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Showing 4 results for Ebrahimi

Ahmad Nowruzian, Majid Masoumian, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi, Gholam Reza Bakhshi Khaniki,
Volume 3, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2017)
Abstract

Asafetida (Ferula assa- foetida L.) is an important medicinal plant belonging to Apiaceae family and has long dormancy. In this research, vernalization, washing time, GA3, medium strength, harvesting time and interaction of these treatments were studied to optimize condition of germination. The results showed that vernalization at 4-5°C for two weeks increased germination by 50%, as compared with the control. Maximum and minimum germinations were obtained for 6 and 2 hours’ washing, which was 42% and 20.47%, respectively. Germination of Ferula was increased (41.5%) by using 10 mg/l of GA3, as compared with the control. In addition, using half strength MS media led to a 25% increase in germination. Moreover, germination mean increased by applying these treatments to one-year-old seeds, in comparison with fresh ones (61% and 36%, respectively). By running factorial experiments in the CRD, the best combination of treatments which could significantly increase germination was a combination of vernalization (4-5°C for two weeks), half strength MS media, GA3 (10 mg/l) and washing time (6h). Given the results of the study, for the purpose of breaking the dormancy of Asafetida, it is suggested that use is made of one-year-old seeds, and half strength MS media, along with right combinations of vernalization, washing time and GA3.
 


Asma Ricki Maryshany, Mahdieh Ebrahimi, Ebrahim Shirmohammadi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2018)
Abstract

Extended abstract
Introduction: Allelopathic effects of plant on one another are one of the most important concerns in reclamation and rehabilitation of rangelands in Iran. Allelopathy refers to the deterrent effects of a plant on growth, development or emergence of another plant. One of the rangeland reclamation methods is planting suitable and compatible species. However, without considering the plant’s allelopathis characteristic, it is highly likely that the project will be a failure. The present study sought to investigate the effects of Artemisia sieberi extract on seedling emergence, some morphological characteristics and nutrient uptake of Prosopis cineraria which has hard emergence.
Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out under greenhouse conditions, with 23±5 °C, 60% relative humidity and 70% water-holding capacity of soil. The experimental design was a completely randomized one with four replications. Soil samples were selected from Deging village, located in the city of Khash (Sistan and Baloochestan Province). In order to prepare the plant extract, the A. sieberi samples were dried in the shade and were ground to powder. Then, 190 g of the powder was put in a plastic bottle, then filled with 1 L ethanol and placed on a shaker for 24 hours. The resulting solution was filtered out and the extract was obtained. The planting was carried out in plastic pots with the capacity of 6 kg which were filled with 3 kg of soil. In each pot, 30 seeds were buried, at a depth of 3 cm. The treatments were treated at concentrations of 0.2% (2 ml in 1000 ml distilled water), 0.4%, and zero along with plant irrigation. The parameters measured included emergence percentage and rate, radicle and pedicel length, seedling dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, carotenoid contents and nutrient uptake of P. cineraria.
Results: The results showed that A. sieberi extract significantly decreased plant photosynthetic pigments. The highest chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid belonged to the control treatment and by increasing extract concentration, photosynthetic pigments decreased. In addition, the findings were that the highest and lowest nitrogen and phosphorus contents were obtained in the 0.2 and 0.4% treatments, respectively. Potassium and manganese decreased with increases in extract concentration. However, with increases in extract concentration, zinc significantly increased in the plant tissues. In general, the results showed that A. sieberi extract increases P. cineraria emergence in the 0.2% treatment.
Conclusion: In general, morphological traits and photosynthetic pigments of P. cineraria decreased with increases in the concentrations of A. sieberi extract. Artemisia extract had a different effect on the absorption of nutrients by P. cineraria. at low concentrations. It increased nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption and increased concentrations of manganese in high concentrations. The concentration of 0.2% of Artemisia extract had a positive effect on plant emergence. Given the positive effect of A. sieberi on the emergence of P. cineraria, plant extract at low concentrations can be used to increase emergence of P. cineraria, especially given that the P. cineraria has an emergence problem. However, due to the negative effect of A. sieberi on growth and absorption of nutrients in P. cineraria, the cultivation of these two plants is not recommended in dry rangelands.
 
 
Highlights:
  1. The extract of A. sieberi had deterrent effects on seed emergence and morphological characteristics of P. cineraria.
  2. Increasing the concentration of the A. sieberi extract led to a decrease in the morphological characteristics of P. cineraria.
  3. A. sieberi extract had negative effects on photosynthesis pigments of P. cineraria.


Majed Chaab, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi, Sara Ghezelbash, Nasim Zarinpanjeh,
Volume 8, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract

Extended Abstract
Introduction: Cow tail (Smirnovia iranica) is considered a valuable shrub species indigenous and adapted to the sandy lands of the Iranian central regions which besides playing an essential role in the desert cover for soil protection and of forage production, is considered important due to its great medicinal values. Considering the fact that seed germination of this plant does not easily occur due to its hard and solid seed coat, in this study, the in vitro tissue culture and seedling establishment is utilized for the first time in order to surmount the obstacles laid ahead of cow tail seed germination.
Materials and Methods: Scratched seed, unscratched seed and seed embryo of cow tail as different explants were placed in two culture media (MS, MS with free amino acids complex) following surface sterilization, and were exposed to two photoperiod treatments (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness as well as absolute darkness) and were investigated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with six replications. Finally, germination percentage (10 days after seed culturing) and shoot length (30 days after seed germination) were evaluated.
Results: The results indicated that significance of the effect of investigated treatment conducted over some in vitro on germination characteristics. It was revealed that the cultivation of seed embryo in MS culture media along with free amino acids complex for 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness photo period can be considered as the best in vitro germination method, in terms of seed germination percentage (78.83%) and germinated shoot length (44.83 mm).
Conclusion: In vitro culture can be used to improve germination and seeding production of this species.

Highlights:
  1. The method for seed dormancy elimination of cow tail plant was introduced.
  2. The seed disinfection procedure for in vitro culture of cow tail plant was introduced.
  3. The components of in vitro culture medium for rapid and efficient seed germination of cow tail plant were introduced.

Mahnaz Kandi, Asa Ebrahimi, Marjan Diyanat, Hamid Saeidian,
Volume 10, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2023)
Abstract

Extended Abstract
Introduction: Weeds are one of the most important problems in agriculture and cause a lot of damage to crops. Overconsumption of herbicides in recent decades has led to harmful impacts on the environment and living organisms, including humans. In order to deal with these problems today, efforts are being made to reduce reliance on artificial herbicides and change direction towards sustainable agriculture as a part of integrated weed management. Among natural compounds, essential oils, which are components of aromatic and medicinal plants, were investigated to discover new herbicides.
Material and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of yarrow essential oil (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch) on the germination and growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) seedlings, two factorial experiments were conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in three replicates at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. The first factor was the type of essential oil in two levels (normal and nanoemulsion) and the second factor was the concentration of essential oil in six levels (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000 µl L-1).
Results and Discussion: Scanning electron microscopy images showed the particles were relatively sperhical and their size varied from 1 to 100 nm. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was -13.8 mV, indicating particle stability. Both type of essential oils reduced germination percentage, germination rate, plumule length, radicel length and seedling dry weight of both weeds and germination percentage decreased significantly with increasing concentration. At a concentration of 200 µl L-1, purslane treated with essential oil germinated 55.25%, but at the same concentration, the germination percentage of seeds treated with nanoemulsion of essential oil was 30.50%. Nanoemulsion of essential oil at concentration of 800 µl L-1 was able to completely prevent the germination and growth of purslane seedlings. Nanoemulsion of essential oil at a concentration of 1000 µl L-1 completely prevented rye seed germination. Germination rate decreased under treatment of yarrow essential oil and there was no difference between two types of essential oils at concentration of 200 µl L-1, but at a concentration of 800 µl, the germination rate of rye seeds treated with nanoemulsion of essential oil and ordinary essential oil reached to 1.40 and 0.32, respectively which was a significant difference.
Conclusions: The inhibition percentage of the studied traits in both weed species showed that the essential oil nanoemulsion was more effective than the normal essential oil. Yarrow essential oil was more effective on purslane weed compared to rye. Essential oils do not have similar effects on weeds and their inhibitory effects will be different depending on the concentration and species of weeds, and the selectivity of these compounds should be investigated. The production of nano essential oil of yarrow as a natural herbicide is a solution. It offers to control weeds in organic farming systems.

Highlights:
1- Nanoemulsion particles were produced from Yarrow essential oil
 2- Nanoemulsion particles had more inhibitory effects on the investigated weeds than the normal essential oil.


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