programs to produce resistant cultivars to the disease.. The wild variety ILC3996 has resistant genes against these pathogenic groups and showed resistance to all of these isolates.

Dorna Forghani, Eidi Bazgir, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Mostafa Darvishnia,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract

Forghani D, Bazgir E, Nasr Esfahani M, Darvishnia M (2020) Pathogenicity severity of  Iranian isolates of Rhizoctonia solani  in Burren potato cultivar. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):63-72.            DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.63.
 
Introduction: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a soil borne fungus that causes stem canker and black scurf and severely damages crop in various potato growing areas in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of various fungal isolates from different potato growing areas in Iran on the Burren cultivar. Material and Methods: In this study, The pathogenicity of 70 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from major potato growing areas in Iran including the provinces of Ardabil, Isfahan, Fars, Kurdistan, Kerman, Lorestan and Hamedan was investigated on the potato cultivar ‘Burren’ in completely randomized design experiment under greenhouse conditions. Results: The analysis of variance showed that the pathogenicity of the isolates was very different at probability level of 1% is significant, and therefore they were divided into different groups. Conclusions: The isolates of Ardabil-1, Ardabil-5, Isfahan-14, Fars-26, Fars-29, Kurdistan-34, Kurdistan-39, Kurdistan-40, Kerman-47 and Hamedan-66 had the highest pathogenicity, while the  isolates Fars-21, Isfahan-20, Hamedan-65 and Isfahan-18 showed the lowest pathogenicity, respectively.

Aminallah Tahmasebi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (2-2021)
Abstract

Tahmasebi A (2021) The role of ubiquitin in plant-virus interactions. Plant Pathology Science 10(1):141-152.   Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.1.141.
 
Plant viruses cause major losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Plants react to the virus infections via several defense mechanisms, such as ubiquitination. Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) play key role in the function modification and degradation of proteins in plants. Ub attachment to the cellular proteins alters the stability, the cellular establishment or activity of the target protein. The key role of UPS has been revealed in defense mechanisms and other plant processes. Viruses as obligate intracellular parasites have evolved mechanisms to interfere UPS. In some cases, it has been shown that viral proteins were targeted by this system. Ubiquitination plays an important role in plant–virus interaction which can lead to plant resistance or pathogenicity in the host plant. Therefore, further understanding of UPS and its role in plant-virus interaction can develop novel methods to increase resistance to viral infections in plants.


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