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Amir Ramzani, Dr Safarali Mahdian,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2-2016)
Abstract

Ramezani A.  &  Mahdian S. A. 2016. Biological control of post-harvest citrus diseases. Plant Pathology Science 5(1):14-25.

Post- harvest rot of citrus fruits is one of the most important limiting factors that reduce the life of harvested products and are one of the most important economical diseases in world’s citrus production areas. Two most important fungi that affect the citrus fruits, are green and blue molds which are produced by Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum, respectively. The disease are mainly managed by using the synthetic fungicides, but because of environmental hazards and appearance of resistant strains of the pathogen, the biological control by the use of bacterial, fungal and yeast antagonists can be suggested. The efficiency of yeasts such as Candida guilliermondii, C. saitoan, Pichia guilliermondi and Aureobasidium pullulans; the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Pantoea agglomerans and the fungus Muscodor albus, in controlling the green and blue molds of citrus is reported so far. In this paper, we tried to explain the method of biological control with emphasizing on the identification of useful microorganisms and their operation. 

Safarali Mahdian, Amir Ramzani Domirkolaei, Mohammadali Tajik Ghanbari,
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract

Mahdian S, Ramzani Domirkolaei A, Tajik Ghanbari M (2022) Effect of myrtle essential oil, chitosan and thiabendazole fungicide on citrus green mold. Plant Pathology Science 11(1):74-88.         Doi: 10.2982/PPS.11.1.74.
 
Introduction: Green mold (Penicillium digitatum) is one of the most important post-harvest pathogens of citrus fruits. Tens of thousands of citrus fruits are often destroyed by green mold in Iran every year. The use of chemical toxins to control the disease, in addition to negative environmental effects, leads to the selection of fungal-resistant populations and also endangers consumer health, so non-chemical control of the pathogen has become an important goal of researchers in recent years. Materials and Methods: The essential oil components of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) were extracted with a Clevenger apparatus and their compounds were identified with a gas chromatography apparatus with a mass spectrometer. The inhibitory effect of myrtle essential oil and the fungicides chitosan and thiabendazole on spore germination and colony growth was investigated by mixing with PDA and PDB under laboratory conditions and by impregnating the fruit surface during storage. Results: Thirteen compounds were identified in myrtle essential oil, which was quantitatively the highest compound 1-8 cineole. Myrtle essential oil at a concentration of 1700 ppm and chitosan at a concentration of 500 ppm inhibited 100% of fungal colony growth, as did the fungicide thiabendazole. Conclusion: It is possible to use myrtle essential oil or chitosan as an alternative to the fungicide thiabendazole to control citrus green mold.


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