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Showing 7 results for Alternaria

Vahid Ghazi-Mohseni, Seyed Kazem Sabbagh, Sedigheh Esmaili Bahabadi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract

Ghazi-Mohseni V., Sabbagh S. K. & Esmaili Bahabadi S. 2015. Application of chitosan in plant diseases management. Plant Pathology Science 4(1):54-63. Chitosan is a biodegradable natural compound derived from the bark of crabs and shrimp which have antimicrobial role against fungi and bacteria. Chitosan has directly effects on morphology of treated pathogens which reflect its fungistatical and fungicidal activity. It has been shown that chitosan increases production of glucanohydrolase, phenolic compounds and specific phytoalexin synthesis with antifungal activity and reduces enzymes such as polygalacturonase, pectin methyl-esterase that related to soft rot . In addition, chitosan can develop structural barriers via lignin synthesis. Therefore chitosan is considered as a new non-toxic biological material, inducer resistance of plants against diseases.
Zeinab Sharafi , Mehdi Sadravi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract

Sharafi Z. & Sadravi M. 2015. Ten seed borne pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology Science 4(1):34-45. 
Most crops are propagated by seed. A large number of pathogenic fungi can transmitted by seed and cause epidemy of destructive plant diseases. Treatment of seeds has been shown to prevent plant disease epidemics caused by seedborne fungal pathogens. In this paper, morphological characteristics of ten pathogenic fungi belong to the genera, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Bipolaris, which can decay or reduce the germination of seeds or cause the brown leaf spot disease of cereals, has been described.

Najmeh Gharacheh , Mehdi Sadravi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract

Gharacheh N. & Sadravi  M. 2015. Five important fungal diseases of  pulse crops in Iran. Plant Pathology Science 4(2):17-25. 

Bean, pea, lentil, vetch and broad bean grains are rich in protein.  Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (a province in the southwest Iran) is one of the cultivation area of the pulses. In this province, five important fungal diseases included Fusarium wilt, Fusarium root rot, Ascochyta blight, Alternaria blight, and charcoal rot, are common on these plants. Symptoms of these diseases, key morphological characteristics of the pathogens and their distribution areas in Iran and the world is described.

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Malihe Erfani, Mahdi Davari,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract

Erfani M. and Davari M. 2018. Protease inhibitors and their application against plant pathogens. Plant Pathology Science 7(2):60-72. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.7.2.60
 Proteases cleave the peptide bonds in proteins and in this way prevent protein activity by degrading them. Proteases are classified into four categories: serine proteases, cysteine proteases, aspartic proteases and metalloproteases. Plant pathogens utilize these vital molecules in plant infecting process. In the other hand, the activity of proteases is inhibited by protease inhibitors of plants. Serine is one of the protease inhibitors. The plants produce the materials inhibiting pathogenic proteases. These molecules are produced in plant cells during pathogenic microorganisms and viruses attack. Protease inhibitors are divided into several families based on sequence similarity and structure. Because the risk of pathogen resistance to this defense strategy is low, it seems these molecules could be use for biological control against plant pathogens.

Aida Ahmadizadeh Esfahani, Mehdi Sadravi, Sholeh Kazemi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Ahmadizadeh Esfahani A, Sadravi M and Kazem S (2019) Effect of nano-chitosan on early blight disease of tomato. Plant Pathology Science 8(2):102-109.
DOI: 10.2982/PPS.8.2.102.
Introduction: Early blight caused by Alternaria species is one of the most important tomato diseases in the world. The disease has been reported from most areas in Iran with up to 90% infection. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nano-chitosan on the severity of the ‎disease and its use as a replacement‎ of the chemical fungicide, chlorothalonil. Materials and Methods: Diseased tomato plants of fields and greenhouses of Fars province in southern Iran were sampled. Pathogens were isolated from diseased tissues, purified and identified by studying their morphological characteristics. The effect of nano-chitosan at three concentrations of three, five and seven grams per liter and the fungicide chlorothalonil were tested before and after inoculation of two pathogens. The disease severity indexes were measures in Sunseed and 16 cultivars of tomato under greenhouse conditions using a factorial experimental in completely randomized design with four replications. The data were analyzed with comparing the means. Results: The isolated pathogens were identified as A. solani and A. alternata. Results of the greenhouse experiment showed that A. solani was more aggressive than A. alternata and the cultivar 16 was more resistant to the disease. Nano-chitosan at 5 and 7 mg/ l significantly reduced disease severity indexes when use before pathogen inoculation, and at 7 mg/l when use after pathogen inoculation. Conclusion: Nano-chitosan can be used as a bio-fungicide to replace chlorothalonil as a chemical fungicide for disease management.

Seyed Moslem Hosseini, Mostafa Darvishnia, H R Hossein Rezaeinejad, Eidi Bazgir, Fatemeh Darvishnia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract

Hosseini SM, Darvishnia M, Rezaei Nejad A, Bazgir E, Darvishnia F (2022) The effect of essential oils of thyme, peppermint, savory and two fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):52-60.    Doi:10.2982/PPS.11.2.52
 
Introduction: Some plant essential oils have antifungal properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of three plant essential oils and two chemical fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. Materials and methods: The effect of different concentrations of three essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), peppermint (Mentha piperata L.) and khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad), compared to two chemical fungicides; mancozeb and carbendazim were investigated on the growth of three fungi Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani by dilution in Yeast Extract Sucrose Broth medium method and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were calculated. Results: Thyme essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect on A. solani and F. solani among these essential oils, and savory essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect on B. cinerea. Among the chemical fungicides, mancozeb had the most inhibitory effect on A. solani and carbendazim had the most inhibitory effect on B. cinerea and F. solani. Conclusion: Thyme and khuzestani savory essential oils have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of these three plants pathogenic fungi.


 
Khadijeh Abbasi, Saeed Afzalinia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract

Abbasi K, Afzalinia S (2022) Introduction of eight fungi isolated from potato golden cyst nematode in Iran. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):22-31.  
 Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.22
 
Introduction: The golden cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is considered as one of the most damaging potato pathogens in the world. Considering the skin composition of cyst nematodes and the ability of some fungi to produce enzymes that decompose it, this research was conducted to identify the fungi associated with potato cyst nematode. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six fungal isolates infecting potato golden cyst nematode in Hamedan province in western Iran were isolated and purified and identified based on morphological characteristics by valid keys. Results: Eight species of fungi belonging to three genera Alternaria, Clonostachys, Fusarium were isolated and identified from potato golden cyst nematode. The highest frequency was related to different species of Fusarium. Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of these eight fungi have been described and illustrated.


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