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Volume 2, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2015)
Seeds of seven species of medicinal plants collected from the natural habitat in Lorestan province in summer 2011. Germination test carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds in H2O. Species of Smyrnium cordifrolium, Kelussia odoratissima, Dorema aucheri and Ferulago angulata had no germination while Heracleum persicum, Bunium luristanicum and Falcaria vulgaris showed germination of 30, 96 and 97% respectively. Different treatments of breaking dormancy applied to the species with germination below 30% [moist-chilling for periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, with two concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm of gibberellic acid, a combination treatment (gibberellic 250 ppm + 4 weeks moist-chilling and gibberellic acid 500 ppm + moist-chilling for 4 weeks) and potassium nitrate 2 g/l]. The results showed that moist-chilling was the most effective treatments to break seed dormancy of Heracleum persicum (6 weeks), Dorema aucheri (12 weeks), Kelussia odoratissima (12 weeks) and Ferulago angulata (12 weeks). Therefore, based on their reactions to the treatments, dormancy of Kelussia odoratissima and Ferulago angulata could be classified as deep physiological dormancy and species of Dorema aucheri and Heracleum persicum intermediate physiological dormancy type.
Volume 3, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2016)
The need to identifying seeds with low vigor and poor emergence led to introduce of various seed vigor tests. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the ability of controlled deterioration test for evaluation of seed vigor and prediction of oilseed rape seed lots emergence in the field. Samples of 19 seed lots were obtained from nineteen farmers of Razavi and Northern Khorasan Provinces, which have been cultivated during 2009-2010 growth season, set to physiological germination test before and after controlled deterioration (CD). The estimating of seedling emergence percentage of each seed lot in the field calculated 30 days after sowing. The correlation between laboratory results before and after CD of seeds and field emergence showed that correlation of final germination, normal seedlings and mean germination time before CD with emergence in the field respectively with 0.072, 0.24 and 0.042 correlation coefficient, were not significant, but laboratory results after CD had significant correlation with emergence of seed lots in the field. As, final germination, normal seedlings and mean germination time respectively with 0.57, 0.51 and 0.49 correlation coefficient predict emergence percentage of seed lots in the field. The high correlation between laboratory results after controlled deteriorated test with the seedling emergence in the field indicated that the CD test is able to assess the field emergence of oilseed rape seed lots before sowing.
Volume 3, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2016)
In order to study the responses of redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium L.) seed germination to temperature levels, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications and twelve levels of temperature (0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 0C). Results showed that the effect of treatments on germination properties of redstem was significant, so the highest percentage of germination was achieved at 150C and reduced with increasing temperature and was totally inhibited at 40ºC. Based on a linear regression between germination rate and temperature, the cardinal temperatures: minimum (Tmin), optimum (To) and maximum (Tmax) were determined: 0, 15.20 and 37.18 ºC, respectively. A significant difference was not observed in plumule length at a range of 5-30°C that showed that it is less sensitive to temperature in comparison with root length. Highest wet-dry weight was achieved at 20 °C that was not different by 10, 12 and 20°C. Above results suggest that redstem failure could grow in a wide range of growing conditions, but prefers temperate zones. The results of this study are important to understanding thermal requirements and improvement of management strategies of redstem filaree.
Volume 3, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2017)
In order to study the seed germination behavior and dormancy breaking methods of three weed species (i.e., Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Setariaviridis) of pistachio orchards in Rafsanjan, Iran, three separate factorial experiments (with 2 factors) were conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications, at the Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2014. Weed seeds were collected from five different regions of Rafsanjan, such as Markazi, Anar, Koshkoiyeh, Kabotarkhan and Nogh. Dormancy breaking treatments for Chenopodium album involved distilled water (control), KNO3 (at 500 and 1000 ppm), chemical scarification by sulfuric acid (for 5 and 10 min), and cold stratification (for 1, 3 and 5 weeks). Treatments for Convolvulus arvensis involved distilled water (control), scarification by sandpaper, chemical scarification by sulfuric acid (20 and 30 min), and boiling water (for 15 and 30 min). Treatments for Setaria viridis involved distilled water (control), gibberellic acid (250, 500 and 1000 ppm), KNO3 (500 and 1000 ppm), and cold stratification (for 1, 3 and 5 weeks). The results showed that seed germination percentage (SGP) and mean germination time (MGT) of three weed species were significantly different among weed populations and dormancy breaking methods. For Chenopodium album, cold stratification of 5 weeks resulted in highest SGP (97%) in Nogh population. For Convolvulus arvensis and Setaria viridis, the highest SGP was obtained after scarification by sandpaper (98% in Kabotarkhan population) and using 1000 ppm gibberellic acid (60% in Kabotarkhan population), respectively. In addition, increasing the weight of 1000 seeds in the three weed species in question increased SGP.
Volume 4, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2018)
To study the effect of production region and seed size on germination indices and heterotrophic growth components of peanut seedling, a study was performed in three peanut fields in Astaneh Ashrafieh and Agronomy Laboratory of Rasht Islamic Azad University from 2010 to 2012. This research was carried out using the standard germination, cold and accelerated aging tests. Tests were performed using factorial experiment with a completely randomized block design in 3 replications. The first factor was seed production region in 3 levels (Noghredeh, Amshal and Bandar-Kiyashahr) and the second factor was seed weight in 3 levels [large, medium and small]. The results indicated that the effect of production region on the germination speed (p<0.01) and coefficient of uniformity of germination (p<0.05) was significant so that the maximum means (6.17 and 18.11 day-1, respectively) were achieved in seeds produced in Amshal. The effect of the interaction of the region and seed size on the mean germination speed was significant so that the maximum mean (282.22) was achieved in large seeds produced in Amshal. The effect of production region on the seed reserve use rate was significant in standard germination (p<0.01) and cold tests (p<0.05). The effect of seed size on the seed reserve use rate and seed use reserve fraction were significant (P<0.01) in all the three germination tests. The maximum amount of seed reserve use rate was achieved in seeds produced in the Amshal region (in standard and cold tests with averages of 0.562 and 0.440, respectively). In addition, the maximum amount of seed reserve use rate was achieved in large seeds (with averages of 0.541, 0.470 and 0.277 mg per seed in standard, cold and aging tests, respectively). The maximum seed use reserve fraction was achieved in small seeds (with averages of 1.371, 1.310 and 1.664 in standard, cold and aging tests, respectively).
Highlights:
- Peanut seed germination tests were performed based on seed production regions and seed sizes.
- Three different vigour tests (standard, aging, cold) were used to identify higher quality seeds.
- Germination indices indicated high quality in large seeds produced in different environmental conditions.
- Large seeds had the maximum seed reserve use rate and minimum seed use reserve fraction at the germination stage of peanuts.
Volume 5, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2018)
Extended abstract
Highlights:
- The effect of magnetic field on germination of multipurpose seed of Niger plant.
- The effect of drought stress on germination of multipurpose seed of Niger plant, given Iran’s being located in dry belt.
- The positive effect of magnetic field on germination of Niger seed to improve the negative effects of drought stress.
Volume 7, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2020)
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Plants release much of bioactive chemicals from different parts such as leaves, stems and roots through different mechanisms to their surrounding environement. These biologically active chemicals are often referred to as "allelochemicals". Allelopathic compounds play a major role in reducing germination and the growth of crops.
Materials and methods: In this study, the effect of leaching on the reduction of phytotoxicity effect of soybean, black cumin, dragonhead and dill was investigated on the emergence and early growth of canola (Brassica napus L.). The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in 2016. Treatments included four previous crop residue (soybean, black cumin, dragonhead, and dill), and three levels of leaching (without leaching, one-time leaching, and two-times leaching). The leaching-free treatment (control) was sub-irrigated to maintain the uniformity of environment moisture. Five days after the first leaching, the two leaching treatment was irrigated again. Five days after the second leaching, when the soil moisture was suitable for seed planting, 10 seeds of canola were cultivated in each pot at a depth of 3 cm of soil. After three weeks seedlings of canola were removed from the pot and the traits were measured.
Results: The results showed that the growth characteristics of canola, except root length, were affected by the residues of the previous crop. In non-leaching conditions, the residue of the four plants reduced the rate and amount of canola emergence, and the greatest reduction in canola emergence was recorded for the application of black cumin residue (7.5%). In the leaching conditions, the length of canola leaves increased, which was higher in the twice leaching treatment. This trend shows that as the amount of leaching frequency increased, it is highly likely that more inhibitiing materials leave the soil and conditions become suitable for canola germination and growth.. The highest dry weight of canola root was observed in one-time leaching treatment. The dry weight of canola leaf grown in dill and soybean residues was increased as a result of one-time leaching, whereas the dry weight of canola grown in black cumin and dragonhead residues showed a higher increase in two-times leaching. Results show that four studied plants have canola growth inhibiting compounds and leaching can ameliorate this effect. The response of canola in the soil containing black cumin and dragonhead residues is higher in two-times leaching, and in the soil containing plant residues dill, one-time leaching is sufficient. In soils containing soybean residue, the response index was almost similar in case of one and two-times leaching.
Conclusion: Generally, the results showed that the application of leaching before planting canola reduced the inhibitory effects of plant residue on germination and growth of canola. Therefore, it is suggested that in the agricultural ecosystems in which canola is present in crop rotation, cultivation of canola must be avoided in presence of soybean, black cumin, dragonhead, and dill residue to eliminate their inhibitory effects on canola growth. In areas with water restriction, autumn rainfall can act as leaching and reduce the effect of allelopathic compounds. In case leaching is not possible, cultivation of canola inside the residue of these plants must be avoided.
Highlights:
1-Leaching can reduce the effect of allelopathic compounds.
2- Allelopathic compounds of some plants such as black cumin showed better response to two-times leaching.
Volume 8, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Introduction: Today, seed priming is widely used to improve seed germination in a wide range of plant species. As a result of seed pre-treatment, several molecular and biochemical changes occur, including increased macromolecule synthesis, enzyme activity and formation of different metabolites. Enzymatic and metabolic activities, synthesis of proteins in quantitative and qualitative terms, and respiratory activities and, the formation of ATP for the synthesis of macromolecules, membranes, and materials required for the cell wall are increased during and after seed preparation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seed priming using some hormonal and nutritional treatments as well as the type of culture medium on germination characteristics and quality of Karun tomato seedlings.
Materials and Methods: Two separate experiments were performed in two laboratory and pot stages in a completely randomized design with three replications. In the first experiment, the treatment used included seed priming at six levels (distilled water, 0.2 mM salicylic acid, 0.2 mM putrescine, 1.5% humic acid, 0.03% zinc sulfate, and 0.2 mM potassium nitrate). In the second experiment, the treatments used included the culture media type at six levels (coco peat, perlite, peat moss, 50% cocopeat + 50% perlite, 50% coco peat + 50% peat moss and 50% perlite + 50% peat-moss).
Results: Analysis of variance showed that the effect of different levels of seed priming on seed germination percentage and root length was significant. The highest germination percentage was obtained six days after cultivation in salicylic acid treatment and was equal to 97.1%. The highest shoot dry weight in peat moss treatment was 1.7 g and the lowest shoot dry weight in perlite treatment was 0.3 g. The use of peat moss treatment in comparison with coco peat increased seedling length by 31.3%.
Conclusion: Application of 0.2 mM salicylic acid, putrescine and humic acid improved seed germination compared with zinc sulfate and potassium nitrate. Also, application of peat moss and combined peat moss treatments in comparison with coco peat and perlite, increased the dry weight of roots and shoots of the plant as well as increasing the absorption of various elements.
1- Germination percentage and rate of tomato var. Karun significantly increased by salicylic acid and putrescine application (Karun cultivar)
2- Peat mass is the best culture medium for the commercial production of tomato seedlings var. Karun
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Seed Science and Technology, Seed Physiology, Seed Ecology, Modeling, Seed Health, Germination Characteristics, Seed Dormancy, Seed Ageing, Seed Storage, Seed PrimingVote
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