Volume 7, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2021)
Iranian J. Seed Res. 2021, 7(2): 121-133 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ramazani S H, Armoon F, Behdani M A. (2021). Quantifying Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Seed Germination Relative to Temperature. Iranian J. Seed Res.. 7(2), : 8 doi:10.52547/yujs.7.2.121
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-394-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-394-en.html
Agricultural Faculty of Sarayan, University of Birjand , Hrramazani@Birjand.ac.ir
Abstract: (4593 Views)
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is a plant from the legumes family. Guar gum is obtained from endosperm in guar seeds. Guar gum is used in many industries such as pharmaceutical and food industries, paper, mining, oil and drilling, textiles, and explosives industries. Modeling is a method that is widely used in predicting plant growth stages and determining the required thermal units in each growing stage, especially germination.
Considering the important therapeutic and industrial uses of guar and the lack of sufficient information and reports to determine the cardinal temperatures of this plant, this study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature on germination traits and early seedling growth and predict the cardinal temperatures (minimum, optimal and maximum) of germination for this plant.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at the Seed Sciences and Technology Laboratory of Agricultural College of Sarayan, the University of Birjand in 2017. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 8 levels of temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C), with 5 replications. Germination percentage, daily germination speed, mean daily germination, plumule length, root length, and seedling length were calculated. Cardinal temperatures of germination were calculated using regression analysis with the aid of the proposed models (logistic, two-way, quadratic, and third-order polynomials) using germination speed. The data were analyzed using SAS software and the comparison means were done by Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. Sigma Plot software was used to plot the germination rate against temperature graphs (for fitting different models).
Results: The results showed that the effect of different temperature levels on the percentage, speed and mean seed germination was significant (P <0.05). According to the results, the lowest values for percentage, speed, and average germination were obtained at 5, 10, and 40°C, and the highest germination speed was observed at 15 °C and also the highest percentage of germination and average germination was observed at 35°C. The results of the effect of different temperature levels on seedling growth showed that the effect of temperature on the seedling length, stem, and root length was significant (P <0.01), so that the lowest values related to seedling length, plumule, and radicle was found at 5, 10 and 40°C, and the maximum seedling and plumule length were 30°C.
Conclusion: Quantification of the gauge seed germination reaction to different temperature levels was carried out using four dual-functions, logistic, quadratic and triple polynomials. The second-order multitasking regression model, based on the coefficient of explanation (R2) and the amount of deviation, had a suitable and significant fit with the data related to germination rate against the independent temperature variable. Based on the parameters of the model, the optimum temperature was obtained at 26.05°C and the minimum and maximum temperature of guar germination were calculated to be 6.09 and 40°C.
Highlights:
Introduction: Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is a plant from the legumes family. Guar gum is obtained from endosperm in guar seeds. Guar gum is used in many industries such as pharmaceutical and food industries, paper, mining, oil and drilling, textiles, and explosives industries. Modeling is a method that is widely used in predicting plant growth stages and determining the required thermal units in each growing stage, especially germination.
Considering the important therapeutic and industrial uses of guar and the lack of sufficient information and reports to determine the cardinal temperatures of this plant, this study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature on germination traits and early seedling growth and predict the cardinal temperatures (minimum, optimal and maximum) of germination for this plant.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at the Seed Sciences and Technology Laboratory of Agricultural College of Sarayan, the University of Birjand in 2017. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 8 levels of temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C), with 5 replications. Germination percentage, daily germination speed, mean daily germination, plumule length, root length, and seedling length were calculated. Cardinal temperatures of germination were calculated using regression analysis with the aid of the proposed models (logistic, two-way, quadratic, and third-order polynomials) using germination speed. The data were analyzed using SAS software and the comparison means were done by Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. Sigma Plot software was used to plot the germination rate against temperature graphs (for fitting different models).
Results: The results showed that the effect of different temperature levels on the percentage, speed and mean seed germination was significant (P <0.05). According to the results, the lowest values for percentage, speed, and average germination were obtained at 5, 10, and 40°C, and the highest germination speed was observed at 15 °C and also the highest percentage of germination and average germination was observed at 35°C. The results of the effect of different temperature levels on seedling growth showed that the effect of temperature on the seedling length, stem, and root length was significant (P <0.01), so that the lowest values related to seedling length, plumule, and radicle was found at 5, 10 and 40°C, and the maximum seedling and plumule length were 30°C.
Conclusion: Quantification of the gauge seed germination reaction to different temperature levels was carried out using four dual-functions, logistic, quadratic and triple polynomials. The second-order multitasking regression model, based on the coefficient of explanation (R2) and the amount of deviation, had a suitable and significant fit with the data related to germination rate against the independent temperature variable. Based on the parameters of the model, the optimum temperature was obtained at 26.05°C and the minimum and maximum temperature of guar germination were calculated to be 6.09 and 40°C.
Highlights:
Article number: 8
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Seed Physiology
Received: 2020/01/22 | Revised: 2021/05/10 | Accepted: 2021/01/4 | ePublished: 2021/05/9
Received: 2020/01/22 | Revised: 2021/05/10 | Accepted: 2021/01/4 | ePublished: 2021/05/9
References
1. Adam, N.R., Dierig, D.A., Coffelt, T.A. and Wintermeyer, M.J. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination and early growth of two Lesquerella species. Industrial Crops and Products, 25: 24-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.06.001]
2. Ahmadi, M. Kamkar, B., Soltani A. and Zeinali, E. 2010. Evaluation of non-linear regression models to predict stem elongation rate of wheat (Tajan cultivar) in response to temperature and photoperiod. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 2(4): 39-54. [In Persian with English Summary].
3. Ali, A.A., Mohamed, M.H., Kamel, M.S., Fouad, M.A. and Spring, O. 1998. Studies on Securiger securidacea L. Deg. et Dorfl. (Fabaceae) seeds, and antidiabetic Egyptian folk medicine. Die Pharmazie, 53(10): 510-715.
4. Alipoor, Z. and Mahmoodi, S. 2016. Determination of cardinal temperatures and response of Securigera securidaca L. to different temperatures of germination. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 2(2): 137-147. [In Persian with English Summary].
5. Alvarado, V. and K. Bradford, 2002. A hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25(8): 1061-1069. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00894.x]
6. Balandari, A., Rezvani-Moqaddam, P. and Nasiri-Mahallati, M. 2011. Determination of cardinal temperatures of seed germination of Cichorium pumilum Jacq. Second National Conference of Seed Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, 4-5 November, 1818-1822.
7. Bannayan, M., Nadjafi, F., Rastgoo M. and L. Tabrizi, 2006. Germination properties of some wild medicinal plants from Iran. Seed Technology, 28: 80-86. [In Persian with English Summary].
8. Blackshow, R.E. 1991. Soil temperature and moisture effects on downy brome Vs. winter canola, wheat and ray emergence. Crop Science, 31: 1034-1040. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100040038x]
9. Bradford, K.J. and A.M. Haigh, 1994. Relationship between accumulated hydrothermal time during seed priming and subsequent seed germination rates. Seed Science Research, 4(02): 63-69. [DOI:10.1017/S0960258500002038]
10. Colbach, N., Chauvel, B., Durr, C. and Richard, G. 2002. Effect of environmental conditions on Alopecurus myosuroides germination. I. Effect of temperature and light. Weed Research, 42(3): 210-221.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0043-1737.2002.00280.x [DOI:10.1046/j.0043-1737.2002.00279.x]
11. Condon, A.G., Richards R.A. and Farquhar, G.D. 2002. Relationships between carbon isotope discrimination, water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency for dryland wheat. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, 44: 1693-1711. [DOI:10.1071/AR9931693]
12. Copeland, L.O. and Mc-Donald, M.B. 1995. Principles of Seed Science and Technology. 4th (ed.). Publication Chapman and Hall, USA. 409P.
13. Ghaderi-Far, F., Soltani A. and Sadeghipour, H.R. 2008. Cardinal temperatures of germination medicinal pumokin, borago and black cumin. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 7: 574-578. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2008.574.578]
14. Ghanbari, A., Rahimian-Mashhadi, H., Nasiri-Mahallati, M., Kaffi, M. and Rastgu, M. 2005. The ecophysiological aspects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in response to temperature. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Researches, 3(2): 263-275. [In Persian with English Summary].
15. Gholami_Tilebeni, H., Kurd-Firozjaeii, Gh. and Zeinal, E. 2011. The determination of germination cardinal temperatures of rice cultivars. Seed Science and Technology, 1(1): 41-52. [In Persian with English Summary].
16. Gulzar, S., Khan M.A. and Ungar, L.A. 2008. Effect of salinity and temperature on the germination of Urochondra setulosa (Trin). Seed Science and Technology, 29(1): 21-29.
17. Hardegree, S. 2006. Predicting germination response to temperature. I. Cardinal temperature models and subpopulation-specific regression. Annals of Botany, 97(6): 1115-1125. [DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl071] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Hardegree, S.P. and A.H. Winstral, 2006. Predicting germination response to temperature. II. Three dimensional regression, statistical gridding and iterative-probit optimization using measured and interpolated-subpopulation data, Annals of Botany, 98: 403-410. [DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl112] [PMID] [PMCID]
19. Hashemi, A., Barooti, Sh. and Tavakkol-Afshari, R. 2017. Determine the cardinal temperatures of germination of Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, (2): 77-84. [In Persian with English Summary].
20. Huang, B.R., Taylor, H.M. and McMichael, B.L. 1991. Growth and development of seminal and crown roots of wheat seedlings as affected by temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany, 31(4): 471-477. [DOI:10.1016/0098-8472(91)90046-Q]
21. Jacobsen, S.E. and A.P. Bach. 1998. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild). Seed Science and Technology, 26: 515-523.
22. Jalilian, J. and Khaliliaqdam, N. 2014. Effects of alternative temperatures on germination rate of Rocket seed. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 2(1): 127-133. [In Persian with English Summary].
23. Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. and M. Kafi. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination of Kochia scoparia (L.). Journal of Arid Environment, 68: 308-314. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.006]
24. Jordan, G.L. and Haferkamp, M.R. 1989. Temperature responses and calculated heat units for germination of several range grasses and shrubs. Journal of Range Management, 42(1): 41-45. [DOI:10.2307/3899656]
25. Kamaha, C. and Magure, Y. 1992. Effect of temperature on germination of six winter wheat cultivars. Seed Science and Technology, 20(1): 181-185.
26. Kamkar, B., Ahmadi, M., Soltani, A. and Zeinali, E. 2008. Evaluation non-linear regression models to describe a response of wheat emergence rate to temperature. Seed Science and Biotechnology, 2(2): 53-57. [In Persian with English Summary].
27. Kamkar, B., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Mahdavi-Damghani, A. and F.J. Villalobos. 2012. Quantification of the cardinal temperatures and thermal time requirement of Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds to germinate using non-linear regression models. Industrial Crops and Products, 35(1): 192-198. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.06.033]
28. Kamkar, B., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati M. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2006. Cardinal temperatures for germination in three millet species (Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum glaucum and Setaria italica). Asian Journal of Plant Science, 5: 316-319. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2006.316.319]
29. Kebreab E. and Murdoch A.J. 2000. The effect of water stress on the temperature range for germination of Orobanches aegyptiaca seeds. Seed Science Research, 10: 127-133. [DOI:10.1017/S0960258500000131]
30. Khalili Aqdam, N. and Jalilian, J. 2015. Estimation of germination cardinal temperatures in cold and tropical Vetch. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 2(1): 37-43. [In Persian with English Summary].
31. Khalili¬¬ Aqdam, N., Mirmahmoodi, T. and Bakhshi khaniki, Gh. 2016. Estimation of cardinal temperatures of Calendula officinalis L. usage non-linear regression. Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 4: 12-25. [In Persian with English Summary].
32. Khalili Aqdam, N., Mirmohammadi, T. and Sa'idian, Ch. 2017. Determination of Critical Temperature of Linseed Seed (Linum usitatissimum L.) by Nonlinear Regression. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, (2): 41-49. [In Persian with English Summary].
33. Kheirkhah, M., Koocheki, A., Rezwani-Moqaddam, P. and Nasiri-Mahallati, M. 2011. The determination of germination cardinal temperature of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 11(4): 543-550. [In Persian with English Summary].
34. Koocheki, A., Rashed -Mohassel, M.H., Nasiri-Mahallati, M. and Sadr-Abadi, R. 1988. Physiological foundations of crop growth and development (translation), Astan Qods Publications, 54-80. [In Persian].
35. Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati., M. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2006. Cardinal temperatures for germination in three millet species (Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum glaucum and Setaria italica). Asian Journal of Plant Science, 5. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.3923/ajps.2006.316.319]
36. Latifi, N., Soltani A. and Spaner, D. 2004. Effect of temperature on germination components of rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 35(2): 313-321. [In Persian with English Summary].
37. Lexmond, T.M. and Vandervorm, P.D.J. 1981. The effect of pH on copper toxicity to hydroponically grown maize. NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 29(3): 217-238. [DOI:10.18174/njas.v29i3.17008]
38. Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination- aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Journal of Crop Science, 2(2): 176-177. [DOI:10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x]
39. Mahla, H.R., Kumar, D., Henry, A, Acharya, S. and Pahuja, S.K., 2010. Guar: Present status and future prospects in arid zone. Journal of Arid Legumes, 7(2): 1-5.
40. Mahmoodi, A., Soltani, E. and Barani, H. 2008. Germination response to temperature in snail medic (Medicago sativa L.). Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 1: 54-63. [In Persian with English Summary].
41. Majer, B.J., Tscherko, D. and Paschke, A. 2002. Effects of heavy metal contamination of soils on micronucleus induction in Tradescantia and on microbial enzyme activities: a comparative investigation. Mutation Research, 515: 111-124. [DOI:10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00004-9]
42. Mwale, S.S., Azam-Ali, S.N., Clark, J.A., Bradley, R.G. and Chatha, M.R. 1994. Effect of temperature on the germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Seed Science and Technology, 22(3): 565-571.
43. Narigol, 2017. Guar, Juan12, 2017. from https://narigol.com/blog/getting-to-know-goa.
44. Nichols, M.A. and Heydecker, W. 1986. Two approaches to the study of germination date. Proc. International Journal of Seed Test, 33: 531-540.
45. Oyedele, D., Asonugho, C. and Awotoye, O. 2006. Heavy metals in soil and accumulation by edible vegetables after phosphate fertilizer application. Agriculture Food Chemistry, 5(4): 1446-1453.
46. Poortoosi, N., Rashed Mohassel M.H. and Izadi Darbandi, I. 2009. Determination of cardinal temperature of (Cenopodium album), (Portulaca oleracea), (Digitaria sangiunalis). Iranian Journal of Agriculture Research, 6(2): 255-261. [In Persian with English Summary].
47. Pourreza, J. and Bahrani, A. 2012. Estimating cardinal temperatures of Milk thistle seed germination. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science, 12(8): 1030-1034. [In Persian with English Summary].
48. Rahimi, Z. and Kaffi, M. 2010. Evaluation of cardinal temperatures and the effect of different temperature levels on germination indices of Portulaca oleracea L. Journal of Plant Protection (Science and Technology of Agriculture), 24(1): 80-86. [In Persian with English Summary].
49. Ramin, A.A. 1997. The influence of temperature on germination of Taree Irani (Allium ampeloprasum L. spp. Iranicum W.). Seed Science and Technology, 25(3): 419-426.
50. Sabouri-Rad, S., Kafi, M., Nezami A. and Banayan-Avval, M. 2011. Estimation of minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures of Kochia Scoparia using of beta five parametric model. Agricultural Ecology, 3(2): 191-197. [In Persian with English Summary].
51. Seiler, G.J. 1998. Influence of temperature on primary and lateral root growth of sunflower seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 40(2): 135-146. [DOI:10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00027-6]
52. Soltani, A., Robertson, M.J., Torabi, B., Yousefi-Daz M. and Sarparast, R. 2006. Modeling seedling emergence in chickpea as affected by temperature and sowing depth. Agriculture and Forestry Meteorology, 138: 156-167. [In Persian with English Summary]. [DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.04.004]
53. Zainali, A., Soltani, A., Goleshi, S. and Sadati, S.J. 2010. Cardinal temperatures, reaction to temperature and range of temperature tolerance of seed germination in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Crop Production, 3(3): 23-42. [In Persian with English Summary].
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
