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Evaluation of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Maneh-Samalghan Ecotype Seed Response to Temperature and Light
Mahdi Asadi, Majid Rahimizadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (9-2021)
Abstract

Extended abstract
Introduction: Velvetleaf is one of the most important weeds of cotton, corn, tomato, and soybean fields. Certainly, knowledge of weed seed response to environmental factors (light and temperature) is essential for better understanding the germination mechanism and establishment patterns of weeds community. The present study aimed to evaluate the interaction between light regimes and alternate temperature on the seed germination of velvetleaf.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in 2015 at the plant physiology laboratory of Bojnourd Branch, IAU. This study was performed as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The treatments were temperature regimes at four levels (constant temperatures 25°C, alternating temperatures 25-15, 30-20 and 35-25°C) and photoperiod treatments at three levels (continuous darkness, 12-12 light and dark and 16-8 light and dark). Germination percentage, germination rate, germination uniformity, time to 10% germination, and time to 90% germination were evaluated by the Germin program.
Results: The results showed that all traits were affected by temperature and light. Velvetleaf seeds germinated better in the presence of light and alternating temperature. The percentage and rate of germination increased as temperature rised to 30°c and then decreased. However, seed reaction to the night temperature was higher than that of the day temperature. The highest germination percent (98 percent) was achieved under alternating temperature 25-15°C with 12-12h light-dark. In this study, the lowest time required for 10% and 90% germination and highest germination uniformity were observed under alternating temperatures 30-20°C in darkness.
Conclusion: According to the results of this experiment, velvetleaf seeds are able to germinate in a wide range of light and temperature conditions, although they germinate better in the presence of light and alternate temperatures. Therefore, plowing with a moldboard plow can stimulate germination and drain the soil seed bank.

Highlights:
1- Since light stimulates the germination of velvetleaf seeds, so no-tillage system is able to control this weed.
2- Increasing the environment temperature reduces the chance of germination of velvetleaf seeds.             


The Improvement of Cow Tail (Smirnovia iranica) Seed Germination through in vitro Culture
Majed Chaab, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi, Sara Ghezelbash, Nasim Zarinpanjeh,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Cow tail (Smirnovia iranica) is considered a valuable shrub species indigenous and adapted to the sandy lands of the Iranian central regions which besides playing an essential role in the desert cover for soil protection and of forage production, is considered important due to its great medicinal values. Considering the fact that seed germination of this plant does not easily occur due to its hard and solid seed coat, in this study, the in vitro tissue culture and seedling establishment is utilized for the first time in order to surmount the obstacles laid ahead of cow tail seed germination.
Materials and Methods: Scratched seed, unscratched seed and seed embryo of cow tail as different explants were placed in two culture media (MS, MS with free amino acids complex) following surface sterilization, and were exposed to two photoperiod treatments (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness as well as absolute darkness) and were investigated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with six replications. Finally, germination percentage (10 days after seed culturing) and shoot length (30 days after seed germination) were evaluated.
Results: The results indicated that significance of the effect of investigated treatment conducted over some in vitro on germination characteristics. It was revealed that the cultivation of seed embryo in MS culture media along with free amino acids complex for 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness photo period can be considered as the best in vitro germination method, in terms of seed germination percentage (78.83%) and germinated shoot length (44.83 mm).
Conclusion: In vitro culture can be used to improve germination and seeding production of this species.

Highlights:
  1. The method for seed dormancy elimination of cow tail plant was introduced.
  2. The seed disinfection procedure for in vitro culture of cow tail plant was introduced.
  3. The components of in vitro culture medium for rapid and efficient seed germination of cow tail plant were introduced.

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