Iranian Journal of Seed Research
پژوهشهای بذر ایران
Iranian J. Seed Res.
Agriculture
http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr
1
admin
2383-1251
2383-1480
8
10.61186/yujs
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1401
6
1
gregorian
2022
9
1
9
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته گیاه مادری بر کیفیت و ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) در استان گیلان
Evaluation of the effect of planting date and plant density of maternal plant on the quality and germination characteristics of Guar seed (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in Guilan province
فیزیولوژی بذر
Seed Physiology
پژوهشي
Research
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">چکیده مبسوط</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گوار </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(<i>Cyamopsis</i> <i>tetragonoloba</i> L.)</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیاهی یکساله، دولپهای و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از خانواده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بقولات میباشد که با نام لوبیای خوشهای نیز شناخته میشود. این گیاه میتواند تنش شوری و خشکی را بهخوبی تحمل کند. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته مطلوب از </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">عوامل تأثیرگذار بر کیفیت و کمیت گیاهان زراعی میباشند. </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نحوه پراکنش بوتهها در مزرعه بر جذب و بهرهوری از عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر رشد و رقابت درون و برون بوتهای تأثیر گذاشته، در نهایت از عوامل تعیینکننده </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کمیت و کیفیت </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">عملکرد میباشد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تاریخ کاشتهای مختلف با ایجاد شرایط متفاوتی از لحاظ دما، طول روز، رطوبت نسبی، تشعشع خورشیدی، زمان رسیدگی و برداشت، ویژگیهای کمی و کیفی بذر را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهند</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدف از اجرای این آزمایش </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بررسی کیفیت و همچنین، ارزیابی برخی از ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر گوار در تاریخ و تراکمهای مختلف کاشت در شرایط آب و هوایی گیلان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">میباشد. </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روشها: </span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این آزمایش</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در بهار و تابستان سال 1396 در مزرعه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحقیقاتی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤسسه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحقیقات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برنج رشت</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">واقع</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روستای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گیل پردهسر سنگر </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ا</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جرا</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل چهار تاریخ کاشت </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">۲۲</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اردیبهشت،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">۵</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خرداد،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">۱۹</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خرداد و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">۲</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تیر) و </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سه </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تراکم بوته (20</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، 40 و 60 بوته در مترمربع</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) بود. با قهوهای شدن غلافهای 75 درصد بوتههای هر کرت </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نسبت به برداشت</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بذر</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اقدام شد و صفاتی مانند درصد جوانهزنی، سرعت جوانهزنی، طول ریشهچه و ساقهچه، </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وزن تر و خشک ریشهچه و ساقهچه، </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه، وزن هزار دانه، هدایتالکتریکی، میزان فعالیت آنزیم آلفاآمیلاز بررسی شد. </span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافتهها</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که بذرهای گوار در تاریخ 5 خرداد و تراکم 40 بوته در مترمربع، دارای کیفیت بالایی بودند. در تاریخ کشت 5 خرداد بهدلیل شرایط آب و هوایی مطلوب طی دوره پر شدن بذر، سرعت جوانهزنی، درصد جوانهزنی، شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه، طول ریشهچه و وزن هزار دانه بالا بود. با تأخیر در کاشت مقدار صفات مذکور کاهش یافت. میزان هدایتالکتریکی در تاریخ کشت 2 تیر بالاترین مقدار را نشان داد. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم آلفاآمیلاز نیز در تاریخ کشت 19 خرداد مشاهده شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجهگیری: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در کل میتوان نتیجه گرفت که بهترین تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بذرهای گوار در استان گیلان با بالاترین کیفیت بذر و جوانهزنی، زمان کاشت 5 خرداد و تراکم 40 بوته در مترمربع است<b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جنبههای نوآوری: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">1- صفات جوانهزنی بذر گوار در زمان رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک ارزیابی شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">2- از لحاظ صفات جوانهزنی بذر گوار، بهترین زمان کاشت 5 خرداد و بهترین تراکم 40 بوته در مترمربع بهدست آمد. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Extended Abstract</span></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction:</span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Guar (<i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> L.) is an annual, dicotyledonous plant of the legume family, also known as cluster beans. This plant can tolerate salinity and drought stress well. Optimal planting date and plant density are factors affecting the quality and quantity of crops. The distribution of plants in the field influences the absorption and productivity of environmental factors affecting the growth and intra- and inter- competition and eventually is one of the factors determining the quantity and quality of yield. Different planting dates set off different conditions in terms of temperature day length, relative humidity, solar radiation, ripening and harvest time and thus, affect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seeds. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the quality and also to evaluate some of the germination characteristics of Guar seeds at different dates and planting densities under the climatic conditions of Guilan.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This experiment was conducted in the spring and summer of 2017 in the research farm of Rasht Rice Research Institute located in Gil Pardehsar village at Sangar as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included four planting dates (12 May, 26 May, 9 June and 23 June) and three plant densities (20, 40 and 60 plants. m<sup>-2</sup>). Seed harvesting was done as the pods in 75% of the plants in each plot turned brown and traits such as germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, longitudinal index of seedling vigor, 1000- grain weight, electrical conductivity and alpha-amylase activity were investigated.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The results of the present study showed that guar seeds had the highest quality on 26 May and a density of 40 plants.m<sup>-2</sup>. Due to favorable climatic conditions during the period of seed filling, germination rate, germination percentage, seedling vigor index, root length and 1000- grain weight was high on 26 May. The amount of these traits decreased with delay in planting. The amount of electrical conductivity in 23 June date of planting treatment showed the highest value. The highest level of alpha-amylase activity was observed on 9 June.</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusions:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> In general, it can be concluded that the best planting date and plant density of guar seeds in Guilan province with the highest quality of seeds and germination is on 26 May and 40 plants.m<sup>-2</sup>.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></b></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Highlights:</span></span></i></b></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1- Guar seed germination traits were evaluated at physiological maturity.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2- In terms of germination traits of guar seeds, the best planting date was 26 May and the best plant density was obtained at 40 per square meter </span></span></span>
آلفاآمیلاز, بنیه گیاهچه, درصد جوانهزنی, هدایتالکتریکی
Alpha-amylase, Electrical conductivity, Germination percentage, Seedling vigor
25
41
http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/browse.php?a_code=A-10-51-6&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mohaddese
Heydarzade
محدثه
حیدرزاده
m.heydarzade90@gmail.com
100319475328460011818
100319475328460011818
No
Master of Science in Seed Science and Technology, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان
Seyed Mohammadreza
Ehteshami
سید محمدرضا
احتشامی
smrehteshami@guilan.ac.ir
100319475328460011819
100319475328460011819
Yes
Assistant Professor of Agronomy, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان
Mohammad
Rabiee
محمد
ربیعی
rabiee_md@yahoo.co.uk
100319475328460011820
100319475328460011820
No
Researcher of Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran
پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران