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Showing 8 results for Meloidogyne

Elmira Abutorabi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract

Management of soil borne disease of tomato with the aim of reducing the use of chemical pesticides and produce healthy products needs to provide appropriate policy. Grafting is one of the most effective control measures of soil borne pathogens result in healthy crop production and is an excellent substitute for chemical control. According to some investigations, grafting the commercial varieties on resistant rootstocks results in higher yield as well as the better quality. In addition to obtain higher product quality and optimize plant growth, disease management can be achieve by minimum application of pesticides.
Mohammad Abdollahi, Negin Akramipoor,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most important pests worldwide and cause considerable economic loss to many of agricultural products. Some of soil inhabited nematodes are affected by some of antagonistic bacteria, so they can be used in biological control. Nematodes can be affected by bacteria in different ways such as direct suppression, promotion of plant growth, and facilitation of rhizosphere colonization. In overall, regarding to effect of soil inhabits bacteria on nematodes they can be classified as toxin producing, antibiotic producing and enzyme producing as well as plant growth promoting groups. Based on the recent researches, bacteria are divided to six groups including: parasitic bacteria (nematophagous bacteria), opportunistic parasitic bacteria, rhizobacteria, endophytic bacteria, symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes and cry protein-forming bacteria. Combination of bacteria with some other antagonistic microorganisms was successful in control of plant parasitic nematodes.
Habiballah Charehgani,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2-2016)
Abstract

Charehgani H. 2016. Application of microarray technology in plant nematology. Plant Pathology Science 5(1):76-89.

During a compatible interaction, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) induce the root cells dedifferentiation into multinucleate feeding cells, known as giant cells. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the cells surrounding the head of nematode lead to the formation of a root gall. Different studies showed that the transformation of root cells into hypertrophied feeding structures, with unique morphology and functions, require some changes in the expression of a large number of genes. Previous approaches, based on differential gene expression between healthy and infected plants, analyses of known candidate genes by promoter GUS fusion or in situ hybridization and promoter trap strategies, have resulted in the characterization of about 50 genes of plant that are up regulated and 10 genes that are down regulated in giant cells. Microarray technology makes it possible to generate large-scale information about patterns of gene expression during plant–nematode interactions. A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Each DNA spot contains 10−12 moles of a specific DNA sequence, which are known as probes. These can be a short section of a gene or other DNA element that are used to hybridize a cDNA or cRNA sample that called as target. Probe-target hybridization is usually detected by detection of fluorophore or silver labeled targets.


Leila Sadeghi, Salar Jamali,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract

Sadeghi  L. & Jamali  S. 2016. Molecular plants defense mechanisms against nematodes. Plant Pathology Science 5(2):90-100.

Plant  parasitic  nematodes can devastate a wide range of  crop  plants. They are obligate parasites and have evolved compatible parasitic relationship with their host plants to obtain nutrients that are necessary to support their development and reproduction. Suppression of host defense is a key step for pathogenesis in the compatible interaction. Plant defense response is activated from the moment a nematode penetrates the plant root. Stylet and secretions of esophageal glands play central roles at during invasion to host, migration inside the roots and establishment of feeding site on host cells. New findings demonstrate that secretions of esophageal  glands of  some  nematodes as  effectors deliver  into the apoplast and cytoplasm of host cells to active plant defense responses in resistant host. Molecular  plants defense mechanisms against nematodes described in this paper.


Maryam Hatamabadi Farahani,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract

Hatamabadi-Farahani M. 2019. Root knot disease of pomegranate. Plant Pathology Science 8(1):38-49. DOI:10.2982/PPS.8.1.38.
 
 Pomegranate is an important fruit crop which is attacked by several pests and pathogens. Diseases caused by nematodes are of economic importance. The root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) causing considerable yield losses in pomegranate.  Root knot nematodes are sedentary endoparasite that are basically parasites of the roots, produces knots on root which cause weak root function in the absorption and transfer of water and nutrient. Above ground symptoms include dwarfing the plants, yellowing and reduction of foliage, falling leaves and yield losses. Under favorable temperature and moisture, eggs are hatching and second stage pathogenic juveniles are released. The management strategies are including sanitation, construction of nursery in healthy areas, annual plowing of garden, drip irrigation, soil solarization, organic amendment of soil and strengthen the trees.

Engineer Maryam Fouladi, Eidi Bazgir, Mostafa Darvishnia, Kourosh Azizi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract

Fouladi M, Bazgir E, Darvishnia M, Azizi K (2022) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with cucumber cultivation in Lorestan province of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):73-82.    Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.73

Introduction: Nematodes are one of the harmful factors for cucumber production in the world. This research was conducted to identify plant parasitic nematodes in cucumber fields and greenhouses in Lorestan province in western Iran. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five soil samples containing cucumber roots were collected from different cities of Lorestan province in western Iran. Extraction of nematodes, their fixation and the production of permanent microscopic slides and species identification were carried out using scientific references. Results: Twenty plant-parasitic nematode species from 12 genera of the order Tylenchina have been identified. The morphological characteristics of Amplimerlinius globigerus and Meloidogyne incognita have been described as the most harmful cucumber nematodes in the province. Conclusion: Eleven new species of cucumber root-associated nematode for Iran are reported here.


Mohammad Hosein Poor, Ramin Heydari, Ahmad Drakhshan, Somayeh Baadl Chery,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract

Hoseinpoor M, Heydari R, Drakhshan A, Baadl Chery S (2022) The effect of ferula and rosemary extracts on tomato root knot nematode. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):83-91.    Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.83

Introduction: Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) is considered as one of the limiting factors in the cultivation of greenhouse crops, including tomatoes. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of rosemary and ferula extracts compared to chemical nematicides of rugby and volum to find an environmentally friendly method for disease management. Materials and Methods: The effect of rosemary and ferula extracts with rugby and volum nematicides on tomato root-knot nematode was investigated in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings of Mobil variety were inoculated with second instar larvae of M. javanica at the 4-6 leaf stage and the effects of plants extracts and nematicides were investigated. After 60 days, the plants were removed from the pot and their growth indicators and disease severity were measured. Results: The simultaneous use of rosemary and ferula extracts had the greatest effect in reducing pathogenicity indicators such as gall index, number of larvae and number of eggs and increasing plant growth indicators such as fresh and dry weight of root and fresh weight of stem compared to control infected with nematode and nematicides treatments. Conclusion: The good effect of the combination of ferula and rosemary extracts compared to chemical nematicides shows the appropriate potential of its use as an environmentally friendly method for disease management.


 
Forough Kazemian, Salar Jamali, Zohreh Alipour, Seyed Mohsen Nasaj Hosseini,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract

Kazemian F, Jamali S, Alipour Z, Nasaj Hosseini SM (2023) The effect of four herbal compounds on root-knot nematode of kiwi. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):27-40. 

Introduction: Root-knot nematodes damage is one of the major problems in kiwifruit production in northern Iran. This research was carried out to investigate the possibility of using dried leaves of four plants to manage kiwifruit root-knot nematode. Materials and Methods: The soil and roots of diseased kiwifruit from the gardens of Rudsar City, Gilan Province, Iran were sampled and their root knot nematode was purified using the single egg mass method on the early Urbana tomato variety. The morphological characteristics of nematode second stage larvae and females were examined and nematode species were identified. By using the single egg mass technique, the necessary nematode population was reared on the early Urbana tomato. The effect of dry leaves of chrysanthemum, parsley, guava and oleander in two rates of 50 and 75 grams per kilogram of soil was evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates for each treatment on nematode-inoculated kiwi seedlings of Hayward cultivar. Nematode-related indices (number of galls, egg mass, eggs and J2s in 250 g of soil and reproductive factor) and plant growth characteristics (seedling height; root length and volume; fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots) were measured. Results: The root- knot nematode causing the disease in this region was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. In addition to controlling the nematode, the treatments used improved the growth of the kiwi seedlings. The results of the mean comparison of data showed that the treatment of 75 g of chrysanthemum leaves had a greater effect on reducing nematode population indices than other treatments. The next effective treatments were chrysanthemum at the rate of 50g, parsley at the rate of 75g, parsley at the rate of 50g, oleander at the rate of 75g, oleander at the rate of 50g, guava at the rate of 75g and guava at the rate of 50g, respectively. Treatment with 75 g of chrysanthemums also had the greatest effect on improving the growth rate of tomato seedlings. Conclusion: Adding 75g of dry chrysanthemum leaves to each kilogram of soil will help reduce root nematode damage and improve the growth of kiwi seedlings.


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