fa بهبود جوانه‌زنی گیاه دم‌گاوی (Smirnovia iranica) از طریق کشت درون‌شیشه‌ای سایر موضوعات General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">چکیده مبسوط</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه: </span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیاه دم‌گاوی </span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> گونه‌های درختچه‌ای ارزشمند بومی و سازگار در ماسه&shy;زارهای مناطق مرکزی ایران است که علاوه بر ایفای نقش مهم در پوشش بیابانی به منظور حفاظت خاک، چرای دام و تولید علوفه، به عنوان گیاهی دارویی نیز حائز اهمیت است. از آن جایی که <span style="color:black">جوانه‌زنی</span> بذر این گیاه به دلیل داشتن پوسته‌ای سخت به راحتی انجام نمی‌گیرد، </span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">لذا در این تحقیق برای اولین بار از روش کشت بافت و استقرار بذر در محیط کشت درون شیشه‌ای به منظور غلبه بر مشکلات <span style="color:black">جوانه‌زنی</span> گیاه دم‌گاوی استفاده شده است.</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش‌ها: بذرهای بدون خراش، <span style="color:black">بذرهای</span> خراش داده شده و <span style="color:black">جنین بذر</span> گیاه دم‌گاوی به عنوان ریزنمونه</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">‌</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های مختلف، پس از تیمار گندزدایی سطحی در دو نوع محیط کشت (</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">MS</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">MS</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به همراه مخلوطی از اسیدهای‌آمینه) و همچنین در دو</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نوع تیمار نوری (16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی و</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دیگری 24 ساعت تاریکی مطلق)، به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در شش تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در نهایت درصد <span style="color:black">جوانه‌زنی</span> (10 روز پس از کشت بذر) و طول نوساقه رشد یافته (30 روز پس از <span style="color:black">جوانه زنی</span> بذر) اندازه</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیری شدند.</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها:</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتایج به&shy;دست آمده <span style="color:black">مبین</span> <span style="color:black">معنی‌دار</span> بودن تأثیر تیمارهای مورد بررسی روی برخی صفات جوانه‌زنی درون شیشه‌ای بود. مشخص شد که کاشت جنین بذر در محیط کشت </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">MS</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به همراه ترکیبی از اسید های‌آمینه در دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی، بهترین تیمار از نظر درصد جوانه‌زنی بذرها (</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">83/78%</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) و طول نوساقه جوانه&shy;زده (</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">83/44 میلی&shy;متر</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) می‌باشد.</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه گیری:</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از روش کشت درون شیشه‌ای می‌توان جهت بهبود <span style="color:black">جوانه‌زنی</span> و تولید پایه‌های بذری این گیاه استفاده نمود.</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جنبه‌های نو آوری:</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">1- روش شکست خواب بذور گیاه دم‌گاوی معرفی شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">2- روش ضدعفونی بذور دم‌گاوی جهت کشت درون شیشه‌ای معرفی گردید.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:106%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">3- </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:106%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ترکیبات محیط کشت درون شیشه‌ای به منظور جوانه‌زنی سریع و کار آمد بذور گیاه دم‌گاوی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:106%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">معرفی شد.</span></span></span></div> <div> <div id="ftn2"><span dir="RTL"></span></div> </div> <strong><span dir="LTR"></span></strong> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Extended Abstract</span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cow tail (<i>Smirnovia iranica</i>) </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">is considered a valuable shrub species indigenous and adapted to the sandy lands of the Iranian central regions which besides playing an essential role in the desert cover for soil protection and of forage production, is considered important due to its great medicinal values. Considering the fact that seed germination of this plant does not easily occur due to its hard and solid seed coat, in this study, the <i>in vitro</i><b> </b>tissue culture and seedling establishment is utilized for the first time in order to surmount the obstacles laid ahead of </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cow tail </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">seed germination.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> Scratched seed, unscratched seed and seed embryo of cow tail as different explants were placed in two culture media (MS, MS with free amino acids complex) following surface sterilization, and were exposed to two photoperiod treatments (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness as well as absolute darkness) and were investigated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with six replications. Finally, germination percentage (10 days after seed culturing) and shoot length (30 days after seed germination) were evaluated.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The results indicated that significance of the effect of investigated treatment conducted over some <i>in vitro</i> on germination characteristics. It was revealed that the cultivation of seed embryo in MS culture media along with free amino acids complex for 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness photo period can be considered as the best <i>in vitro</i> germination method, </span></span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">i</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">n terms of seed germination percentage (78.83%) and germinated shoot length (44.83 mm).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">In vitro</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> culture can be used to improve</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">germination and seeding production of this species.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Highlights</span></span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></b></span></span></span> <ol> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The method for seed dormancy elimination of cow tail plant was introduced.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The seed disinfection procedure </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">for <i>in vitro</i> culture</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> of cow tail plant was introduced.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The components of <i>in vitro</i> culture medium for rapid and efficient seed germination of cow tail plant were introduced.</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ol> جنین بذر, دم گاوی, دوره نوری, کشت بافت, محیط کشت Cow tail, Culture medium, Photoperiod, Seed embryo, Tissue culture 185 194 http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/browse.php?a_code=A-10-547-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Majed Chaab ماجد چعب chaab_majed@yahoo.com 100319475328460011809 100319475328460011809 No Department of agricultural biotechnology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران شرق Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi محمد علی ابراهیمی ma_ebrahimi@pnu.ac.ir 100319475328460011810 100319475328460011810 No Department of agricultural biotechnology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران شرق Sara Ghezelbash سارا قزلباش s.ghezelbash90@yahoo.com 100319475328460011811 100319475328460011811 No Medicinal plants Research Center, Institute of medicinal plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج Nasim Zarinpanjeh نسیم زرین پنجه zarinpanjeh@imp.ac.ir 100319475328460011812 100319475328460011812 Yes Medicinal plants Research Center, Institute of medicinal plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج