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Showing 38 results for Seed Vigor
Vahdat Rajaee, Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari, Zeinab Avarseji, Masoumeh Naeemi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Extended abstract Introduction: Nowadays exploitation of hetrotoxic characteristics of hetrotoxic plants regarding harmful effects of synthetic herbicides can most important role in weeds management and their control. In fact chemical compounds which is released by root, stem, leaf, flowers, seeds pollen, fruit and seeds can be used as bio herbicides and bio pesticides. The purpose of this srudy was evaluation of hetrotoxicity potential of Datura stramonium L. shoots on germination traits and photosynthetic pigments of wheat cultivars. Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate hetrotoxicity potential of aqueous extract of different organs of Datura stramonium L. such as stem, leaf, fruit and mixed of them on germination traits and photosynthetic pigments of two cultivars of wheat (Kohdasht and N8720) as factorial experiment based on compeletly randomized design in three replications in Weeds Scince Laboratory of Gonbad-e- Kavous University in 2017. Datura stramonium shoot was collected at fruit formation stage in the Moghan plain and seprated into stem, leaf and fruit firstly. Five ml of studied extracts as well as mixed of them were added on 25 disinfected seeds of studied cultivars separately. Results: Results showed that wheat cultivars had a different response to organs extract and this difference also were significant for various organs extract as well as interaction effect of cultivars in organs extract. Mean comparison of interaction of cultivars and organs showed that germination percent of Kohdash were decreased under experimental treatments. The highest decrease effect was obtained in the leaf extract about 98.33%. In return, stem, fruit and mixed organs had an increase effect on germination percent of N8720 about 5.72, 5.72 and 1.41% respectively. Result of the germination rate was similar with result of germination percent. Radicle and shoot length of both cultivars under experimental treatments were decreased. Leaf extract had an highest inhibition effect on radicle and shoot length about 96.70 and 89.21% respectively. Content of total chlorophyll of both cultivars of Kohdast and N8720 were increased under aqueous extract of stem (24.64%) and fruit (14.62%). Where as, extract of other organs and mixed of them had a decrease effect on studied trait. The result of carotenoid also was similar with result of total chlorophyll. Persumably, difference in allelochemicals concentration in various organs of Datura stramonium and physiological chracteractics of studied traits in cultivars caused different behavior. Conclusions: According to the results, use of Datura stramonium biomass esspecially leaf, it is suggested as natural herbicides and strategy of non- chemical management. To accomplish this need to analyze phytochemical compounds of this weed. Highlights:
- Extract of different parts of Datura stramonium weed had a different effect on germination traits and content of chlorophyll and carotenoids of both cultivars of Kohdast and N8720.
- Leaf extract of Datura stramonium significantly decrease germination traits and content of chlorophyll and carotenoids of Kohdasht cultivar seedlings.
3- Use of Datura stramonium can be a good option for appearance of natural herbicides.
Hassan Nouriyani,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Today, various technologies have been developed to improve seed quality with the aim of increasing the percentage, speed and uniformity of germination and improved seedling establishment under different environmental conditions. One of these technologies is seed pre-treatment or seed priming. In this regard, some studies confirmed that pre-treatment of seeds with hormones and plant growth regulators improve germination behavior and its related indices, including average germination time, seed vigor, radicle length, plumule length, germination rate and seedling establishment in primed seeds of sesame. Cognizant of the sensitivity of the germination process as the first plant developmental stage and the importance of improving germination indices and sesame seedling establishment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the seed priming efficiency, using salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and humic acid in the germination performance, biochemical changes and early seedling growth of two sesame cultivars including Yellow white and local cultivar of Dezful.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the seed technology Laboratory of Safi Abad Dezful Agricultural Research Center in the summer of 2015. The first factor was seed pre-treatment with distilled water (control), salicylic acid 0.1mM, methyl jasmonate 1µM, and humic acid 1.5% and the second factor was two varieties of sesame including Yellow white and the local cultivar of Dezful. Germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, radicle length, plumule length, allometric coefficient, proline content, soluble proteins and catalase enzyme activity were determined to compare the treatments.
Results: The results of the experiment showed that seeds priming had a significant effect on germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, radicle length, plumule length, allometric coefficient and seedling biochemical changes, and improved them. The effect of cultivar on all the traits studied, except mean daily germination and plumule length, was not significant. In this research, the Dezful cultivar had an average of 13.52 seeds per day with higher germination rates, compared with the other cultivar (Yellow white). In addition, the interaction of priming × cultivar was significant only in seed vigor index and allometric coefficient, where the comparison of the mean values indicated that the highest seed vigor was obtained by using humic acid 1.5% in the Dezful cultivar (10.09), while the highest allometric coefficient in seed pre-treatment with methyl jasmonate was found in the Yellow white cultivar (1.57).
Conclusions: In this study, the most effective seed priming treatments for improving germination, biochemical changes and seedling growth of sesame was humic acid 1.5%, recorded for the local cultivar of Dezful. Seed priming with humic acid 1.5% was significantly better than the control and Dezful cultivar’s germination performance was better than that of Yellow white cultivar; therefore it can be said that pre-treatment of seed with humic acid with significant effects on germination characteristics of sesame can be more effective in establishment of seedlings. It is advisable to use this organic acid for better root system development and sesame seedlings establishment, which is a major problem at the beginning of the growing season.
Highlights:
- Humic acid was the most effective seed priming treatment on germination characteristics, biochemical changes and seedlings growth of sesame.
- The effect of seed priming treatments on the germination characteristics of the Dezful cultivar was more pronounced than that of Yellow white.
Hossein Nastari Nasrabadi, Mehdi Moradi, Mohammad Naser Modoodi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Using of plant growth regulators is one of the methods can improve plant growth against environmental stresses such as salinity. Salicylic acid plays an important role in physiological processes regulation, including germination. Today, using of growth promoting bacteria has been increased and it causes to raise the seed vigor, uniformity, germination percentage and better seedling establishment. Growth promoting bacteria can be effect on increasing plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions by interposition in plant hormones production such as auxin, GA, cytokinins, and as well as the stabilization of nitrogen or phosphorus availability and other nutrients
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Salicylic acid factor (SA) was selected at two levels (0 and 1 mM). The bacterial treatments included Azotobacter (AZ), Azospirilum (AZP), complex of Azotobacter and Azospirillum (AZ + AZP), and without inoculation (C) and salinity treatment (S) was at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM).
Results: Results showed that all treatments had no significant effect on germination percentage. Radicle and plumule length, seed vigor index and seedling fresh weight was significantly increased at 50 mM NaCl. Generally speaking, the elongation of plant organs when treated with low concentrations of salts may induce osmotic adjustment activity in the plants which may improve growth. Germination rate, Radicle and plumule length and seed vigor index were significantly increased by salicylic acid treatment. AZ and AZ+AZP increased germination parameters significantly than control. Generally germination factors were better improved by combination salicylic acid with AZ than AZP and AZ+AZP. These results could indicate the synergistic relationship between growth promoting bacteria and salicylic acid.
Conclusion: According to the results pre-treatment of melon seeds by 1 mM salicylic acid and Azotobacter can be proposed to improve seed germination and seedling establishment under salinity stress.
Highlights:
- Effect of salinity on seed germination characteristics of melon.
- Effect of biofertilizer and salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth of melon under salt stress.
Farnaz Porali, Farshid Ghaderi-Far, Elias Soltani, Mohammad Hadi Palevani,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Germination speed is one of the most important germination indices, used in most studies to compare the effects of different treatments on seed germination. Researchers use the reverse time up to 50% maximum germination (1/D50) to calculate the germination rate. One of the methods used for calculating the D50 is the utilization of nonlinear regression models such as Logestic, Gompertz, Richard, Weibull and Hill. In addition, for the purpose of calculating this parameter, simple empirical models such as the model presented by Farooq et al. and Ellis and Roberts are used. The question which arises is which of these methods has more precision predicting D50. The purpose of this study was to calculate D50, using different methods in seed germination of cotton.
Material and Methods: In this experiment, cottonseeds were placed at three temperatures of 15, 25 and 40°C with three replications, and germinated seeds were counted daily several times. To calculate D50, several nonlinear regression models including Gompertze, Logestic, Hill (the four-parameter), Richard and Weibull models were used. Moreover, for the purpose of calculating D50, the models presented by Farooq et al. and Ellis and Roberts were used.
Results: The results showed that all nonlinear regression models exhibited suitable fit to germination data. However, logestic, Hill and Weibull showed better predictability of D50, compared with other models. Besides, D50 calculated by the Farooq model was similar to that estimated by nonlinear regression models, whereas D50 estimated by the Ellis and Roberts model was higher than that estimated by other models.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that both non-linear regression models and the model developed by Farooq could be used to calculate D50 of cottonseed. In general, the results of this study showed that nonlinear regression models could be used to calculate D50. In this research, Logestic, Hill, and Weibull showed good fit for cumulative seed germination data of cotton seeds versus time at different temperatures. These models have coefficients that have a biological concept that includes maximum germination percentage, time to 50% maximum germination and time to start germination. Moreover, when researchers only seek to measure D50 and are not familiar with the statistical software, they can use the empirical formula presented in this research.
Highlights:
Hasan Teimori, Hamidreza Balouchi, Ali Moradi, Elias Soltani,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Seed germination is one of the first important and complex stages in the plant life cycle and is affected by many hereditary and environmental factors. Various factors affect germination and seedling establishment. Among these factors are the characteristics of the maternal plant (nutrition, genetics), seed treatment stage at harvest time, as well as environmental factors (temperature, water potential, and ventilation and soil compaction). Also, under the influence of seed loss during storage, seed vigor, which is known as the first component of seed quality, decrease. The aim of this study was investigation of germination and biochemichal responses of the aged seed of Fenugreek to different temperature and humidity ranges.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University in 2016. The experimental treatments consisted of nine levels of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius), water potential included seven levels (zero (control), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 MPa) and seed aging at two levels (no aged (control) and aged seed).
Results: In this experiment, the effect of seed aging, water potential and their interactions on each environment on germination indices (germination percentage and germination rate, length and weight vigor index) and biochemical indices (soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein and catalase enzymes) of Fenugreek seeds were significant. The results showed that in the aged seed the germination percentage and rate and seedling vigor index tended to decrease with water potential reduce in temperature lower and higher than 20 degrees Celsius, and the amount of biochemical components of the seed (soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, and catalase enzyme) also increase.
Conclusion: In general, germination and biochemical indices of seed of Fenugreek are sensitive to water potentials, aging, and seed germination temperatures, respectively. In terms of osmotic potential decrese, the germination temperature of less than 20 ° C resulted in increased germination resistance of fenugreek seed to a more negative water potential.
Highlights:
- Study of germination and biochemical properties of fenugreek seed aged under different level of osmotic potantials and temperatures.
- In areas with a lower osmotic potential it is better to cultivate Fenugreek seed at temperatures below 20 °C.
Mahsa Nazer, Seyed Mohammadreza Ehteshami, Masoumeh Salehi, Ali Kafighasemi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 1 (9-2019)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonolob) which belongs to fabaceae and leguminosae families is self-pollinating and is indigenous to India and Pakistan. This plant is suitable for growth in dry, damp and sandy soils, and can tolerate saline and relatively alkaline soils. Determining the best time for harvesting seeds and its timing with maximum quality is one of the important issues in the field of seed production management. The changes in the physiological quality of seeds occur during development until seed treatment. The use of high-quality seeds plays an important role in the final yield of crops. The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable time for harvesting seeds because seed moisture content at harvest time is one of the most important factors affecting seed quality.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in July 2013 at Iraqi Research Station in Gorgan, Golestan, Iran in a split-plot design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the time of harvesting the seeds from the mother's base in six stages (with different moisture content) and harvesting places (upper, middle, and bottom pods) so that, starting from the podding, every 7 days, the seeds were removed from the base. The mother was harvested and such traits as germination rate, germination percentage, seedling vigor, seed moisture content, and alpha-amylase activity were calculated. In this research, a logistic model was used to study the changes in germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor index and straw index during seed dressing on Guar.
Results: The results of this study showed that the hypothesis that seed reaches its maximum quality at the end of the period of seed filling is confirmed, suggesting that with a moisture content of 30 and 14% in late seed filling period, Guar seeds have the highest quality. In general, the results of the present study confirm that the stages of development and management of Guar seeds on maternal basis have an impact on its quality. In the early stages of growth (humidity 85, 80 and 62 percent), due to prematurity and lack of essential seed structures, the qualitative traits of germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor, and strawberry index were low, and with the evolution of essential structures and reduced seed moisture content (58, 30 and 14%), the quality traits increased.
Conclusions: In general, it can be concluded that the best timing for harvesting Guar seeds with the highest quality in Golestan province is when seed moisture reaches 14% or 100 days after planting, and the pods formed at the bottom are the ones with the highest quality.
Highlights:
- To investigate the qualitative indices of Guar seed on the mother plant during seed filling period
- To determine the best harvest time and its adaptation with the highest quality of Guar seed
Mahnaz Tatari, Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari, Zeinab Avarseji, Mehdi Zarei,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Due to their aggressive and competitive habits, weeds inhibit the growth of valuable plants. Interference in plants includes environmental competition and allelopathy (Autotoxicity and hetrotoxicity). In hetrotoxicity, chemical compounds released from plants are able to effect the neighboring plants. Proper management of weeds and the exploitation of their hetrotoxicity potential can reduce losses caused by weeds. This could also represent an effective step towards the reduction of the use of herbicides. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hetrotoxicity potential of aqueous extract of various organs of Malva sylvestris L. weed on traits of germination and photosynthetic pigments of Echinochloa crus-galli L.
Material and Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of hetrotoxicity potential of aqueous extract of Malva sylvestris L. weed including the stem, leaf and flower as well as their mixture on traits of germination and photosynthetic pigments of Echinochloa crus-galli L. as a completely randomized design in three replications in Weeds Science Laboratory of Gonbad Kavous University in 2017. For this experiment, aerial parts of M. sylvestris were first collected at the flowering stage from Ramian field. They were subsequently separated with great care and were powdered. Then from them, 5% suspensions (weight/volume) were prepared, using distilled water. Finally, the extract of each organ of M. sylvestris was added to Petri dishes containing E. crus-galli seeds. After the 7th day, traits such as rate and percentage of germination, radical and shoot elongation, vigor index, total content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids were measured.
Results: The results showed that various organs of M. sylvestris and their mixture had different inhibitory effects on traits of germination and seedling length of E. crus-galli weed. The highest inhibition effects on rate and germination percentage and elongation of radical and shoot of E. crus-galli were obtained using leaf extract of M. sylvestris about 64.04, 64.37, 87.69, 62.81%. In this study, radical length is more affected under hetrotoxic compounds of various organs of M. sylvestris, as compared with shoot length. Based on the results, various organs of M. sylvestris and their mixture also have different inhibitory effects on chlorophyll and carotenoid content of E. crus-galli weed. It seems that the differential effects among different organs of M. sylvestris are a function of the threshold concentration of allelochemicals to hetrotoxic compounds of the organs, which causes various response by E. crus-galli.
Conclusion: Given the evidence for the effect of hetrotoxicity potential of various organs of M. sylvestris on traits of germination and pigments of chlorophyll and carotenoid of E. crus-galli and huge biomass generated, it is advisable to exploit allelochemical compounds of this plant as bio-herbicides.
Highlights:
1- Study of the the effect of hetrotoxic potential of Malva sylvestris weed on germination characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of Echinochloa crus-galli in Ramian field.
2- E. crus-galli weed exhibits great sensitivity to hetrotoxic compounds of various organs of M. sylvestris, especially the leaves.
3- Allelopathic characteristics of M. sylvestris weed have huge potentials for the production of bio-herbicides.
Esmaeil Gholnezhad, Naser Samsami, Abbas Abhari,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Soybean is a plant that has a moderate tolerance to drought stress. Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting soybean production by about 40%. In addition, drought stress reduces seed vigor as a result of stress conditions. Positive effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the increment of dry matter and plant biomass, especially in low-irrigated conditions and in dry areas have been proven. The reason for the increase in crop yield in mycorrhizal inoculated plants is their water balance in water deficit stress conditions and as a result, absorption of water and mineral elements. Rhizobium bacteria, carbohydrates, and other foods are catched from the phloem vessels and the received energy is used to convert nitrogen to ammonium ion and eventually amino acids. Japonicum rhizobium bacterium is not naturally found in soils of Iran and the bacteria should be added to the soil along with seeds.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out to determine the germination characteristics, seed vigor and its related traits in soybean Kosar cultivar grown under drought stress conditions and inoculation with mycorrhiza and bacteria with three replications during 2018. In the field experiment, drought stress included optimal irrigation (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation), moderate stress (irrigation after 110 mm evaporation) and severe drought stress (irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan), mycorrhizal fungus in three levels, mycorrhiza-free, and inoculation with glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium bacterium in two levels, including no inoculation and inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum.
Results: The mean comparison showed that the seeds obtained under normal irrigation, inoculation with mycorrhiza and bacteria had the highest dry weight of radicle, plumule and seedling, percentage and germination rate. The lowest electrical conductivity of the seeds and the mean time of germination were obtained under these condition. Severe and moderate drought stress reduced stress tolerance index, root tolerance index and stem tolerance index, seedling vigor index and seed vigor index compared to optimum irrigation about 42-23, 38-18, 30-18, 50-26 and 41-21) percent, respectively. Inoculation with Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the seed vigor index, radicle lentgh, plumule lentgh and seedling length compared to non-inoculation with mycorhizal fungi by 48-42, 27-26, 41-37 and 35-33 percent, respectively. Inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum increased radicle lentgh, plumule lentgh and seedling lentgh compared to non-inoculation with bacterium by 21%, 16% and 18%, respectively. The highest water percentage in seedling tissue was obtained under optimum irrigation conditions, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation with rhizobium bacteria.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in all three different irrigation conditions to improve germination and increase seed vigor, the use of mycorrhiza fungi is effective especially glomus mosseae and inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria.
Highlights:
- Germination characteristics, germination rate and duration of soybean Kosar cultivar on seeds obtained under different irrigation conditions were investigated.
- The effect of mycorrhiza and bacteria on seed vigor and related traits were evaluated under different levels of drought stress.
- The damage done to the seed membranes due to the interaction of irrigation and inoculation with mycorrhiza and bacterium was investigated.
Amin Haghighi, Yazdan Izady, Miad Haji Mahmoudi, Seyed Amir Moosavi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Seed germination and seedling emergence depend on the genetics of plant species and are also influenced by environmental factors. Genetics and nutritional status of the maternal plant, maturity stage at a time of harvest, and environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, drought, and soil fertility influence seed germination. Seed vigor as the main parameter of seed quality decreases due to accelerated aging and storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of accelerated aged Chia seed to different levels of salinity stress.
Material and Methods: Two-way factorial experiment with experimental factors, including five levels of seed accelerated aging durations (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h) and six levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM) was arranged based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted at seed technology laboratory Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, in 2019.
Results: Results of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of seed accelerating aging, salinity stress, and interaction effects of both factors on all measured germination traits were significant (p<0.01). The best pattern of seed germination was evaluated using three-parameter sigmoid models (logistic, Gompertz, and sigmoidal) and two polynomial models (quadratic and cubic), then the performance of all models was compared using (R2adj), root square of the mean (RMSE) and corrected Akaike index (AICc). Results showed that at accelerated aging duration, models' performance to describe Chia seed germination response varied at different levels of salinity stress. At no aging and 72h of accelerated aging treatments, the sigmoidal model exhibited the best fit on final seed germination, whereas for the other levels of accelerated aging, Gompertz exhibited the best fit. Based on the output of the sigmoidal model, for no aging and 72 hours of accelerated aging, 50% of seed germination was declined at 171.7 and 76.9 mM, respectively, and based on the results of the Gompertz model, after 24 and 48 h of accelerated aging, seed germination declined to 50% at 163.8 and 129.6 mM. Results obtained from fitting polynomial models on seed germination showed that the cubic model provides reasonable descriptions for studied traits such as seed vigor.
Conclusion: Chia seed germination was sensitive to salinity and accelerated aging treatments. At no aging condition, Chia seeds tolerate salinity stress up to 200 mM and were able to germinate. By increasing aging durations, seed germination declined dramatically at all salinity levels and after 96 hours of aging, there was no seed germination at 150 mM.
Highlights:
1- The best nonlinear model to study accelerated Chia seed response to salinity stress was selected using the model selection criterion.
2- Chia seed germination threshold to salinity stress was determined for not- aged and aged seeds.
Introduction: Seed germination and seedling emergence depend on the genetics of plant species and are also influenced by environmental factors. Genetics and nutritional status of the maternal plant, maturity stage at a time of harvest, and environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, drought, and soil fertility influence seed germination. Seed vigor as the main parameter of seed quality decreases due to accelerated aging and storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of accelerated aged Chia seed to different levels of salinity stress.
Material and Methods: Two-way factorial experiment with experimental factors, including five levels of seed accelerated aging durations (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h) and six levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM) was arranged based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted at seed technology laboratory Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, in 2019.
Results: Results of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of seed accelerating aging, salinity stress, and interaction effects of both factors on all measured germination traits were significant (p<0.01). The best pattern of seed germination was evaluated using three-parameter sigmoid models (logistic, Gompertz, and sigmoidal) and two polynomial models (quadratic and cubic), then the performance of all models was compared using (R2adj), root square of the mean (RMSE) and corrected Akaike index (AICc). Results showed that at accelerated aging duration, models' performance to describe Chia seed germination response varied at different levels of salinity stress. At no aging and 72h of accelerated aging treatments, the sigmoidal model exhibited the best fit on final seed germination, whereas for the other levels of accelerated aging, Gompertz exhibited the best fit. Based on the output of the sigmoidal model, for no aging and 72 hours of accelerated aging, 50% of seed germination was declined at 171.7 and 76.9 mM, respectively, and based on the results of the Gompertz model, after 24 and 48 h of accelerated aging, seed germination declined to 50% at 163.8 and 129.6 mM. Results obtained from fitting polynomial models on seed germination showed that the cubic model provides reasonable descriptions for studied traits such as seed vigor.
Conclusion: Chia seed germination was sensitive to salinity and accelerated aging treatments. At no aging condition, Chia seeds tolerate salinity stress up to 200 mM and were able to germinate. By increasing aging durations, seed germination declined dramatically at all salinity levels and after 96 hours of aging, there was no seed germination at 150 mM.
Highlights:
1- The best nonlinear model to study accelerated Chia seed response to salinity stress was selected using the model selection criterion.
2- Chia seed germination threshold to salinity stress was determined for not- aged and aged seeds.
Ahmad Zare, Elham Elahifard, Zahra Asadinejad,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Syrian mesquite is introduced as a weed in wheat and barley fields, saffron, cotton and vegetables, and in orchards. The spread of this weed in different climates raises the question of how much native plant conditions can affect germination characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of native plant conditions on germination characteristics in response to environmental stresses (temperature, salinity, and drought).
Materials and Methods: To investigate dormancy elimination and germination response thresholds of two Syrian mesquite ecotypes (Khuzestan and Fars) to environmental factors (temperature, salinity, and drought), four separate experiments were carried out as factorial based on completely block design with three replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Treatments included immersion the seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min), different temperature (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C), salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mM), and different levels of drought stress (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 MPa).
Results: The time required for immersion of seeds in sulfuric acid to dormancy breaking for two ecotypes was different. The estimated parameters indicated time of immersion in sulfuric acid to reach 50% germination in the Khuzestan ecotype (11.38 min) was longer than the Fars ecotype (8.10 min). The Khuzestan ecotype was also able to germinate (45%) at 40 ° C, whereas germination in the Fars ecotype was stopped at this temperature. Germination rate and cumulative germination percentage at temperatures below 25 ° C were higher in Fars ecotype than in the Khuzestan ecotype. The results of the salinity experiment showed that 50% reduction in seed vigor index, final germination percentage, and germination rate in the Fars ecotype were 167.48, 404.46, and 307.02 mM respectively and in the Khuzestan ecotype were 0.89. 229, 380.16, and 299.57 mM, respectively. For drought treatments, 50% reduction in final germination percentage, seed vigor index, and germination rate in Fars ecotype were -0.50, -0.38, and -0.39 MPa, respectively, and in Khuzestan ecotype were -0.46, -0.46, and -0.50 MPa, respectively.
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that native plant climatic conditions (latitude and longitude, elevation, rainfall, and temperature) can affect the degree of seed dormancy, resistance to environmental stresses such as temperature, salinity, and drought.
Highlights:
1- Seed germination response thresholds of two ecotypes of Fars and Khuzestan for exposure to temperature and drought and salinity stresses were compared.
Meysam Miri, Mohammdreza Amerian, Mohsen Edalat, Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi, Hasan Makarian,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Germination is considered the first and most important stage of establishment and consequently, successful competition which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors influencing the germination, temperature and light are the most important ones. Using different models, the germination response of seeds to temperature can be quantified; therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of temperature on germination and to quantify the germination response of Buckwheat seed (Fagopyrum esculentum Moenc) to temperature using nonlinear regression models and thermal-time model.
Materials and methods: The seeds were germinated in 4 replications of 25 seeds under 8 constant temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C). Using a three-parameter logistic model, Buckwheat seed germination was quantified at different temperature levels and the percentage and time to reach 50% germination were obtained. Four nonlinear regression models and a thermal-time model were used to quantify the response of Buckwheat seed germination rate to temperature. To compare the models and determine the most appropriate model, the root mean square error index (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error (SE) were used for the observed germination rate versus the predicted germination rate.
Results: The results indicated that temperature affected the seedling length, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor and the germination rate as well as germination percentage. Also, the results showed that germination characteristics increased with increasing temperature up to 20 and 25 °C. Comparison of the three models based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of germination time, the coefficient of determination (R2), CV and SE, the best model to determine the cardinal temperatures of Fagopyrum esculentum was the dent-like model. The results of thermal-time model showed that the base temperature of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds was 4.01 ° C and the thermal-time coefficient was 1242.6 h° C.
Conclusion: Utilization of non-linear regression models (segmented, dent-like and beta) and thermal-time model to quantify the germination response of Fagopyrum esculentum response to different temperatures led to acceptable results. Therefore, germination rate and percentage may be predicted using the outputs of these models at different temperatures.
Highlights:
Introduction: Germination is considered the first and most important stage of establishment and consequently, successful competition which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors influencing the germination, temperature and light are the most important ones. Using different models, the germination response of seeds to temperature can be quantified; therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of temperature on germination and to quantify the germination response of Buckwheat seed (Fagopyrum esculentum Moenc) to temperature using nonlinear regression models and thermal-time model.
Materials and methods: The seeds were germinated in 4 replications of 25 seeds under 8 constant temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C). Using a three-parameter logistic model, Buckwheat seed germination was quantified at different temperature levels and the percentage and time to reach 50% germination were obtained. Four nonlinear regression models and a thermal-time model were used to quantify the response of Buckwheat seed germination rate to temperature. To compare the models and determine the most appropriate model, the root mean square error index (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error (SE) were used for the observed germination rate versus the predicted germination rate.
Results: The results indicated that temperature affected the seedling length, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor and the germination rate as well as germination percentage. Also, the results showed that germination characteristics increased with increasing temperature up to 20 and 25 °C. Comparison of the three models based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of germination time, the coefficient of determination (R2), CV and SE, the best model to determine the cardinal temperatures of Fagopyrum esculentum was the dent-like model. The results of thermal-time model showed that the base temperature of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds was 4.01 ° C and the thermal-time coefficient was 1242.6 h° C.
Conclusion: Utilization of non-linear regression models (segmented, dent-like and beta) and thermal-time model to quantify the germination response of Fagopyrum esculentum response to different temperatures led to acceptable results. Therefore, germination rate and percentage may be predicted using the outputs of these models at different temperatures.
Highlights:
- The best temperature for Fagopyrum esculentum Moenc. seed germination is 20-25 Celsius.
- The dent-like model was determined the most appropriate model for estimating the cardinal temperatures of Buckwheat.
Roya Ghorbani, Ali Movafeghi, Ali Ganjeali, Jafar Nabati,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Drought stress, as abiotic and multidimensional stress, has severe effects on plant growth. One of the new approaches in the management of drought stress is the use of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles infilterate the seeds and increase nutrient and water uptake and ultimately, improve germination. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on chickpea plant germination factors to modify the negative effects of drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications on chickpea seeds of Arman cultivar in the Plant Sciences Research Institute of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019. Seeds were primed with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 titanium dioxide for 24 hours. The seeds were cultured in sterilized Petri dishes. Drought stress was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000 with 0, -2, -4 and -8 bar osmotic potentials.
Results: The analysis of variance results showed that the interaction effect of drought stress and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was significant on germination rate, the number of normal seedlings, seed vigor index, germination index, length of seedling, radicle length, and radicle dry weight. All germination traits were inhibited as a result of drought stress. On the other hand, the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles partially decreased this inhibition in some traits. Germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor index, germination index, epicotyl length, radicle length and radicle dry weight decreased as a result of stress.
Conclusion: At all drought stress levels, the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg L-1 significantly improved traits such as germination percentage, seed vigor index, epicotyl length, and epicotyl dry weight. It seems that nanoparticles can stimulate cell activity and increase the transformation of reserves to translocatable material and consequently, improve germination characteristics. Thus, the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to a concentration of 20 mg L-1 can partially reduce the negative effects of drought stress on the germination characteristics of chickpeas.
Highlights:
1- Germination percentage and seed vigor index of chickpea increased with the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg l-1 at all drought stress levels.
2- The radicle length and dry weight of chickpea increased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
3- The negative effects of drought stress on chickpea seed germination decreased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Introduction: Drought stress, as abiotic and multidimensional stress, has severe effects on plant growth. One of the new approaches in the management of drought stress is the use of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles infilterate the seeds and increase nutrient and water uptake and ultimately, improve germination. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on chickpea plant germination factors to modify the negative effects of drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications on chickpea seeds of Arman cultivar in the Plant Sciences Research Institute of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019. Seeds were primed with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 titanium dioxide for 24 hours. The seeds were cultured in sterilized Petri dishes. Drought stress was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000 with 0, -2, -4 and -8 bar osmotic potentials.
Results: The analysis of variance results showed that the interaction effect of drought stress and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was significant on germination rate, the number of normal seedlings, seed vigor index, germination index, length of seedling, radicle length, and radicle dry weight. All germination traits were inhibited as a result of drought stress. On the other hand, the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles partially decreased this inhibition in some traits. Germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor index, germination index, epicotyl length, radicle length and radicle dry weight decreased as a result of stress.
Conclusion: At all drought stress levels, the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg L-1 significantly improved traits such as germination percentage, seed vigor index, epicotyl length, and epicotyl dry weight. It seems that nanoparticles can stimulate cell activity and increase the transformation of reserves to translocatable material and consequently, improve germination characteristics. Thus, the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to a concentration of 20 mg L-1 can partially reduce the negative effects of drought stress on the germination characteristics of chickpeas.
Highlights:
1- Germination percentage and seed vigor index of chickpea increased with the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg l-1 at all drought stress levels.
2- The radicle length and dry weight of chickpea increased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
3- The negative effects of drought stress on chickpea seed germination decreased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Seyedeh Tina Mousavi Kani, Davoud Kartoolinejad, Zohreh Bahrami, Ali Asghar Zolfaghari, Elahe Nikouee,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, due to land use change and destruction of natural resources induced by human activities, attention to desertification has immensely become widespread. One of the most important species for biological rehabilitation of desert areas on a large scale is the hawthorn plant. Hawthorn is a plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, the two species of which are called white saxaul (Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boissier & Buhse) and black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin) are more notorious and widespread in Iran. These plants own extensive root systems and stabilize running sands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles on germination traits of black saxaul seeds under drought stress, as an important species in desert areas.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments included five titanium nano dioxides with concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg / l and six drought stress levels including 0, -4, -8, -12, -16 and -20 bar. After nanopriming, black saxaul seeds were subjected to drought stress for 15 days in a germinator at a temperature of 20 °C with four replications. After germination, in each of the treatments, germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GS), mean germination time (MGT) and seed vigor index (VI) were calculated.
Results: The results of two-way ANOVA and mean comparison of germination indices showed that the highest germination percentage (74%) belonged to the zero level of stress treatment with a concentration of 200 mg/l and the lowest one (3%) belonged to -20 bar treatment with 25 and 200 mg/l nano-titanium dioxide. With increasing drought stress intensity from zero to -20 bar level, germination rate decreased from 7.01 to 0.43 seeds per day. The highest amount of seed vigor index at zero drought level belonged to the treatment of 200 mg/l concentration of nano-titanium, with a rate of 325.77.
Conclusion: The results showed that germination indices and initial growth of black saxaul seeds decreased in all primed and unprimed treatments with increasing drought stress, and nanopriming with titanium dioxide had a positive effect on seed germination traits.
Highlights:
1- Seed priming using mesoporous nano-titanium dioxide improved the germination percentage of black saxaul seeds under drought stress.
2- The concentration of 200 mg/l of mesoporous nano titanium dioxide revealed a better effect on seed germination index, mean germination time, germination rate and percentage
3- Seed nano priming using titanium dioxide did not have much effect on the growth characteristics of black saxaul seedlings at higher levels of drought stress.
Amin Salehi, Yaghoub Behzadi, Raham Mohtashami, Nasrin Niknam,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual oilseed crop that is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions and is considered an indigenous plant of Iran. Germination and seedling stage in the soil is one of the most important stages in the life cycle of plants. High germination rate and percentage increase the number of seedlings and the rapid successful establishment of seedlings in the soil also contributes to the suitable vegetative growth of the seedlings in later stages of life. Therefore, evaluation of germination indices and seedling establishment in the soil and finding more suitable conditions to improve these indices can have a direct impact on more successful plant cultivation. One of the methods used in this regard is priming.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and temperature treatments on germination indices and seedling growth of the safflower, this investigation was conducted based on a completely randomized block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Laboratory of Yasouj University in 2016. Experimental factors were seven levels of temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C) and seed priming with three strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens such as Pf 2, Pf 25 and CHA 0 and one strain of Bacillus subtilis and control (without inoculation).
Results: The results showed that 20°C temperature caused the highest germination percentage, germination rate and vigor length. Also, seeds inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens growth-promoting bacteria strain CHA0 had the highest germination percentage (68.74), germination rate (3.49 seeds per day) and vigor length vigor (6.22). Seedling length, dry weight and vigor weight were the other parameters that showed the best results at 20 and 25°C. Also, germination and seedling growth indices decreased by an increase or decrease in the optimum temperature. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria causes increased activity of ascorbate and catalase enzymes, which leads to a decrease in injuries related to non-optimum temperature and improved germination indices.
Conclusion: According to our results, to accelerate the germination rate and other parameters, it is better to inoculate seeds with bacteria strains CHA0 and 25 in the temperature range of 20-25°C.
Highlights:
Introduction: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual oilseed crop that is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions and is considered an indigenous plant of Iran. Germination and seedling stage in the soil is one of the most important stages in the life cycle of plants. High germination rate and percentage increase the number of seedlings and the rapid successful establishment of seedlings in the soil also contributes to the suitable vegetative growth of the seedlings in later stages of life. Therefore, evaluation of germination indices and seedling establishment in the soil and finding more suitable conditions to improve these indices can have a direct impact on more successful plant cultivation. One of the methods used in this regard is priming.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and temperature treatments on germination indices and seedling growth of the safflower, this investigation was conducted based on a completely randomized block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Laboratory of Yasouj University in 2016. Experimental factors were seven levels of temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C) and seed priming with three strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens such as Pf 2, Pf 25 and CHA 0 and one strain of Bacillus subtilis and control (without inoculation).
Results: The results showed that 20°C temperature caused the highest germination percentage, germination rate and vigor length. Also, seeds inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens growth-promoting bacteria strain CHA0 had the highest germination percentage (68.74), germination rate (3.49 seeds per day) and vigor length vigor (6.22). Seedling length, dry weight and vigor weight were the other parameters that showed the best results at 20 and 25°C. Also, germination and seedling growth indices decreased by an increase or decrease in the optimum temperature. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria causes increased activity of ascorbate and catalase enzymes, which leads to a decrease in injuries related to non-optimum temperature and improved germination indices.
Conclusion: According to our results, to accelerate the germination rate and other parameters, it is better to inoculate seeds with bacteria strains CHA0 and 25 in the temperature range of 20-25°C.
Highlights:
- The germination behaviour of safflower primed with bacteria varies at different temperatures.
- Seeds inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens growth-promoting bacteria of CHA0 strain had better germination conditions.
Ahmad Munir Amini, Farshid Ghaderi-Far, Dr Benjamin Torabi, Asieh Siahmargue, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: With regard to the ever-growing water deficit in the world, the adoption of the direct-seeded rice cultivation system has been suggested as an alternative to the transplanting method. One of the disadvantages of the direct-seeded method is low and non-uniform germination and emergence due to low seed vigor in rice. Priming is a technique which improves the rate and uniformity of seed germination under these conditions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of priming treatments on seed germination of different rice cultivars under different temperature conditions using the thermal time model.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in 2019 at the seed research laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In this experiment, germination of primed and non-primed seeds in three rice cultivars (Nada, Anam, and Tolo) was investigated under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C). The priming treatments which consisted of control, hydropriming, and osmopriming with different chemicals (potassium chloride 2%, potassium nitrate 1%, calcium chloride 4%, glycine betaine 10 ppm, salicylic acid 10 ppm, and ascorbic acid 10 ppm) were investigated under different temperatures.
Results: The results showed that priming treatments had no significant effect on the seed germination percentage of rice cultivars at different temperatures. The thermal time model based on binomial distribution fitted well to cumulative germination percentages in all priming treatments. Among the parameters of the thermal time model, the greatest priming effect was on the reduction of the thermal coefficient, followed by the reduction of the sigma coefficient, which resulted in the increased rate and uniformity of germination. Priming treatments had no significant effect on base temperature. Also, the responses of rice cultivars to seed priming treatments varied so that in Anam and Neda, priming with calcium chloride but in Tolo, hydropriming was more effective on the model parameters, especially thermal time to 50% of germination.
Conclusion: In general, priming treatments did not affect the base temperature of germination in rice cultivars, but they significantly affected the rate and uniformity of seed germination. As the latter issue is one of the main problems in the direct-seeded rice system, suitable priming treatments for each cultivar can be adopted to increase the rate and uniformity of seed germination and emergence in this system.
Highlights:
Introduction: With regard to the ever-growing water deficit in the world, the adoption of the direct-seeded rice cultivation system has been suggested as an alternative to the transplanting method. One of the disadvantages of the direct-seeded method is low and non-uniform germination and emergence due to low seed vigor in rice. Priming is a technique which improves the rate and uniformity of seed germination under these conditions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of priming treatments on seed germination of different rice cultivars under different temperature conditions using the thermal time model.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in 2019 at the seed research laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In this experiment, germination of primed and non-primed seeds in three rice cultivars (Nada, Anam, and Tolo) was investigated under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C). The priming treatments which consisted of control, hydropriming, and osmopriming with different chemicals (potassium chloride 2%, potassium nitrate 1%, calcium chloride 4%, glycine betaine 10 ppm, salicylic acid 10 ppm, and ascorbic acid 10 ppm) were investigated under different temperatures.
Results: The results showed that priming treatments had no significant effect on the seed germination percentage of rice cultivars at different temperatures. The thermal time model based on binomial distribution fitted well to cumulative germination percentages in all priming treatments. Among the parameters of the thermal time model, the greatest priming effect was on the reduction of the thermal coefficient, followed by the reduction of the sigma coefficient, which resulted in the increased rate and uniformity of germination. Priming treatments had no significant effect on base temperature. Also, the responses of rice cultivars to seed priming treatments varied so that in Anam and Neda, priming with calcium chloride but in Tolo, hydropriming was more effective on the model parameters, especially thermal time to 50% of germination.
Conclusion: In general, priming treatments did not affect the base temperature of germination in rice cultivars, but they significantly affected the rate and uniformity of seed germination. As the latter issue is one of the main problems in the direct-seeded rice system, suitable priming treatments for each cultivar can be adopted to increase the rate and uniformity of seed germination and emergence in this system.
Highlights:
- The thermal time model can be used to select the appropriate priming treatment for improving seed germination components of rice cultivars.
- The responses of rice cultivars to different seed priming treatments were different.
- Priming treatments did not improve the base temperature of seed germination in rice cultivars, but they significantly affected seed germination rate and uniformity.
Abdolhosein Rezaei, Farshid Ghaderi-Far, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Safflower seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acids with a high capacity for peroxidation, which have a high potential to reduce germination and seed vigor during the storage period. Therefore, Introducing appropriate methods to preserve or improve their germplasm during storage would be advantageous. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seed priming on germination and vigor of safflower seeds (Sofeh and Sina cultivars).
Materials and Methods: A three-factor experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications before and after artificial deterioration. The experimental factors included controlled deterioration of seeds at 45°C in six levels (no deterioration, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days) and priming in four levels (no prime, hydropriming, salicylic acid 50 mg/l and sodium chloride 5 percent).
Results: Artificial aging strongly and linearly reduced the germination ability of safflower seeds, and germinability and seed vigor reach zero in a time interval which lasts between 2.5 to 4.5 days (depending on the treatment and the investigated trait). The use of priming prior to artificial aging was more advantageous than priming after artificial aging. In addition, priming with salicylic acid was more useful compared to other priming treatments.
Conclusion: Priming of safflower seeds before storage would result in the extended shelf-life of the stored seeds while also preserving the seed germination potential.
Highlights:
Introduction: Safflower seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acids with a high capacity for peroxidation, which have a high potential to reduce germination and seed vigor during the storage period. Therefore, Introducing appropriate methods to preserve or improve their germplasm during storage would be advantageous. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seed priming on germination and vigor of safflower seeds (Sofeh and Sina cultivars).
Materials and Methods: A three-factor experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications before and after artificial deterioration. The experimental factors included controlled deterioration of seeds at 45°C in six levels (no deterioration, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days) and priming in four levels (no prime, hydropriming, salicylic acid 50 mg/l and sodium chloride 5 percent).
Results: Artificial aging strongly and linearly reduced the germination ability of safflower seeds, and germinability and seed vigor reach zero in a time interval which lasts between 2.5 to 4.5 days (depending on the treatment and the investigated trait). The use of priming prior to artificial aging was more advantageous than priming after artificial aging. In addition, priming with salicylic acid was more useful compared to other priming treatments.
Conclusion: Priming of safflower seeds before storage would result in the extended shelf-life of the stored seeds while also preserving the seed germination potential.
Highlights:
- The effect of priming on germination and vigor of safflower seeds before and after artificial deterioration was compared and investigated.
- The effect of priming before and after artificial deterioration on the improvement of safflower seed quality varied in different cultivars.
Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Mohammad Dadmand, Masoumeh Ramazani Yeghaneh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Festuca species are forage grasses that are very important in terms of fodder supply and soil protection. The seeds of these plants have internal dormancy (physiological) and are unable to germinate easily. Therefore, they must be subjected to various treatments to germinate. In nature, this dormancy is broken during the cold period of winter (chilling). The purpose of this research is to investigate different methods of dormancy breaking in Festuca species for large-scale production and accelerate the germination process.
Materials and methods: In this research, three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, and F. rubra) were subjected to different treatments of chilling (4°C, 14 days), osmo-priming with potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1.5% and gibberellic acid 150 and 200 ppm. After 14 days of germination test, various germination indices including percentage and rate of germination, mean germination time, seed vigor index, length of radicle, shoot and seedling, and the ratio of radicle to shoot length were calculated.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between species (except for germination percentage and root length traits) and treatments (for all traits). The interactions between the species and treatment were also significant for all traits (except for the length of radicle and seedling). Among the three species, the percentage of germination varied from 26.67 to 30.67% and the value of the germination rate varied from 1.92 to 3.31 n/d. The average time required for germination varied from 3.75 to 4.36 days and the seed vigor index varied from 26.74 to 43.02. The radicle length was between 37.22 and 45 mm and the shoot length was between 37.34 and 81.33 mm. Based on principal components analysis (PCA), percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor index, and length of radicle and seedling were introduced as the most important factors in creating diversity in Festuca species. In determining the correlation between traits, a high correlation of 70% was observed between germination percentage, germination rate, and seed vigor index.
Conclusion: Among the three species, Festuca rubra was superior to the other two species by having the highest percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor, radical length, and the shortest time required for germination. Among the applied treatments, 1.5% potassium nitrate (KNO3) with chilling (4°C, for 14 days), had a positive effect on the percentage and rate of germination, radical length, and gibberellic acid (150 ppm) treatment had a positive effect on the length of shoot and seedling. The presence of high germination percentage and rate indicated higher seed vigor.
Highlights:
Introduction: Festuca species are forage grasses that are very important in terms of fodder supply and soil protection. The seeds of these plants have internal dormancy (physiological) and are unable to germinate easily. Therefore, they must be subjected to various treatments to germinate. In nature, this dormancy is broken during the cold period of winter (chilling). The purpose of this research is to investigate different methods of dormancy breaking in Festuca species for large-scale production and accelerate the germination process.
Materials and methods: In this research, three species of Festuca (Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, and F. rubra) were subjected to different treatments of chilling (4°C, 14 days), osmo-priming with potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1.5% and gibberellic acid 150 and 200 ppm. After 14 days of germination test, various germination indices including percentage and rate of germination, mean germination time, seed vigor index, length of radicle, shoot and seedling, and the ratio of radicle to shoot length were calculated.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between species (except for germination percentage and root length traits) and treatments (for all traits). The interactions between the species and treatment were also significant for all traits (except for the length of radicle and seedling). Among the three species, the percentage of germination varied from 26.67 to 30.67% and the value of the germination rate varied from 1.92 to 3.31 n/d. The average time required for germination varied from 3.75 to 4.36 days and the seed vigor index varied from 26.74 to 43.02. The radicle length was between 37.22 and 45 mm and the shoot length was between 37.34 and 81.33 mm. Based on principal components analysis (PCA), percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor index, and length of radicle and seedling were introduced as the most important factors in creating diversity in Festuca species. In determining the correlation between traits, a high correlation of 70% was observed between germination percentage, germination rate, and seed vigor index.
Conclusion: Among the three species, Festuca rubra was superior to the other two species by having the highest percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor, radical length, and the shortest time required for germination. Among the applied treatments, 1.5% potassium nitrate (KNO3) with chilling (4°C, for 14 days), had a positive effect on the percentage and rate of germination, radical length, and gibberellic acid (150 ppm) treatment had a positive effect on the length of shoot and seedling. The presence of high germination percentage and rate indicated higher seed vigor.
Highlights:
- Using potassium nitrate as a pre-treatment of seeds is better than watering seeds with potassium nitrate.
- The effect of osmo-priming (potassium nitrate 1.5%) on the germination characteristics of Festuca seeds is better than hormone priming (Gibberellic acid).
- Pre-treatment with 1.5% potassium nitrate increases the number of germinated seeds, while treatment with 150 ppm gibberellic acid increases seedling length in Festuca seeds.
Gilla Nazari, Mohammad Sedghi, Raouf Seyed Sharifi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Germination and seedling growth are one of the most important stages of plant growth, which determine the degree of success of agricultural systems in production. Seed deterioration due to storage conditions is a challenge that results in diminished germinability poor seedling establishment, the loss of seed vigor, and finally seed mortality. Thus, it is necessary to use methods to increase seed germinability and enhance seedling establishment. The use of plant hormones is one of the methods that can increase seed germinability and optimal plant growth under seed deterioration conditions. Seed priming with plant hormones is among simple and cheap methods to improve seed germination, accelerate seedling growth and establishment, germination uniformity, and production of vigorous seedlings. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the most effective pretreatments of growth hormones to improve the germination and seedling establishment characteristics of deteriorated triticale seeds.
Materials and Methods: To examine the effect of priming on germination indices and some biochemical traits of deteriorated triticale seeds, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2023. Treatments included seed deterioration (5%, 15%, and 25%) and priming (no prime, distilled water, cytokinin, spermidine, salicylic acid, and auxin).
Results: The results showed that seed deterioration reduced the germination percentage. Priming reduced the effect of seed deterioration and improved the germination percentage by 36.9%. As seed deterioration increased, radicle length, seedling length, vigor index, protein content, and protease activity decreased, whereas priming mitigated the effect of seed deterioration on these traits. At the lowest level of seed deterioration (25%), priming with auxin increased radicle length, plumule length, protease activity, and seedling length vigor index by 72.07, 62.06, 73.27, and 77.06, respectively, compared with no priming.
Conclusions: In general, it seems that triticale seed priming with auxin can invigorate deteriorated seeds and increase germination and seedling production uniformity.
Highlights:
Introduction: Germination and seedling growth are one of the most important stages of plant growth, which determine the degree of success of agricultural systems in production. Seed deterioration due to storage conditions is a challenge that results in diminished germinability poor seedling establishment, the loss of seed vigor, and finally seed mortality. Thus, it is necessary to use methods to increase seed germinability and enhance seedling establishment. The use of plant hormones is one of the methods that can increase seed germinability and optimal plant growth under seed deterioration conditions. Seed priming with plant hormones is among simple and cheap methods to improve seed germination, accelerate seedling growth and establishment, germination uniformity, and production of vigorous seedlings. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the most effective pretreatments of growth hormones to improve the germination and seedling establishment characteristics of deteriorated triticale seeds.
Materials and Methods: To examine the effect of priming on germination indices and some biochemical traits of deteriorated triticale seeds, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2023. Treatments included seed deterioration (5%, 15%, and 25%) and priming (no prime, distilled water, cytokinin, spermidine, salicylic acid, and auxin).
Results: The results showed that seed deterioration reduced the germination percentage. Priming reduced the effect of seed deterioration and improved the germination percentage by 36.9%. As seed deterioration increased, radicle length, seedling length, vigor index, protein content, and protease activity decreased, whereas priming mitigated the effect of seed deterioration on these traits. At the lowest level of seed deterioration (25%), priming with auxin increased radicle length, plumule length, protease activity, and seedling length vigor index by 72.07, 62.06, 73.27, and 77.06, respectively, compared with no priming.
Conclusions: In general, it seems that triticale seed priming with auxin can invigorate deteriorated seeds and increase germination and seedling production uniformity.
Highlights:
- Auxin pretreatment had the greatest effect on improving the quality and germination characteristics of deteriorated triticale seeds.
- Effects of using growth regulators pretreatment were investigated in deteriorated triticale seeds.
Mohammad Reza Mirzaei,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: One of the most important factors in achieving optimal root yield of sugar beet at the time of harvest is proper plant density due to the high field emergence and subsequent seedling growth through the use quality seeds. Of the determining traits the vigor and quality of sugar beet seeds are different seedling traits.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the germination vigor and seedling growth rate in laboratory conditions by measuring the traits of maximum germination, hypocotyl length, radicle length, fresh and dry weight of seedling in 10 single cross hybrids along with the male parent produced in three locations was used. Also, the correlation of the mentioned traits with seedling emergence traits in the greenhouse and the chemical traits of sugar beet seed was studied.
Results: The results showed that seedling traits, which are represents trait of the seed vigor, are determined by two factors, seed production environment and genetics. The correlation coefficients between seedling traits in the laboratory with seedling emergence traits in the greenhouse and seed electrical conductivity showed that genotypes with low electrical conductivity and percentage of soluble solids on the pericarp of sugar beet seeds, germinated faster in greenhouse conditions and mean emergence time was decreased. Therefore, high level of electrical conductivity of sugar beet seed pericarp was associated with low seed vigor.Also, significant correlation was observed seedling emergence rate and mean seedling emergence time in greenhouse with hypocotyl length in the laboratory positive (+0.91**) and negative (-0.82**), respectively. It can be concluded that the genotypes with longer hypocotyl length in the laboratory resulted in faster seedling emergence rate in the greenhouse. Subsequently, single crosses such as MS KWS * OT 231 with greater root length (8.49 cm), seedling length (14.66 cm), and the ratio root length to hypocotyl (1.37) in laboratory conditions, increased the mean dry weight of shoot (1.89 mg) and SVI (8.26) in the greenhouse compared to the single crosses others were accompanied.
Conclusions: Therefore, it seems that seedling traits and the chemical characteristics of sugar beet seeds to predict the emergence of seedlings in greenhouse and perhaps in the field are recommended. However, in order to accurate validation and evaluation, it is recommended that the aforementioned experiment be conducted under field conditions.
Highlights:
Introduction: One of the most important factors in achieving optimal root yield of sugar beet at the time of harvest is proper plant density due to the high field emergence and subsequent seedling growth through the use quality seeds. Of the determining traits the vigor and quality of sugar beet seeds are different seedling traits.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the germination vigor and seedling growth rate in laboratory conditions by measuring the traits of maximum germination, hypocotyl length, radicle length, fresh and dry weight of seedling in 10 single cross hybrids along with the male parent produced in three locations was used. Also, the correlation of the mentioned traits with seedling emergence traits in the greenhouse and the chemical traits of sugar beet seed was studied.
Results: The results showed that seedling traits, which are represents trait of the seed vigor, are determined by two factors, seed production environment and genetics. The correlation coefficients between seedling traits in the laboratory with seedling emergence traits in the greenhouse and seed electrical conductivity showed that genotypes with low electrical conductivity and percentage of soluble solids on the pericarp of sugar beet seeds, germinated faster in greenhouse conditions and mean emergence time was decreased. Therefore, high level of electrical conductivity of sugar beet seed pericarp was associated with low seed vigor.Also, significant correlation was observed seedling emergence rate and mean seedling emergence time in greenhouse with hypocotyl length in the laboratory positive (+0.91**) and negative (-0.82**), respectively. It can be concluded that the genotypes with longer hypocotyl length in the laboratory resulted in faster seedling emergence rate in the greenhouse. Subsequently, single crosses such as MS KWS * OT 231 with greater root length (8.49 cm), seedling length (14.66 cm), and the ratio root length to hypocotyl (1.37) in laboratory conditions, increased the mean dry weight of shoot (1.89 mg) and SVI (8.26) in the greenhouse compared to the single crosses others were accompanied.
Conclusions: Therefore, it seems that seedling traits and the chemical characteristics of sugar beet seeds to predict the emergence of seedlings in greenhouse and perhaps in the field are recommended. However, in order to accurate validation and evaluation, it is recommended that the aforementioned experiment be conducted under field conditions.
Highlights:
- There were differences between the genotypes in terms of seed characteristics and the maternal environment in which the seeds were grown.
- Poor vigor and seed performance can reduce the percentage of seedling emergence potential as well as the rate and uniformity of seedling emergence compared to high vigor seeds.
- Seedling traits in sugar beet are traits of the seed vigor that are influenced by the sugar beet seed production environment and genetics.
Kamran Gharehbeygi Tavabea, Hamidreza Balouchi, Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi, Ali Moradi, Fatemeh Ebrahimi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Poor seedling vigor is one of the major challenges in agriculture, as it reduces seed germination capacity and seedling establishment, directly impacting plant establishment and yield. The use of seed priming methods with chemicals and growth regulators can serve as an effective strategy to enhance seedling vigor and improve biochemical traits and seed germination. In this study, the enhancement of sweet corn seedling vigor through priming with ellagic acid, gibberellin, and potassium nitrate was investigated under accelerated aging conditions.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture at Yasouj University in 2024, based on a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was accelerated seed aging at two levels (aged and non-aged), and the second factor was seed priming at eight levels (no prime, hydropriming, ellagic acid at two concentrations (25 and 100 mg/l), gibberellin at two concentrations (50 and 150 mg/l), and potassium nitrate at two concentrations (15 and 60 mg/l)). Biochemical traits and seed germination characteristics were measured ultimately.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that seed deterioration significantly reduced germination characteristics, including germination percentage and rate, shoot length, root length, and seedling vigor index (length and weight). Additionally, biochemical indices such as soluble sugar content and α-amylase enzyme activity were negatively affected by aging. On the other hand, seed deterioration increased proline content, malondialdehyde levels, and peroxidase enzyme activity, indicating heightened oxidative stress under aging conditions. Priming of deterioration seeds with ellagic acid, gibberellin, and potassium nitrate positively influenced germination characteristics and biochemical indices. Specifically, concentrations of 100 mg/l ellagic acid, 150 mg/l gibberellin, and 15 mg/l potassium nitrate were the most effective pretreatments.
Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that pretreatment of deteriorated Basin sweet corn seeds with ellagic acid, gibberellin, and potassium nitrate significantly improved germination and biochemical indices. These treatments mitigated the negative effects of seed aging, enhancing seedling vigor and establishment. Therefore, these priming can be recommended as effective methods to improve the quality of Basin sweet corn seeds under various agricultural conditions.
Highlights:
Introduction: Poor seedling vigor is one of the major challenges in agriculture, as it reduces seed germination capacity and seedling establishment, directly impacting plant establishment and yield. The use of seed priming methods with chemicals and growth regulators can serve as an effective strategy to enhance seedling vigor and improve biochemical traits and seed germination. In this study, the enhancement of sweet corn seedling vigor through priming with ellagic acid, gibberellin, and potassium nitrate was investigated under accelerated aging conditions.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture at Yasouj University in 2024, based on a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was accelerated seed aging at two levels (aged and non-aged), and the second factor was seed priming at eight levels (no prime, hydropriming, ellagic acid at two concentrations (25 and 100 mg/l), gibberellin at two concentrations (50 and 150 mg/l), and potassium nitrate at two concentrations (15 and 60 mg/l)). Biochemical traits and seed germination characteristics were measured ultimately.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that seed deterioration significantly reduced germination characteristics, including germination percentage and rate, shoot length, root length, and seedling vigor index (length and weight). Additionally, biochemical indices such as soluble sugar content and α-amylase enzyme activity were negatively affected by aging. On the other hand, seed deterioration increased proline content, malondialdehyde levels, and peroxidase enzyme activity, indicating heightened oxidative stress under aging conditions. Priming of deterioration seeds with ellagic acid, gibberellin, and potassium nitrate positively influenced germination characteristics and biochemical indices. Specifically, concentrations of 100 mg/l ellagic acid, 150 mg/l gibberellin, and 15 mg/l potassium nitrate were the most effective pretreatments.
Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that pretreatment of deteriorated Basin sweet corn seeds with ellagic acid, gibberellin, and potassium nitrate significantly improved germination and biochemical indices. These treatments mitigated the negative effects of seed aging, enhancing seedling vigor and establishment. Therefore, these priming can be recommended as effective methods to improve the quality of Basin sweet corn seeds under various agricultural conditions.
Highlights:
- Seed deterioration leads to an increase in biochemical indicators such as seed proline content, peroxidase enzyme activity, and seed malondialdehyde content.
- The vigor of Basin sweet corn seeds is improved through pretreatment with gibberellin and ellagic acid.
- The effect of priming before and after artificial deterioration on germination and seed vigor of sweet corn cultivar Basin was compared and investigated.
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Site Keywords
Seed Science and Technology, Seed Physiology, Seed Ecology, Modeling, Seed Health, Germination Characteristics, Seed Dormancy, Seed Ageing, Seed Storage, Seed PrimingVote
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