In order to study of drought stress and normal irrigation effect on seed germination and seedling vigor of 10 oilseed rape spring genotypes, RGS003, Sarigol, Option 500, RGS006, 19_H, ORS3150-3006, ORS3150-3008, RG4403, RG405/03 and RGAS0324, an experiment was conducted as factorial, based on a completely randomized design with four replications, in the seed analysis laboratory of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institution at Karaj during 2013. Results indicated that RG4403 genotype by 3.498 gr. and RGS006 genotype by 3.082 gr had the highest and lowest one thousand seeds weight respectively. Seeds of Sarigol, Option500 and RGS006 genotype, respectively, by normal irrigation and drought stress, had the most primary root, shoot and seedling length and seeds of ORS3150-3008 and RGAS0324 genotypes by normal irrigation respectively had the most primary root and seedling and primary shoot and seedling dry weight. Seeds of Sarigol and RGAS0324 genotypes by normal irrigation had the highest final germination percent. The highest mean germination time, the coefficient of the velocity of germination and mean daily germination, also respectively belonged to seeds of RGS003genotype by drought stress and19-H and RGAS0324 genotypes by normal irrigation. Besides, Sarigol and RGAS0324 had the most length and weight vigor indices. Generally, results showed that drought stress at flowering and maturity duration caused a decrease in seed quality of studied genotypes, but under what conditions, some genotypes like RGS006, 19-H and ORS3150-3006 seed had relatively optimum germination quality and seedling vigor traits.
In order to evaluate the effect of seed moisture content at harvesting time and drying temperature on soybean seed germination characteristics, an experiment was conducted as factorial (2×3×2) based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in Karaj and Moghan areas. The first factor was cultivar with two levels (Williams and L17), the second factor was seed moisture content with three levels (15, 20 and 25%) and the third factor was drying temperature with two levels (30 and 45 °C). Results show that the germination percentage of producing seeds in Karaj (81.3%) were higher than Moghan area (77.4%). The difference between the germination percentage of dried seeds at 30 and 45◦C with initial seed moisture content of 15% was about 5.5%, while this difference for seeds with 25% initial moisture content was about 18.5%. There was no significant difference between seedling vigor index of seeds with 15% moisture content of two cultivars that have been produced in Karaj, but at 20% moisture content, the seedling vigor index in Williams cultivar (139.7) was higher than L17 cultivar (107.3). The highest (51.42 µsm cm-1 g-1) electrical conductivity of seed leakage soluble was obtained from the L17 cultivar with 25% moisture content and 45◦C and the lowest (28.46 42 µsm cm-1 g-1) rate of it was observed in Williams cultivar with 20% moisture content and 30◦C. According to these results, we must harvest and dry soybean seeds at 30◦C when its moisture content reached under 20%.
This experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications at two locations: Agricultural and natural resource center of Ardebil province (Moghan) and seed and plant certification and registration institute of Karaj in 2013. The treatments included: planting date in three levels (10-May, 25-May and 9-Jun), seed moisture content at harvest time in four levels (30%, 25, 20 and 15) and seed size in three levels (flat, round and medium). The measured traits were a standard germination test, mean time of germination, seedling weight and length vigor index, germination percent in radical emergence test and germination percent in cold test. The results illustrated that delayed planting caused reduction of seed quality and this reduction was more obvious in delayed harvest (15%), also the reduction rate in round seeds was more than flattered and medium seeds. The minimum percentage of germination and vigor were seen in round seeds of third planting date and moisture harvest by 15%. So it is recommended for corn seed production to sow the seeds before the last week of May and when seed moisture content reached 30 percent, cob harvesting should be started and the harvest not is delayed.
In order to assess seed deterioration of soybean at Ardebil province, this study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in 2014. The treatments consisted of germination ability, seed moisture content and seed storing conditions. Germination ability treatment was concluded of three germination levels: 80%, 85% and 90%. Also, three rates of seed moisture content including 10%, 12% and 14%; and two seed storing conditions including seed storage of Moghan and controlled storage were considered as second and third treatments. The results indicated that seed quality significantly reduced by increasing the seed moisture content up to 14% and this moisture content was determined as inappropriate moisture for soybean seed storage. Seeds with high moisture content showed significantly lower normal seedlings percent, germination rate and seedling vigor indices. However, there was no significant difference between 12% and 10% seed moisture contents, so it can be concluded that 12% seed moisture content is proper moisture for soybean seed storage. According to the results, enhancement of seed moisture content more than 12% will result in more accelerated deterioration of soybean seed, in a way that seeds with higher moisture content, especially at inappropriate seed storage conditions will lose their quality and will cause yield reduction at field due to low plant density aroused from inadequate seedling emergence.
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