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Effect of Chitosan on Germination Indices and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Safflower cv. Goldasht (Carthamus tinctorius) Under Salinity Stress
Haniyeh Saadat, Mohammad Sedghi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (9-2025)
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan on germination indicators and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in safflower seedlings under salinity stress.
Method: The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2024. The experimental treatments included four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) and four concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5% w/v), which were dissolved in 1% acetic acid.
Results: The results showed that salinity stress reduced the germination rate, radicle length, plumule length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. However, priming with different concentrations of chitosan, especially at 0.5%, improved these traits. The highest daily germination rate (0.114) was observed in the control group (distilled water priming) under 150 mM salinity. The activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in the control under 150 mM salinity increased by approximately 43% and 70%, respectively, compared to the 0.5% chitosan treatment under non-saline conditions. Similarly, the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme in the 0.5% chitosan treatment under 150 mM salinity increased by about 67% compared to the control under non-saline conditions. Furthermore, the ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity in seeds primed with 0.5% chitosan increased by 37% compared to the control (distilled water priming).
Conclusions: The results indicated that seed treatment with different concentrations of chitosan can mitigate the harmful effects of salinity on some traits of safflower seedlings and improve seedling growth. The best results were achieved when 0.5% chitosan was used under salinity conditions.

Highlights

  • Safflower seed priming using 0.5% chitosan improved the germination indices of safflower seeds under salinity stress.
  • Safflower seed priming with 0.5% chitosan increased the activity of the superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes.
  • Priming with chitosan had a better effect on the germination indices and biochemical characteristics of safflower seeds compared to the control.

Impact of Hydropriming and Seed Coating with Humic Acid and Biostimulants on Germination and Establishment of Sweet Corn cv. 'Amyla'
Hamid Zolghadri, Salim Farzaneh, Mohammad Ahmadi, Raouf Sayed Sharifi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (9-2025)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroprime and seed coating with humic acid, and biological compounds on the germination and emergence of the sweet corn cultivar 'Amyla'.
Method: The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and four replications under field conditions in 2018. The study was carried out at Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the experimental fields of the National Agro-Industrial Company of Moghan. The fourteen treatments consisted of seed coating with different amounts of amino acid fertilizer (2, 4, and 6 g kg-1 of seed), seaweed extract (3, 6, and 9 g kg-1 of seed), humic acid (3, 6, and 9 g kg-1 of seed), hydroprime + humic acid, hydroprime + seaweed extract, hydroprime + amino acid, hydroprime alone, and an uncoated control. A 3% carboxymethylcellulose solution was used as an adhesive for the seed coating.
Results: Seed coating with humic acid and hydroprime significantly improved the germination and emergence percentages of the 'Amyla' sweet corn seeds under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. The best results were obtained with the hydroprime and humic acid (6 g kg-1) treatments, which showed the highest germination percentage (98.66%) and emergence percentage (93.33%). The germination and emergence rates also increased significantly in these treatments. Contrary to expectations, seaweed extract negatively affected the germination and emergence of the sweet corn seeds. These results indicate that using seaweed extract as a seed coating may not be suitable for all corn cultivars. The 3% carboxymethylcellulose adhesive used for coating had no adverse effect on seed germination and emergence; in some cases, it even slightly improved the results.
Conclusions: This research clearly demonstrates that coating 'Amyla' sweet corn seeds with humic acid (6 g kg-1) and hydroprime is not only a practical solution for improving germination and seedling establishment but also, as a sustainable technology, can help address challenges in modern agriculture.

Highlights
  • The effects of hydropriming and seed coating with humic acid, amino acid fertilizer, and seaweed extract on germination and emergence of 'Amyla' sweet corn cultivar were evaluated.
  • The combination of hydropriming and humic acid coating (6 g kg⁻¹) was an optimal strategy for enhancing germination and seedling establishment of 'Amyla' sweet corn cultivar.

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