http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps University of Yasouj Plant Pathology Science - Journal articles for year 2013, Volume 2, Number 2 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com en 2013/9/10 http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_id=50&sid=1&slc_lang=en Management of soil borne disease of tomato with the aim of reducing the use of chemical pesticides and produce healthy products needs to provide appropriate policy. Grafting is one of the most effective control measures of soil borne pathogens result in healthy crop production and is an excellent substitute for chemical control. According to some investigations, grafting the commercial varieties on resistant rootstocks results in higher yield as well as the better quality. In addition to obtain higher product quality and optimize plant growth, disease management can be achieve by minimum application of pesticides. ELMIRA ABUTORABI http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_id=51&sid=1&slc_lang=en Powdery mildew is one of the most important diseases of alfalfa crops in Iran. Leveillula taurica which is the main causal pathogen on alfalfa, has a wide host range and distributed in warm and arid areas of the world. Planting the resistant and moderately resistant cultivars is the most appropriate method to control the powdery mildew of alfalfa. Based on field trials in Iran, the cultivars Codi and Gharehyonjeh are moderately resistant Bami is moderately susceptible Hamedani 121 and Hamedani 122 are susceptible and Mohajeran, Simertchenskaya, Diablorde and Ranger are highly susceptible to this disease. Accordingly, Codi and Gharehyonjeh which are the moderately resistant cultivars can be used for management of this disease. MASOUMEH HATAMZADEH http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_id=52&sid=1&slc_lang=en Fusarium yellows causing yellow, brown and wilted leaves. The gladiola bulbs rot and reduce quantity, quality and marketability of flowers. Four Fusarium species, especially F. oxysporum. f.sp. gladioli cause this disease. These fungi can survive as microconidia, macroconidia, clamydospore and mycelium, in the soil. Bulb discoloration is the most common symptom of the disease. In storage, the diseased corms get softened, mummified and wrinkled. Many researches have been carried on to investigate the methods of disease control, but all were unsuccessful so far. Disease management is based on resistant varieties, chemicals, cultural and biological measures. However, a combination of several methods provides a better opportunity to manage this disease. EISA NAZERIAN http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_id=53&sid=1&slc_lang=en Powdery mildew disease of beet, cause by the fungus Erysiphe polygoni, is highly epidemic on table beets which are mostly cultivated in cooler regions of Isfahan province. Severity of the disease in fodder beets is lower than that of table beets. Studies on this fungus revealed that there is ascocarp formation as yellow spots which then turned to light to dark brown and then to black spherical bodies on upper, lower and petiols of the leaves, at the end of the season. Asci contain ellipsoid ascospores . Disease symptoms, characters of the pathogen and methods of disease management are described. Mehdi NASR ESFAHANI http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_id=54&sid=1&slc_lang=en Nanotechnology is the science of identification, production and use of materials at nanometer (10-9 m) scale. Regarding to application of this technology in plant pathology, this technology provides power to organize producing biological nanosensors for rapid detection of pathogens, production of nano silver and nano silica-silver to control bacteria and fungi, and the preparation of pesticides as nano capsules, at molecular level. Metal nanoparticles, the inhibitor of plant pathogens are derived from some fungi, bacteria and some plants including sunflower, alfalfa, Indian mustard, magnolia and Japanese persimmon. Mehdi Sadravi http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/pps/browse.php?a_id=55&sid=1&slc_lang=en Contamination of the soil in limited arable areas with toxic substances has increased during recent decades. Phytoremediation is a technology in which plants are applied to remove, degrade or reduce the hazardous effects of toxic substances in the soil. Symbiotic fungi in symbiosis relation with plant roots efficiently increase the plants ability to remove the toxic substances from contaminated soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma mesophaeum which is in symbiosis with norway spruce, beech, alder, willow and pussy, can uptake the heavy metals of soil and disable them in its hartig net in the root epidermis. It helps plants to maintain optimal growth and establish in contaminated soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Septoglomus deserticola, Glomus versiforme and G. intraradices help to deploy for optimal growth, and more absorption of nutrients in contaminated soils to cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and petroleum in maize, soybean, clover, subterranean clover, tomato and eucalyptus. These fungi can fix and disable these elements and pollutants in intraradical hyphal net. Accordingly, mycorrhizal fungi are powerful biological restoratives in contaminated lands. MEHDI Sadravi