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Showing 7 results for Aspergillus
Ten Seed borne Pathogenic Fungi
Zeinab Sharafi , Mehdi Sadravi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Sharafi Z. & Sadravi M. 2015. Ten seed borne pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology Science 4(1):34-45. 
Most crops are propagated by seed. A large number of pathogenic fungi can transmitted by seed and cause epidemy of destructive plant diseases. Treatment of seeds has been shown to prevent plant disease epidemics caused by seedborne fungal pathogens. In this paper, morphological characteristics of ten pathogenic fungi belong to the genera, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Bipolaris, which can decay or reduce the germination of seeds or cause the brown leaf spot disease of cereals, has been described.

Eight Useful Aspergillus Species
Mahya Rahimizadeh, Mehdi Sadravi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (2-2017)
Abstract

Rahimizadeh M. & Sadravi  M. 2016. Eight useful Aspergillus species. Plant Pathology Science 6(1): 22-32.

Aspergillus species are saprophytic fungi which can live on plant debris in the soil and water and also on some plant products, stored fruits and grains. They can be identified by studying the features of colonies, conidiophores, vesicles, phialids and conidia, on selective culture media. The biocontrol potential of some isolates of A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. piperis, A. repens, A. tamarii, A. terrus and A. tubingensis, against some plant diseases such as cocoa black pod, root galls and Fusarium root rot of tomato, Alternaria leaf spot, Fusarium dry rot, potato pink and soft rot of tubers has been proven. They also can act as plant growth promoter and aflatoxin reducer agent in seeds and nuts. Key morphological characteristics of these eight species of Aspergillus is described in this paper. Most of these species are reported from Iran, thus identification and application of their efficient isolates can be suggested in plant diseases management as well as the plant growth enhancement programs.


Common Pathogens of Plant and Human
Yalda Vasebi, Saeid Buroon, Mohammad Mehdi Faghihi ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract

Vasebi Y., Buroon S. and  Faghihi M. M. 2017. Common pathogenic agents of plant and human. Plant Pathology Science 6(2):78-88.

Some plant pathogens are also serious threats to human health. Pathogenic fungi from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Claviceps, Fusarium, Paecilomyces and Exserohilum, and some bacteriaa genera including Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Erwinia, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia and Xanthomonas can cause harmful diseases in human. Diseases caused by these microorganisms in plants and human are described here and some researches to identify them on raw fruits and vegetables are suggested.
 


Review of Aflatoxin in Pistachio and its Control Strategies
Mohammad Moradi, Seyed Reza Fani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Moradi M. and Fani S. R. 2018. A review of aflatoxin in pistachio and control strategies. Plant Pathology Science 7(2): 22-33. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.7.2.22
 Aflatoxin contamination of pistachio nut is a health challenge that can affect the economic value of the largest Iranian non-oil exports. This potent hepatocarcinogen mycotoxin is produced by some species of Aspergillus, particularly by A. flavus, under certain conditions during fruiting, harvesting, transportation and storage. Infection of pistachio to the fungus in the orchard is the key factor in its contamination with aflatoxin. This situation occurs with the formation of early splited pistachios and mechanical damages that caused by biotic and abiotic factors. The environmental temperature and relative humidity and the moisture content of pistachio, during the different stages of pistachio production and processing, have significant roles in the incidence and distribution of fungal contamination as well as the increasing of aflatoxin production. The inhibition of these factors is possible with applying of some agronomic, mechanical, physical and biological methods. Orchard establishment based on principles of gardening like optimal plant spacing, uniformity of cultivars, good pruning, proper irrigation method and nutrition along with on time harvesting, proper processing and storage, can guarantee the production of a healthy and valuable product. Biological controls using nontoxinogenic strains of A. flavus and yeasts are also recorded as successful strategies for reducing the pistachio aflatoxin.

Fungal Plant Disease Management by Natural Essential Oils
Banafsheh Safaiefarahani, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract
Safaei-Farahani B. and Mostowfizade-Ghalamfarsa R. 2019. Fungal plant disease management by natural essential oils. Plant Pathology Science 8(1):24-37.
DOI: 10.2982/PPS.8.1.24.

 Essential oils are hydrophobic, volatile and aromatic compounds that have been used as fragrances and flavors for a long time. Recent studies have shown that some plant essential oils have fungicidal effects against some important plant pathogens. For instance, the essential oil of thyme inhibits the mycelial growth of Penicillium italicum and the essential oil of lavender shows the fungistatic effect on ‎ Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger. The essential oil of thyme has also been used to control the black rot of orange caused by Alternaria citri and grey mold of strawberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea. Antifungal activities of essential oils are mainly related to their effects on fungal cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria and nitric oxide level. As a result of increased concern about harmful chemical pesticides, essential oils can have a good place in the market as natural fungicides. In this paper, application of essential oils as natural fungicides, their mode of actions and some safety aspects of their application have been discussed.

Fungi in Desert Areas of Yazd Province
Vahideh Rafiei, Zia Banihashemi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Rafiei V and Banihashemi Z (2019) Fungi in desert areas of Yazd province. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):110-121. DOI:10.2982/PPS.8.2.110.
Introduction: The Fungi which are able to grow at the temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius are known as thermophilic fungi. So far, no study has been carried out on fungi in desert areas of Iran so the present study was aimed to isolate and identify the fungi in desert areas of Yazd province. Materials and Methods: Four desert regions of Yazd province were visited and samples were taken from soil and plant roots. The fungi were isolated by soil dilution method and were cultured on potato-agar extract medium. Genus and species of fungi were identified by valid identification keys. Results: Eighteen fungi from eight genera vs. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Ulocladium, Stemphylium, Paecilomyces, Rhizopus and Fusarium were identified in this study. Conclusion: The species of Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most abundant species in desert soils of this province. All fungi identified in this study are reported for the first time from Iranian desert soils.

Plants growth promoting fungi
Maryam Mirtalebi, Javad Shafienia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Shafienia J, Mirtalebi M (2022) Plants growth promoting fungi. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):112-124.        Doi:10.2982/PPS.11.2.112
 
The world's population is growing rapidly. To feed this large population, more crops must be produced. The broad use of fertilizers, pesticides and other inputs increases the productivity of existing agricultural lands and the amount of food production, but this increase in yield causes damage to the environment, soil degradation and the destruction of its natural microbial population. To prevent these harmful effects of the chemicals, an eco-friendly approach is needed to ensure human health and the environment. In the innovative view of agricultural production, there is a growing demand for the use of biofertilizers instead of agrochemicals. The use of beneficial microorganisms can be a new strategy to improve plant health and productivity. Natural microbial populations play an important role in the solubilizing and mineralizing of soil nutrients, which is very important for plant growth and development. Among the various microbial populations, fungi known as plants growth promoting fungi (PGPF) have recently received increasing attention. For decades, plant growth promoting fungi such as Trichoderma, Penicillium, Phoma, Aspergillus and Fusarium have been studied. Studies have shown that these fungi, regulate plant growth without environmental pollution and increase plant tolerance to plant pathogens. In this review a brief description of plant growth promoting fungi is given first. In the following, the nature and composition of these fungi as well as the mode of actions, formulation and related challenges will be concidered.

 
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