fa اثر پیش‌تیمار بذر بر برخی مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیمی گیاهچه گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) در شرایط تنش خشکی در آزمایشگاه سایر موضوعات General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">چکیده</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مبسوط</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه: گلرنگ گیاهی است که به دلیل دارا بودن ارزش بالای دارویی و غذایی به خصوص استحصال روغن خوراکی در کشورهای توسعه یافته مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خشکی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهمترین</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">عوامل</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زیان</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بار</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نواحی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خشک</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نیمه</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خشک جهان</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">که</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تولید</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیاه</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">را</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحت</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تأثیر</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">قرار</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می‌دهد</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد تعدیل کننده نقش</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهمی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">را</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سازگاری</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیاهان</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شرایط تنش</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ایفا می‌کنند. از جمله این مواد هورمون</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسید</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جیبرلیک </span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و آنتی اکسیدان اسید آسکوربیک است که موجب </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">افزایش تحمل</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیاهان</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شرایط</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نا مساعد</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">محیطی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">می‌شوند</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> تحقیق</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حاضر</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">منظور</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بررسی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تأثیر</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسید جیبرلیک و اسید آسکوربیک</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بر مؤلفه‌های</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جوانه‌زنی بذر</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برخی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شاخص‌های</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آنزیمی گلرنگ</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شرایط</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تنش خشکی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انجام</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش&shy;ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه ایرانشهر در سال 1399 اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل سه سطح پیش‌تیمار بذر </span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شاهد (پیش تیمار با آب مقطر)، پیش تیمار</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسید جیبرلیک و پیش تیمار با اسید آسکوربیک)</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و عامل دوم تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (0، 3-، 6- و 9- بار) بود. </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تنش خشکی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پل</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اتیلن گلایکول</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">6000</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اعمال</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد.</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جوانه‌زنی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بذرها</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داخل</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ژرمیناتور با</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دمای 25 درجه</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سلسیوس</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مدت</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">14</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روز</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحت</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شرایط</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تاریکی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انجام</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> صفات</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جوانه‌زنی</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شاخص‌های آنزیمی طبق روش‌های</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استاندارد</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اندازه‌گیری</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اکثر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشدی گیاهچه گلرنگ با افزایش تنش خشکی روند کاهشی داشت، همچنین تنش خشکی منجر به تغییر فعل و انفعالات آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت شد. پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید جیبرلیک و اسید آسکوربیک در مقایسه با بذرهای پیش‌تیمار نشده، منجر به افزایش شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی، رشد گیاهچه و بهبود در فعالیت آنزیمی از جمله کاتالاز، پراکسیداز</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز شد. پیش‌تیمار با اسید جیبرلیک از برتری معنی‌داری برخوردار بود. پیش‌تیمار بذر در شرایط تنش خشکی منجر به افزایش صفات سرعت جوانه‌زنی، محتوی پروتئین و فعالیت کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و آسکوربیک دیسموتاز نسبت به شاهد گردید.</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به طور کلی، پیش‌تیمار بذرهای گلرنگ با استفاده از اسید جیبرلیک منجر به تغییر فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت شده و این فعل و انفعالات در نهایت موجب تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش خشکی و افزایش پارامترهای جوانه‌زنی شد.</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جنبه‌های نوآوری:</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">1- </span></span><span lang="FA" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size:10.0pt; padding:0cm"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نقش اسید جیبرلیک و اسید آسکوربیک بر صفات جوانه‌زنی بذر گلرنگ بررسی شد.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">2- تأثیر اسید جیبرلیک و اسید آسکوربیک بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت و پروتئن محلول در طول جوانه‌زنی بذر بررسی گردید.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Extended</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Abstract</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Safflower is a plant that has been considered due to its high medicinal and nutritional value, especially in the extraction of edible oils in developed countries. Drought is one of the most important harmful factors in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that affects plant production. Modifiers play an important role in plant adaptation to stress conditions. Among these compounds are the hormone gibberellic acid and the antioxidant ascorbic acid, which increase plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. The present study investigated the effect of gibberellic acid and ascorbic acid on seed germination parameters and some enzymatic indices of safflower under drought stress.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Mater</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">i</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">als and Methods:</span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the Agricultural Science Laboratory of Iranshahr University in 2020. Experimental treatments included three levels of control (pretreatment with distilled water), pretreatment with gibberellic acid and ascorbic acid, and four levels of drought stress (0, -3, -6, and -9 bar).</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Drought stress was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000. Seed germination was carried out inside a germinator at 25 &deg; ^C for 14 days in darkness.</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Germination traits and enzymatic indices were measured using standard methods.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The results of variance showed that most germination and growth indices of safflower seedlings decreased with increasing drought stress</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">.</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Also, drought stress led to changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Seed priming with gibberellic acid and ascorbic acid increased germination indices and seedling growth and improved enzymatic activity, including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in comparison with untreated seeds. Priming with gibberellic acid had a significant advantage. Seed priming in drought stress conditions has increased germination rate, protein content, and catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbic dismutase activity, respectively,&nbsp;compared to the control.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">In general, seed priming of safflower using gibberellic acid changed the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These activities ultimately moderated the negative effects of drought stress and increased </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">germination</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> parameters</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Highlights</span></span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <ol> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The role of gibberellic acid and ascorbic acid on safflower seed germination traits was investigated.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> </ol> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The effect of gibberellic acid and ascorbic acid on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and soluble protein during seed germination was investigated.</span></span></span></div> آنتی اکسیدانت, اسید آسکوربیک, اسید جیبرلیک, پراکسیداز, کاتالاز Antioxidant, Ascorbic acid, Catalase, Gibberellic acid, Peroxidase 17 34 http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/browse.php?a_code=A-10-582-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mansoor Barahouei منصور براهوئی mansoor_br2008@yahoo.com 100319475328460011865 100319475328460011865 No Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi سید غلام رضا موسوی moosavi@iaubir.ac.ir 100319475328460011866 100319475328460011866 Yes Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی mjseghat@yahoo.com 100319475328460011867 100319475328460011867 No Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند Reza Baradaran رضا برادران r.baradaran@yahoo.com 100319475328460011868 100319475328460011868 No Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند Seyyed Mahdi Javadzadeh سید مهدی جوادزاده s.m.javadzadeh@gmail.com 100319475328460011869 100319475328460011869 No Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایرانشهر