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Jamal Kiani, Ali Abbasi Surki, Abdulrazagh Danesh Shahraki,
Volume 5, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2018)
Abstract

Extended abstract
Introduction: Drought stress is one of the major problems in sugar beet production in Iran, and is the most important limiting factor for germination and establishment of sugar beet in the early stages of growth. Seed priming with chemical, nutrient elements or pre-chilling techniques are the most effective methods to improve germination percentage and speed, leading to uniform and tolerant seedlings in adverse environmental conditions.
Material and Methods:  In order to assess the effect of cold stratification and HCl treatments on the germination of sugar beet seed, cv. Ekbatan, under drought stress conditions, a RCBD factorial experiment with three replications was conducted in Seed Science and Technology Lab of Shahrekord University.  The first factor was stratification in two levels; the second factor was  seven levels of pretreatments including 2, 4 and 6 hours’ soaking in water and 0.03 HCL accompanied with control, and the third factor was four drought levels (control, -2, -4, -6 bar).
Result: Compared with the control, seed germination percentage and germination rate increased by at least 5-fold, relative germination by 50% and root and shoot length by 10%, due to stratification and duration of exposure to HCl treatments. With no stratification, germination traits increased with increases in exposure time in acid, and the highest values were obtained for the seeds exposed to HCl 0.03 normal for 6 hours. Although under optimal conditions, the effect of HCl was compensated for by stratification, in drought conditions, the highest values ​​were observed in stratified seeds and those placed in acid.
Conclusions: Since successful establishment of sugar beet seedlings at drought stress conditions is critical to achieving optimum density and yield, application of stratification treatments for one week and seed exposure to HCl increased the seed performance under stress conditions. This trend continued to increase with drought stress intensity, and placement of seeds in acid doubled seed germination in -2 bar drought conditions, which continued by 4 times in -6 bar, compared with stratified control seeds. Compared to separate application of the treatments, application of stratification and HCl treatments had synergistic effects on sugar beet seed performance, especially under drought stress conditions.
 
 
Highlights:
  1. Cold stratification and hydrochloric acid treatments increase the efficiency of sugar beet seeds under drought stress conditions.
  2. Cold stratification and Hydrochloric acid treatment have a synergistic effect on sugar beet seeds.


Nader Shahbazi, Seyyed Kamal Kazemitabar, Ghaffar Kiani, Ali Pakdin Parizi, Pooyan Mehraban Joubani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract

Extended abstract
Introduction: One of the ways to overcome the limitation of fresh water and lack of sufficient water reserves for agriculture is to use unconventional waters such as seawater. Salinity stress is the most important abiotic stress in seawater application. Identification and planting of salinity tolerant genotypes of a plant species is one of the effective and valuable strategies in reducing the effects of salinity stress. Germination, growth and seedling establishment are among the salinity-sensitive stages in most plants. Therefore, for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, it is necessary to study the traits and indicators related to tolerance in the germination stage.
Material and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of Plant Breeding Department of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2020. The first factor included the cultivars and the second included 5 salinity levels (control (no seawater), 3, 6, 9 and 11 dS (deciSiemens per meter) obtained from the incorporation of Caspian Sea and urban water. The number of germinated seeds was counted during eight days of salinity stress. Then, germination percentage, time required for 50% germination, seedling vigor index and germination rate were calculated. On the eighth day, radicle and plumule dry and fresg weights, radicle and plumule length and seedling dry weight were measured.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed the significance of the effect of different salinity levels, genotype and the interaction of salinity and genotype for all calculated indices at p<0.01. Mean comparison of the interaction of different levels of salinity and cultivars and landraces showed that all the studied traits except for the time to reach fifty percent germination decreased with increasing salinity. Among the studied cultivars, Oltan cultivar had the highest value of germination percentage (100%), germination rate (24.17 seeds per day), seedling vigor index (5.03), plumule length (55.67 mm), radicle length (70 mm), plumule fresh weight (62 mg), radicle fresh weight (45 mg), plumule dry weight (4.77 mg), seedling dry weight (6/23 Mg) and the lowest amount of the time required for 50% germination (24.17 hours) in control treatment. In contrast, Pakistani cultivar had the lowest germination rate (3.06 seeds per day), seedling vigor index (1), plumule length (8.33 mm), radicle length (3 mm), plumule fresh weight (10 mg), radicle fresh weight (2 mg), plumule dry weight (0.57 mg), seedling dry weight (0.84 mg) and the highest time required for 50% germination (24.17 hours) in 11 dS / m salinity level. Using the results of this experiment, among the studied cultivars, Oltan cultivar was selected as the most tolerant and Pakistani cultivar as the most sensitive cultivars to salinity stress at the germination stage.
Conclusion: The studied cultivars and landraces showed different reactions in terms of germination indices when treated with salinity from seawater. The high significant difference in this experiment indicated the high genetic diversity among the studied genotypes. It is possible to choose from these genotypes for salinity tolerance breeding programs in sesame plant.

Highlights:
  1. Different sesame genotypes at different levels of sea salt salinity showed different response at germination stage.
  2. Among the cultivars studied, Oltan, Nazetakshakhe, Halil and Dashtashtan 2 showed a high degree of tolerance to salinity stress.


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