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Assessment of germination indices and early growth of Camelina (Camelina sativa) seedlings in response to osmotic and salinity stresses
Rozita Kabiri, Mohadeseh Shamsaddin Saied, Babak Hasanzadeh Tajarogh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Growth, development, and ultimately production of plants are affected by several environmental factors. Drought and salinity are major environmental stresses that have irreparable effects on all stages of germination, plant growth, and the structure and activity of organs. The germination stage and seedling establishment are more sensitive to osmotic and salinity stresses, so it is important to evaluate the germination indices under stress conditions for plant cultivation in dry and saline environments.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of different levels of osmotic and salinity on germination and early growth of camelina (Camelina sativa L.), two experiments were conducted separately in a completely randomized design in the laboratory of Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2023. In the first experiment, polyethylene glycol solution (PEG 6000) at -0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa levels was applied to generate the osmotic potential. In the second experiment, NaCl at 50, 100, and 150 mM concentrations was used. In both experiments, distilled water was used to create zero stress (control).
Results: The results showed that mild osmotic (-0.2 MPa) and salinity (50 mM) stresses had no significant adverse effect on seedling establishment. However, increased intensity of osmotic and salinity stresses significantly reduced germination percentage and rate, seedling vigor length index, seedling dry weight, radicle length and dry weight, and plumule length and dry weight, so that drought stress at -0.6 MPa reduced the length and dry weight of the root and the length and dry weight of the plumule by approximately 40.40%, 57.4%, 49.2%, and 53.3% compared with the control, respectively. The highest level of salinity stress (150 mM) caused a decrease of 37.8%, 56.8%, 45.3%, and 55.4% in the length and dry weight of the root and the length and dry weight of the plumule compared with the control, respectively. An increment of MDA content, soluble carbohydrates, and the amount of free amino acids was observed at moderate (-0.4 MPa) and severe (-0.6 MPa) osmotic stress and 100 and 150 mM salinity stress levels.
Conclusions: Since camelina is a new plant in Iran, evaluating the response of this plant to different levels of osmotic and salinity stress during germination and early growth stages of the seedling provides the possibility of its cultivation and development in the dry lands of different regions of the country. It seems that mild drought (-0.2 MPa) and salinity (50 mM) stresses did not have a significant adverse effect on camelina germination indicators, but if the stress level exceeds the plant's tolerance range, it leads to decreased germination traits. Recommending the cultivation of this species requires studying its stability, compatibility, and agroecological characteristics.

Highlights:
  1. Germination characteristics and initial growth of camelina seedlings were investigated under drought and salinity stress conditions.
  2. The tolerance threshold of camelina seedlings was evaluated to different water potentials and salinity stress.
  3. The sensitivity of germination components to salinity stress was higher than that of osmotic stress.

Investigation of the Effects of Temperature, Salinity, and Seed Priming on the Germination of Camelina (Camelina sativa) and Modeling the Germination Response to Temperature
Shahrzad Ghabeli, Hamidreza Ebrahimi, Hamidreza Miri, Barmak Jafari Haghighi, Abdolreza Jafari,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (3-2026)
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of temperature, salinity, and seed priming on germination and to determine cardinal germination temperatures (i.e., base, optimum, and maximum) of Camelina seeds.
Method: Experimental treatments included different levels of seed priming (control, hydropriming, priming with gibberellic acid, and brassinosteroid at 50 ppm), salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM), and different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C). To estimate cardinal temperatures, three nonlinear regression models (dent-like, segmented, and beta) were fitted, and their accuracy was evaluated using RMSE, CV, R², and SE criteria.
Results: The results showed that Camelina seed germination was significantly affected by the interaction of temperature, salinity, and priming treatments, and none of these factors could be interpreted independently. The highest germination percentage and rate were obtained at 20°C under non-saline conditions, particularly with the application of gibberellic acid and brassinosteroid at 50 ppm; whereas the combination of high temperatures (especially 35°C) and 200 mM salinity caused a severe reduction or complete inhibition of germination. Hormonal priming, in addition to increasing germination percentage, reduced the time to 50% germination, thereby increasing germination rate, decreasing base temperature, and improving the thermal tolerance range. Among the three models evaluated, based on RMSE, CV, R², and SE criteria, the segmented and dent-like models were the most suitable for estimating the cardinal temperatures of Camelina. The results also showed that the most effective priming treatment was priming with brassinosteroid.
Conclusion: The use of priming, especially with brassinosteroid and gibberellic acid, can be recommended as an effective strategy to improve Camelina seed establishment under salinity stress and temperature fluctuations. The use of nonlinear regression models, including dent-like, segmented, and beta models, can be effectively used to quantify the response of Camelina seed germination to temperature, salinity, and seed priming. Therefore, by utilizing the output of these models across different temperatures, it is possible to predict the germination rate under various priming treatments and salinity levels.

Highlights:
  • Assessing the combined effects of temperature, salinity, and priming on Camelina seed germination.
  • Quantifying the impact of seed priming on cardinal temperatures of Camelina under salinity stress.
  • Comparing and selecting the superior nonlinear model (dent-like and segmented) for estimating Camelina cardinal temperatures under salinity stress and priming.

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