fa کاربرد مخمرها در مدیریت بیماریهای گیاهی تخصصي Special ترویجی Extentional <h1><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حسن</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt">&shy;</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> پور، </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ن.،&nbsp; ارزنلو، &nbsp;م. (1401) کاربرد مخمرها در مدیریت بیماری</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt">&shy;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های گیاهی. </span></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دانش بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی</span></span></i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> 12(1): 104-94.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1> <h1 dir="ltr"></h1> <h1 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مخمرها پراکنش وسیعی در سطح زمین دارند. آن&shy;ها در </span></span></span></span></span></span><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">صنایعی مانند نانوایی، صنایع تخمیری، تولید پروتئین، سنتز مواد شیمیایی مانند ریبوفلاوین و اسید سیتریک، کشاورزی و مدیریت بیماری&shy;های</span></span></span></span></span></span><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span></span></span></span></span><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیاهی نقش دارند. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آن&shy;ها بـا مکانیسـم&shy;هـای متنـوعی مانند رقابــت بــرای مواد غذایی و فضا</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle31" style="font-family:" times-italic=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:italic"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-style:normal">، برقراری رابطه انگلی با بیمارگر،</span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">القـای مقاومـت در گیـاه</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle31" style="font-family:" times-italic=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:italic"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-style:normal">،</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> قارچ انگلی،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اشغال پردازه بوم&shy; شناختی، سم</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زدایی زهرقارچ و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تولید آنزیم</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تجزیه</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> کننده دیواره سلولی </span></span><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">د</span></span></span></span></span></span><span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ر کاهش بیماری&shy;های گیاهی موثر هستند.</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از خصوصیات برتر مخمرها می&shy;توان به تحمل و سازگاری بیشتر نسبت به نوسانات حرارتی در دماهای پایین و بالا، سازگاری در طیف گسترده &shy;ای از رطوبت نسبی، نوسانات </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">pH</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، سطوح اکسیژن کم، سرعت تکثیر زیاد، محدود کردن جمعیت بیمارگر و تحمل به اشعه </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">UV</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> را نام برد. با توجه به ویژگی&shy;های گفته شده مخمرها به عنوان یکی از بهترین گزینه&shy; ها برای به کارگیری در فرایند مهار زیستی در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نظر گرفته می&shy;شوند. در این مقاله جنبه&shy; های مثبت مخمرها نسبت به دیگر عوامل میکروبی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، نقش آن&shy;ها در کشاورزی</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و سازوکار&shy;های مدیریت بیماریهای گیاهی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بحث و بررسی شده است. </span></span>&nbsp;<span blotus="" class="fontstyle01" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1> <h1><br> &nbsp;</h1> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Hasanpour, N., & Arzanlou M. (2023). Application of yeasts in plant diseases management. <i>Plant Pathology Science</i> 12(1), 94-104.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><br> &nbsp;</span> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri=""><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">Yeasts are widely distributed on earth.They play role in industries such as bakery, fermentation, protein production, the synthesis of chemicals such as riboflavin and citric acid,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> agriculture</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> and plant diseases management. They are effective in reducing plant diseases.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">through a variety of mechanisms, such as competition for food and space, parasitic relationship with the pathogen, induction of plant resistance, mycoparasitism, ecological niche occupation</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">, mycotoxin detoxification</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> and production of</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">cell wall degradation enzymes.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">The superior characteristics of yeasts are greater tolerance and adaptation to thermal fluctuations at low and high temperatures, adaptation in a wide range of relative humidity, pH fluctuations, low oxygen levels,</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">high proliferation rate, limiting the pathogen population and tolerance to UV radiation. Due these characteristics, yeasts are considered as one of the best choices to use in the process of biological control. In this paper, the positive aspects of yeasts compared to other microbial agents</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">, their role in agriculture</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> and management mechanisms</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> of plant diseases</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""> are discussed.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Saccharomyces Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Saccharomyces 94 104 http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_code=A-10-273-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 noorallah hasanpour نوراله حسن پور noorallah.hasanpour@yahoo.com 10031947532846005399 10031947532846005399 No Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز mahdi arzanlou مهدی ارزنلو arzanlou@hotmail.com 10031947532846005400 10031947532846005400 Yes Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز