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Showing 10 results for Darvishnia

Soraya Mirzapour, Mostafa Darvishnia, Eidi Bazgir, Hossein Mirzaei Najafgholi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2020)
Abstract

Mirzapour S, Darvishnia M, Bazgir E, Mirzaei Najafgholi H (2020) Pathogenic variation of Didymella rabiei isolates causing Chickpea blight in three western provinces of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):1-13. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.1
 
Introduction: Chickpea blight, caused by Didymella rabiei, is the most limiting factor in chickpea production areas in the world, including the western provinces of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic diversity of the isolates collected from western provinces of Iran (Ilam, Lorestan and Kermanshah) on differential lines of chickpea, as well as the relationship between pathogenic diversity of the isolates and their geographical origins. Materials and Methods: During the 2017-18 chickpea growing season, samples of infected plants were collected from fields in western provinces and transferred to the laboratory. Then 100 pure isolates of D. rabiei were obtained. Based on the location of collection, the isolates were divided into 20 groups. Based on the morphological characteristics, one isolate from each group was selected as a representative for greenhouse experiments. The pathogenic diversity of theses 20 isolates was assessed on eight differential lines of chickpea. The factorial experiments were performed in a completely randomized block design under greenhouse conditions. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between differential lines and isolates at a probability level of p<0.01. Based on the response of the differential lines, the pathogenic isolates were grouped into three pathogenic groups, including pathogenic group 1 (weakly aggressive), group 2 (aggressive or moderately aggressive), and group 3 (highly aggressive). The isolates from Kermanshah and Lorestan Province were classified into Group 1 and the Ilam isolates into Groups 1, 2 and 3. The greatest severity of the disease was found in three isolates of Ilam province. The variety ILC3996 showed the highest resistance to all isolates. Conclusion: D. rabiei isolates from three western provinces of Iran are divided into three pathogenic groups: 1 (low aggressive), 2 (moderately aggressive), and 3 (highly aggressive). Highly aggressive isolates identified in Ilam province can be used in chickpea breeding programs to produce resistant cultivars to the disease.. The wild variety ILC3996 has resistant genes against these pathogenic groups and showed resistance to all of these isolates.

Masoumeh Changaei, Mostafa Darvishnia, Kourosh Azizi, Eidi Bazgir,
Volume 9, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2020)
Abstract

Changaei M, Darvishnia M, Azizi K, Bazgir E (2020) Plant parasitic nematodes fauna of stone fruit trees in Khorramabad County. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):51-62. DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.51.
Abstract
Introduction: The identification of plant parasitic nematodes, which are serious damaging factors for stone fruit trees production, is important to follow the goals of the agricultural sector and increase production. Materials and Methods: In order to identify plant parasitic nematodes associated with stone fruit trees in Khorramabad County, Iran, 72 soil samples were collected from stone fruit trees from different regions of Khorramabad County, during 2017 and 2018. After the extraction, killing and fixing of nematodes, species were identified in consideration of morphological and morphometric characteristics using a light microscope equipped with a digital camera. Results: Thirty species of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified from 19 genera of the suborder Tylenchina. Morphological characteristics of Aphelenchoides sp. and Ditylenchus sp. which did not match any of the reported species described.
Conclusion: Aphelenchoides haguei, Helicotylenchus tunisiensis, Merlinius nanus, Filenchus ditissimus and F. facultativus on stone fruit trees in Iran are reporting for the first time.
 
Dorna Forghani, Eidi Bazgir, Mehdi Nasr Esfahani, Mostafa Darvishnia,
Volume 9, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2020)
Abstract

Forghani D, Bazgir E, Nasr Esfahani M, Darvishnia M (2020) Pathogenicity severity of  Iranian isolates of Rhizoctonia solani  in Burren potato cultivar. Plant Pathology Science 9(2):63-72.            DOI: 10.2982/PPS.9.2.63.
 
Introduction: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a soil borne fungus that causes stem canker and black scurf and severely damages crop in various potato growing areas in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of various fungal isolates from different potato growing areas in Iran on the Burren cultivar. Material and Methods: In this study, The pathogenicity of 70 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from major potato growing areas in Iran including the provinces of Ardabil, Isfahan, Fars, Kurdistan, Kerman, Lorestan and Hamedan was investigated on the potato cultivar ‘Burren’ in completely randomized design experiment under greenhouse conditions. Results: The analysis of variance showed that the pathogenicity of the isolates was very different at probability level of 1% is significant, and therefore they were divided into different groups. Conclusions: The isolates of Ardabil-1, Ardabil-5, Isfahan-14, Fars-26, Fars-29, Kurdistan-34, Kurdistan-39, Kurdistan-40, Kerman-47 and Hamedan-66 had the highest pathogenicity, while the  isolates Fars-21, Isfahan-20, Hamedan-65 and Isfahan-18 showed the lowest pathogenicity, respectively.

Maryam Mirderikvand, Mostafa Darvishnia, Eidy Bazgir, Samira Pakbaz,
Volume 10, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2021)
Abstract

Mirderikvand M, Darvishnia M, Bazgir E, Pakbaz S (2021) Introduction of Fusarium species associated with crown and root of canola in Lorestan Province of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 10(1):64-75.     Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.1.64.
 
Introduction: Canola is one of the most important oilseeds in the world. Fusarium species can causes of canola root and crown rot. Material and Methods: In order to identify Fusarium species associated with rapeseed, some samples of the roots and crown of infected and suspicious plants were taken from rapeseed fields in the counties of Lorestan Province during the 2018 growing season. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and pathogenic fungi isolated and purified using specific and public media and then identified with valid keys. Results: A total of 88 isolates were obtained from the collected samples, which due to the morphological characteristics as F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, F. diversisporum, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, and F. solani. F. culmorum with 21 isolates (23.86%) and F. solani with 7 isolates (7.95%) had the highest and lowest frequency percentage, respectively. Conclusion: Canola is reported for the first time as a new host for F. diversisporum and F. sambucinum in Iran.

Nafiseh Hesami, Mostafa Darvishnia, Eidi Bazgir,
Volume 10, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2021)
Abstract

Hesami N, Darvishnia M, Bazgir E (2021) Reaction of nine bean cultivars to two  Fusarium species. Plant Pathology Science 10(2):93-104.   
  Doi: 10.2982/PPS.10.2.93.
 
Introduction: Two soil-borne fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, are the causes of important diseases of beans wilting and root rot. The best way to manage these diseases is to identify and cultivate resistant cultivars. This study was conducted to identify the reaction of nine Iranian beans cultivars to these two pathogenic fungi. Materials and Methods: Bean-diseased plants were collected from farms in Aligudarz city in Lorestan province, in western Iran, and F. oxysporum and F. solani were isolated from them in the laboratory. At first the pathogenesis of these fungi was investigated on a local cultivar. Then, the reaction of nine bean cultivars to them was determined in a completely randomized design experiment in the greenhouse. Results: Reaction of cultivars to F. oxysporum and F. solani respectively were, Dadfar red-bean with disease severity of 28.8 and 26.6%, Sayad red-bean  with 33.3 and 28.8%, Koosha pinto-bean  with 35.5 and 33.3%, White 247 with 40 and 37.8%, Pak white-bean with 46.6 and 46.7% and pinto-bean 492 with 48.8 and 46.7% respectively, were grouped as semi-sensitive. Saleh pinto-bean with a disease severity of 64.4 and 62.2%, Yaghot red-bean  with 77.7 and 80% and Almas white with 82.2 and 86.7% respectively, were determined as sensitive. Pearson correlation analysis also showed that there was a significant negative correlation between root length, fresh and dry weight of root with diseases severity. Conclusion: Six cultivars of Iranian beans vs Dadfar, Sayad, Koosha, White247, Pak and 492 are semi-sensitive to these diseases.

Samira Pakbaz, Mostafa Darvishnia, Arezoo Naghavi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract

Pakbaz S, Darvishnia M, Naghavi A (2022) Phylogenetic status of Grapevine fanleaf virus isolate of Lorestan province of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):1-12.                     Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.1
 
Introduction: Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is a major grapevine infecting virus in the world. Materials and Methods: Grapes showing GFLV signs were sampled from the suburbs of the city of Khorramabad in Lorestan Province of Iran in spring 2020 and RT-PCR test was performed to amplify their GFLV-CP gene and the product was sequenced. Results: Specific primers were able to amplify a 1515 bp fragment of the CP gene. Based on the nucleotide sequence of this fragment, GFLV was first identified in this region. The nucleotide sequence similarity of this isolate was detected at 89.14-95.64% with other isolates in the NCBI library. Also, the phylogenetic tree of these isolates, based on the genomic CP region, grouped GFLV isolates into two groups I and II. The Lorestan GFLV isolate was placed in a subgroup in Group I together with GFLV isolates from the northwestern part of Iran and the Takestan isolate, and isolates from other countries were grouped in a separate subgroup of this group. Also in the phylogenetic tree, the Northeast isolates and the Fars and Kohgiloyeh & Boyer-Ahmad province isolates were classified in Group II. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the virus is endemic and that its likely origin was in Iran and then spread to other parts of the world. The impact of geographic segregation on the evolution of GFLV can also be deduced.

 
Engineer Maryam Fouladi, Eidi Bazgir, Mostafa Darvishnia, Kourosh Azizi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Abstract

Fouladi M, Bazgir E, Darvishnia M, Azizi K (2022) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with cucumber cultivation in Lorestan province of Iran. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):73-82.    Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.2.73

Introduction: Nematodes are one of the harmful factors for cucumber production in the world. This research was conducted to identify plant parasitic nematodes in cucumber fields and greenhouses in Lorestan province in western Iran. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five soil samples containing cucumber roots were collected from different cities of Lorestan province in western Iran. Extraction of nematodes, their fixation and the production of permanent microscopic slides and species identification were carried out using scientific references. Results: Twenty plant-parasitic nematode species from 12 genera of the order Tylenchina have been identified. The morphological characteristics of Amplimerlinius globigerus and Meloidogyne incognita have been described as the most harmful cucumber nematodes in the province. Conclusion: Eleven new species of cucumber root-associated nematode for Iran are reported here.


Seyed Moslem Hosseini, Mostafa Darvishnia, H R Hossein Rezaeinejad, Eidi Bazgir, Fatemeh Darvishnia,
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Abstract

Hosseini SM, Darvishnia M, Rezaei Nejad A, Bazgir E, Darvishnia F (2022) The effect of essential oils of thyme, peppermint, savory and two fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology Science 11(2):52-60.    Doi:10.2982/PPS.11.2.52
 
Introduction: Some plant essential oils have antifungal properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of three plant essential oils and two chemical fungicides on the growth of three plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. Materials and methods: The effect of different concentrations of three essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), peppermint (Mentha piperata L.) and khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad), compared to two chemical fungicides; mancozeb and carbendazim were investigated on the growth of three fungi Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani by dilution in Yeast Extract Sucrose Broth medium method and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were calculated. Results: Thyme essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect on A. solani and F. solani among these essential oils, and savory essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect on B. cinerea. Among the chemical fungicides, mancozeb had the most inhibitory effect on A. solani and carbendazim had the most inhibitory effect on B. cinerea and F. solani. Conclusion: Thyme and khuzestani savory essential oils have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of these three plants pathogenic fungi.


 
Fahima Yarahmadi, Mostafa Darvishnia, Kourosh Azizi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2023)
Abstract

Yarahmadi F, Darvishnia M, Azizi K (2023) Root-lesion and cyst nematodes of vegetable and cucurbits fields in the suburbs of Rumeshkan city, Lorestan province, Iran. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):53-65.
Introduction: Root lesions and cyst nematodes can cause serious damage and loss in vegetable and squash production. This research aimed to identify these important plant parasitic nematodes in the fields of these plants in the suburbs of Rumeshkan city, Lorestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Forty-five soil and root samples were collected from vegetable and squash fields in the region, in 2021. The nematodes were extracted using the tray method and fixed using the modified de Grisse method and transferred to glycerol. After the permanent microscopic slides were prepared, the morphological characteristics of each nematode were examined using a bright-field microscope equipped with a digital camera and then identified using valid keys. Results: The lesion nematodes were identified as Pratylenchus speijeriP. neglectus and P. thornei and the cyst nematode as Heterodera schachtii. This is the first report and description of P. speijeri from Iran and also the first report of H. schachtii from lettuce in Iran. Conclusion: Due to the presence of these important plant parasitic nematodes on these plants in this region, appropriate management practices need to be implemented.


 
Zahra Mirzaeipour, Eidi Bazgir, Doustmorad Zafari, Mostafa Darvishnia,
Volume 12, Issue 2 ((Spring and Summer) 2023)
Abstract

Mirzaeipour Z, Bazgir E, Zafari D, Darvishnia M (2023) Effect of temperature and culture medium on the growth and sporulation of eight Trichoderma species. Plant Pathology Science 12(2):105-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2982/PPS.12.2.105

Trichoderma species are important agents of biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens. The growth and reproduction of these fungi are influenced by the culture medium and temperature. This study was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and culture medium on the growth and sporulation of Trichoderma species. Ten isolates of Trichoderma species were isolated from agricultural soils of different regions of Lorestan Province, Iran. The study of morphological characteristics and sequencing of ITS-rDNA, and tef1α gene regions showed that they are belong to eight species of Trichoderma. Investigating the effect of four types of culture medium and five temperatures to determine optimum culture medium and temperature for the growth and reproduction of these fungi, showed that the Potato/Dextrose/Agar (PDA) medium is the best, and the temperature of 20 to 30 degrees Celsius is optimal for the growth and reproduction of these fungi. Evaluation of their ability to inhibit the growth of the soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in vitro, showed that T. harzianum LT8 has the most inhibition ability. Therefore, this isolate can be used as a potential biocontrol agent for this plant pathogenic fungus in future research.
 


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