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Effect of hydropriming and seed aging on seed germination and biochemical characteristics of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed under salt stress
Majid Ghanbari, Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy, Ali Mokhtassi Bidgoli, Parniyan Talebi-Siah Saran,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydropriming and seed aging on germination and enzymatic properties of pinto bean under salinity stress as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications. Two groups of seeds (i.e., non-aged and aged seeds), two hydropriming treatments (i.e., hydro primed and unprimed seeds) and six salinity treatments (i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m) were the experimental factors. The results showed that the highest mean time and percentage of germination, plumule length and vigor were observed in the control (i.e., distilled water) and hydropriming treatments. Maximum root length and percentage of seedling water were obtained in the control (i.e., distilled water) and aged seed treatments. In addition, in terms of radicle dry weight, the highest amount was observed in salinity of 4 dS/m and non-aged hydro primed seeds. The highest plumule dry weight was observed in salinity of 6 dS/m and allometric index in salinity of 8 dS/m for non-aged seed and aged seed without hydropriming, respectively. An increase in the levels of salinity stress and aging the seeds increased the malondialdehyde and reduced the activity of germination, mean time and germination percentage, and seedling growth. Seed hydropriming reduced the peroxidation of the cell membrane and generally improved the speed and uniformity of germination, aged and natural seeds vigor under both salinity and optimum conditions. As a result, hydropriming can increase the tolerance of bean seeds to salinity at the germination stage and increase the germination capacity of stored seeds for cultivation.
 
Highlights:
  1. The effect of hydropriming on recovering the power of seed germination of pinto bean has been studied under the salinity condition.
  2. An attempt has been made to determine the effect of hydropriming on increasing the tolerance of pinto bean seeds to storage and salinity stress condition.
  3. The effect of pinto bean storage on biochemical changes and enzyme activity has been studied in salinity stress condition.

A Study into the Effects of Salt Stress on Germination Components of Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cultivars
Ali Namvar, Raouf Seyed Sharifi, Hashem Hadi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract

In order to study the effects of different levels of salinity on germination components of wheat cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were wheat cultivars at eight levels (Saysons, Gaspard, Finkan, MV-17, Chamran, Sardari, Atila-4 and Azar-2) and six levels of salinity (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). The results indicated that salinity had significant effects on all of the traits studied (i.e., radicle length and dry weight, plumule length and dry weight, remaining seed weight after germination, seedling weight, the longest radicle and plumule, number of radicle per seed, ratio of radicle weight to plumule weight and rate, and uniformity and percentage of germination). All of these traits declined with an increase in the salinity (except the ratio of radicle weight to plumule weight, remaining seed weight after germination and seedling weight). The highest ratio of radicle weight to plumule weight, remaining seed weight after germination and seedling weight were recorded in the salinity of 200 mM NaCl. The cultivars showed significant effects on all of the traits studied (except remaining seed weight after germination and seedling weight). Chamran cultivar showed the highest number of radicle per seed, the ratio of radicle weight to plumule weight, rate and percentage of germination. The highest radicle length and the longest radicle were obtained from the Sardari cultivar while in Azar-2 cultivar it was vice versa in plumule. Atila-4 cultivar showed the highest radicle and plumule weight. It seems that compared with other cultivars, out of the cultivars studied, Chamran, Azar-2, Sardari and Atila-4 were more resistant to salinity stress.

 
 Highlights:

  1. Introduction of wheat cultivars with more tolerance to salinity conditions at germination stage.
  2. Study of eight different wheat cultivars in terms of germination indices under salinity stress conditions.

Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance in allotetraploid Cotton (Gossypium sp.) Genotypes, Using Multivariate Statistical Methods and Stress Tolerance Indices at Germination Stage
Nafise Taghizadeh, Gholamali Ranjbar, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Mohammadreza Ramzanimoghdam,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural production. Cotton, as an oil-fiber plant, is one of the most important industrial plants and is sensitive to salinity, especially at germination and seedling stages. Therefore, in this study, 14 allotetraploid varieties of commercial and local cotton were selected. The study was carried out as factorial with a completely randomized design and three three replications, using the sandwich method. Germination tests were performed at three salinity levels of 0, 8 and 16 ds.m-1. Afterwards, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, germination percentage, allometric coefficient, seedling water percentage and seed vigor index were measured and stress tolerance indices were calculated based on yield (seedling dry weight) in stress and non-stress conditions. Given these indices, all cultivars were aalyzed at two levels of 8 and 16ds.m-1, using principal component analysis and biplot diagrams were drawn. Finally, the dendrogram classification of genotypes was plotted based on STI indices (stress tolerance index), SSI (stress susceptibility index), and the performance (dry weight plantlet) in stress and non-stress conditions. The result of variance analysis for genotype, salinity and salinity×genotype demonstrated that dry weight root, dry weight shoot, fresh weight root, stem length, vigor index seedling, allometric coefficient, dry weight seedling, and length seedling were significant in p-value 0.01, and fresh weight shoot, length root were significant in p-value 0.05. Clustering and the biplot of the genotypes based on STI and SSI indices at salinity levels of 8 and 16 ds.m-1 indicated that the Sepid and Giza genotypes were tolerant and that the Kashmar genotype was sensitive to salt levels at germination stage.
  
Highlights:
  1. The reaction of the cotton cultivars studied was different to levels of salinity stress.
  2. An increase in salt stress caused a significant reduction in the germination characteristics of cultivars of cotton studied.
  3. Bi-plot analysis and clustering based on STI and SSI indices turned out to be a suitable method for clustering cotton cultivars.

Salinity stress tolerance in Iranian spring wheat cultivars during germination
Ronak Talebi Qormik, Hadi Alipour, Reza Darvishzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (9-2024)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: The germination stage in plants, including wheat, is a susceptible stage to biotic and abiotic stresses. Establishing the plant in the early stages of growth, especially in the germination stage, is always very important. Salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that cause much damage yearly, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, the identification and use of tolerant cultivars to salinity stress is one of the effective ways to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the response of 64 spring wheat cultivars at the germination stage in two levels of salinity stress (zero as a control and 12 dS/m of sodium chloride) with two replications was investigated in the form of a simple lattice design in the Genetics Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University. During seven days, the characteristics of germination percentage, germination index, germination rate, germination energy, seedling vigor, mean germination time, and mean germination rate, and after the seventh day the characteristics of seedling length, shoot length, root length, ratio of shoot length to root length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight were measured.
Results: Among the studied cultivars, in terms of all traits including radicle length, shoot length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, radicle to shoot length ratio, germination index, germination rate, germination energy, germination percentage, seedling vigor, mean germination time, and mean germination rate a statistically significant difference was observed at the probability level of 1%. Based on the results of factor analysis, in both normal conditions and salinity stress, the studied traits were grouped into four main factors, and these four factors explained 92.74% of the changes in normal conditions and 93.85% in salinity stress conditions. Using cluster analysis, cultivars were grouped into three and two clusters under normal and salinity stress conditions, respectively.
Conclusions: Based on the results of bi-plot and cluster analysis, the cultivars Moghan 2, Bistun, Akbari, Moghan 3, Dastjardi, Marvdasht, Gahar, and Mahdavi are the preferred cultivars and the cultivars Darya, Bam, Tajan, Sistan, Frontana, Kavir, and Afogh were introduced as undesirable cultivars in terms of traits measured in this experiment, which can be used in breeding projects.

Highlights:
  1. A large number of spring wheat cultivars have been investigated in relation to salinity tolerance.
  2. Mahdavi, Dastjardi, Bistun, Akbari, Moghan 2, Moghan 3, Gahar, and Marvdasht cultivars were identified as tolerant to salinity stress in the germination stage.

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