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Meysam Miri, Mohammdreza Amerian, Mohsen Edalat, Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi, Hasan Makarian,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Germination is considered the first and most important stage of establishment and consequently, successful competition which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors influencing the germination, temperature and light are the most important ones. Using different models, the germination response of seeds to temperature can be quantified; therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of temperature on germination and to quantify the germination response of Buckwheat seed (Fagopyrum esculentum Moenc) to temperature using nonlinear regression models and thermal-time model.
Materials and methods: The seeds were germinated in 4 replications of 25 seeds under 8 constant temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C). Using a three-parameter logistic model, Buckwheat seed germination was quantified at different temperature levels and the percentage and time to reach 50% germination were obtained. Four nonlinear regression models and a thermal-time model were used to quantify the response of Buckwheat seed germination rate to temperature. To compare the models and determine the most appropriate model, the root mean square error index (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error (SE) were used for the observed germination rate versus the predicted germination rate.
Results: The results indicated that temperature affected the seedling length, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor and the germination rate as well as germination percentage. Also, the results showed that germination characteristics increased with increasing temperature up to 20 and 25 °C. Comparison of the three models based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of germination time, the coefficient of determination (R2), CV and SE, the best model to determine the cardinal temperatures of Fagopyrum esculentum was the dent-like model. The results of thermal-time model showed that the base temperature of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds was 4.01 ° C and the thermal-time coefficient was 1242.6 h° C.
Conclusion: Utilization of non-linear regression models (segmented, dent-like and beta) and thermal-time model to quantify the germination response of Fagopyrum esculentum response to different temperatures led to acceptable results. Therefore, germination rate and percentage may be predicted using the outputs of these models at different temperatures.
Highlights:
Introduction: Germination is considered the first and most important stage of establishment and consequently, successful competition which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors influencing the germination, temperature and light are the most important ones. Using different models, the germination response of seeds to temperature can be quantified; therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of temperature on germination and to quantify the germination response of Buckwheat seed (Fagopyrum esculentum Moenc) to temperature using nonlinear regression models and thermal-time model.
Materials and methods: The seeds were germinated in 4 replications of 25 seeds under 8 constant temperature treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C). Using a three-parameter logistic model, Buckwheat seed germination was quantified at different temperature levels and the percentage and time to reach 50% germination were obtained. Four nonlinear regression models and a thermal-time model were used to quantify the response of Buckwheat seed germination rate to temperature. To compare the models and determine the most appropriate model, the root mean square error index (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error (SE) were used for the observed germination rate versus the predicted germination rate.
Results: The results indicated that temperature affected the seedling length, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor and the germination rate as well as germination percentage. Also, the results showed that germination characteristics increased with increasing temperature up to 20 and 25 °C. Comparison of the three models based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of germination time, the coefficient of determination (R2), CV and SE, the best model to determine the cardinal temperatures of Fagopyrum esculentum was the dent-like model. The results of thermal-time model showed that the base temperature of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds was 4.01 ° C and the thermal-time coefficient was 1242.6 h° C.
Conclusion: Utilization of non-linear regression models (segmented, dent-like and beta) and thermal-time model to quantify the germination response of Fagopyrum esculentum response to different temperatures led to acceptable results. Therefore, germination rate and percentage may be predicted using the outputs of these models at different temperatures.
Highlights:
- The best temperature for Fagopyrum esculentum Moenc. seed germination is 20-25 Celsius.
- The dent-like model was determined the most appropriate model for estimating the cardinal temperatures of Buckwheat.
Mohaddese Heydarzade, Seyed Mohammadreza Ehteshami, Mohammad Rabiee,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is an annual, dicotyledonous plant of the legume family, also known as cluster beans. This plant can tolerate salinity and drought stress well. Optimal planting date and plant density are factors affecting the quality and quantity of crops. The distribution of plants in the field influences the absorption and productivity of environmental factors affecting the growth and intra- and inter- competition and eventually is one of the factors determining the quantity and quality of yield. Different planting dates set off different conditions in terms of temperature day length, relative humidity, solar radiation, ripening and harvest time and thus, affect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seeds. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the quality and also to evaluate some of the germination characteristics of Guar seeds at different dates and planting densities under the climatic conditions of Guilan.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in the spring and summer of 2017 in the research farm of Rasht Rice Research Institute located in Gil Pardehsar village at Sangar as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included four planting dates (12 May, 26 May, 9 June and 23 June) and three plant densities (20, 40 and 60 plants. m-2). Seed harvesting was done as the pods in 75% of the plants in each plot turned brown and traits such as germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, longitudinal index of seedling vigor, 1000- grain weight, electrical conductivity and alpha-amylase activity were investigated.
Results: The results of the present study showed that guar seeds had the highest quality on 26 May and a density of 40 plants.m-2. Due to favorable climatic conditions during the period of seed filling, germination rate, germination percentage, seedling vigor index, root length and 1000- grain weight was high on 26 May. The amount of these traits decreased with delay in planting. The amount of electrical conductivity in 23 June date of planting treatment showed the highest value. The highest level of alpha-amylase activity was observed on 9 June.
Conclusions: In general, it can be concluded that the best planting date and plant density of guar seeds in Guilan province with the highest quality of seeds and germination is on 26 May and 40 plants.m-2.
Highlights:
1- Guar seed germination traits were evaluated at physiological maturity.
2- In terms of germination traits of guar seeds, the best planting date was 26 May and the best plant density was obtained at 40 per square meter
Mohammadreza Labbafi, Hamideh Khalaj, Maryam Delfani, Nasrin Qavami,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Lavandula angustifolia L. is one of the most important plants belonging to Lamiaceae which has abundant use in traditional and pharmacological medicine. Lavender seed dormancy is one of the problems in producing seedlings which increases seed consumption. In this regard, an experiment was carried out to investigate different treatments for seed dormancy elimination of Lavender and measuring germination and growth indices.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Karaj Institute of Medicinal Plants in 2018. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments on seed dormancy elimination. The treatments included the control, hormonal treatments (Gibberellic acid with 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l concentrations) and Prechilling treatments (7, 14 and 21 days of refrigeration). The integrated treatments were 7 days refrigeration + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid, 14 days refrigeration + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid, 7 days refrigeration + 1000 mg/l gibberellic acid, 14 days refrigeration + 1000 mg/l gibberellic acid, 30 minutes at 40 ° C water + 14 days refrigeration, and 30 minutes at water 40 degrees +14 days refrigeration + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid.
Results: The results showed that the highest germination percentage (70.67%), germination rate (24.26%) and germination index (246) were achieved in 750 mg/l Gibberellic acid, and the highest epicotyl length (5.09 cm), seedling length (6.23 cm) and seedling fresh weight (0.57 gr) were produced with 500 mg/l Gibberellic acid. Also, the lowest mean germination time (MGT) (4.12s day) was obtained in 1000 mg/l Gibberellic acid treatment. Also, 7 days of refrigeration + gibberellic acid at 500 mg/l treatment had no significant difference with the other concentrations of gibberellin treatments. Therefore, low gibberellin concentration with 7 days of prechilling had the same effect as higher gibberellic acid concentrations. In addition, 14 days of refrigeration + 1000 mg/l gibberellic acid treatment and treatment of 30 min in water at 40 ° C +14 days prechilling + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid produced the lowest shoot (0.78, 0.82 cm), seedling height (0.99, 1.04 cm) and fresh weight (0.013, 0.01 gr) that showed the negative effects of increased prechilling time and water at 40 ° C,
Conclusion: It was finally found that the lavender seed dormancy type is physiologically non-deep and moderate and Gibberellic acid is a suitable substitute for prechilling. The best treatment was gibberellic acid with a concentration of 750 mg/l to break the dormancy of lavender seeds.
Highlights:
Introduction: Lavandula angustifolia L. is one of the most important plants belonging to Lamiaceae which has abundant use in traditional and pharmacological medicine. Lavender seed dormancy is one of the problems in producing seedlings which increases seed consumption. In this regard, an experiment was carried out to investigate different treatments for seed dormancy elimination of Lavender and measuring germination and growth indices.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Karaj Institute of Medicinal Plants in 2018. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments on seed dormancy elimination. The treatments included the control, hormonal treatments (Gibberellic acid with 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l concentrations) and Prechilling treatments (7, 14 and 21 days of refrigeration). The integrated treatments were 7 days refrigeration + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid, 14 days refrigeration + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid, 7 days refrigeration + 1000 mg/l gibberellic acid, 14 days refrigeration + 1000 mg/l gibberellic acid, 30 minutes at 40 ° C water + 14 days refrigeration, and 30 minutes at water 40 degrees +14 days refrigeration + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid.
Results: The results showed that the highest germination percentage (70.67%), germination rate (24.26%) and germination index (246) were achieved in 750 mg/l Gibberellic acid, and the highest epicotyl length (5.09 cm), seedling length (6.23 cm) and seedling fresh weight (0.57 gr) were produced with 500 mg/l Gibberellic acid. Also, the lowest mean germination time (MGT) (4.12s day) was obtained in 1000 mg/l Gibberellic acid treatment. Also, 7 days of refrigeration + gibberellic acid at 500 mg/l treatment had no significant difference with the other concentrations of gibberellin treatments. Therefore, low gibberellin concentration with 7 days of prechilling had the same effect as higher gibberellic acid concentrations. In addition, 14 days of refrigeration + 1000 mg/l gibberellic acid treatment and treatment of 30 min in water at 40 ° C +14 days prechilling + 500 mg/l gibberellic acid produced the lowest shoot (0.78, 0.82 cm), seedling height (0.99, 1.04 cm) and fresh weight (0.013, 0.01 gr) that showed the negative effects of increased prechilling time and water at 40 ° C,
Conclusion: It was finally found that the lavender seed dormancy type is physiologically non-deep and moderate and Gibberellic acid is a suitable substitute for prechilling. The best treatment was gibberellic acid with a concentration of 750 mg/l to break the dormancy of lavender seeds.
Highlights:
- Gibberellic acid is a good substitute for prechilling in seed dormancy elimination of lavender.
- Breaking the dormancy of the lavender seeds is necessary for producing seedlings from the seeds of this plant.
Roya Ghorbani, Ali Movafeghi, Ali Ganjeali, Jafar Nabati,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Drought stress, as abiotic and multidimensional stress, has severe effects on plant growth. One of the new approaches in the management of drought stress is the use of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles infilterate the seeds and increase nutrient and water uptake and ultimately, improve germination. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on chickpea plant germination factors to modify the negative effects of drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications on chickpea seeds of Arman cultivar in the Plant Sciences Research Institute of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019. Seeds were primed with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 titanium dioxide for 24 hours. The seeds were cultured in sterilized Petri dishes. Drought stress was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000 with 0, -2, -4 and -8 bar osmotic potentials.
Results: The analysis of variance results showed that the interaction effect of drought stress and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was significant on germination rate, the number of normal seedlings, seed vigor index, germination index, length of seedling, radicle length, and radicle dry weight. All germination traits were inhibited as a result of drought stress. On the other hand, the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles partially decreased this inhibition in some traits. Germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor index, germination index, epicotyl length, radicle length and radicle dry weight decreased as a result of stress.
Conclusion: At all drought stress levels, the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg L-1 significantly improved traits such as germination percentage, seed vigor index, epicotyl length, and epicotyl dry weight. It seems that nanoparticles can stimulate cell activity and increase the transformation of reserves to translocatable material and consequently, improve germination characteristics. Thus, the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to a concentration of 20 mg L-1 can partially reduce the negative effects of drought stress on the germination characteristics of chickpeas.
Highlights:
1- Germination percentage and seed vigor index of chickpea increased with the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg l-1 at all drought stress levels.
2- The radicle length and dry weight of chickpea increased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
3- The negative effects of drought stress on chickpea seed germination decreased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Introduction: Drought stress, as abiotic and multidimensional stress, has severe effects on plant growth. One of the new approaches in the management of drought stress is the use of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles infilterate the seeds and increase nutrient and water uptake and ultimately, improve germination. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on chickpea plant germination factors to modify the negative effects of drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications on chickpea seeds of Arman cultivar in the Plant Sciences Research Institute of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019. Seeds were primed with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 titanium dioxide for 24 hours. The seeds were cultured in sterilized Petri dishes. Drought stress was applied using polyethylene glycol 6000 with 0, -2, -4 and -8 bar osmotic potentials.
Results: The analysis of variance results showed that the interaction effect of drought stress and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was significant on germination rate, the number of normal seedlings, seed vigor index, germination index, length of seedling, radicle length, and radicle dry weight. All germination traits were inhibited as a result of drought stress. On the other hand, the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles partially decreased this inhibition in some traits. Germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling percentage, seed vigor index, germination index, epicotyl length, radicle length and radicle dry weight decreased as a result of stress.
Conclusion: At all drought stress levels, the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg L-1 significantly improved traits such as germination percentage, seed vigor index, epicotyl length, and epicotyl dry weight. It seems that nanoparticles can stimulate cell activity and increase the transformation of reserves to translocatable material and consequently, improve germination characteristics. Thus, the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to a concentration of 20 mg L-1 can partially reduce the negative effects of drought stress on the germination characteristics of chickpeas.
Highlights:
1- Germination percentage and seed vigor index of chickpea increased with the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles up to 20 mg l-1 at all drought stress levels.
2- The radicle length and dry weight of chickpea increased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
3- The negative effects of drought stress on chickpea seed germination decreased by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Farhad Ghasemi Aghbash, Iman Pazhouhan, Zahra Rostami,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Iranian oak has the largest forest habitat in the country and has a high position in terms of economy and protection. Recent studies have confirmed the positive effects of carbon nanotubes on the germination and organ growth of herbaceous and woody species. Nanotechnology is an evolving field in all periods of human life and various research is done to use nanomaterials in different fields. Nanotechnology can provide a good medium for the production of plants with suitable characteristics or provide better growth conditions for plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbon nanotube treatments, calcium chloride 1% and potassium nitrate 1% on the germination traits of Iranian oak seed (Quercus brantii Lindl).
Materials and Methods: Treatments included carbon nanotubes at five levels (concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/l) for six hours, 1% calcium chloride for 48 hours, potassium nitrate for hours 24 hours and control treatment, which were primed without using any materials and germination traits were tested on them.
Results: According to the results, carbon nanotubes affected germination traits, so that Iranian oak seeds at a concentration of 75 mg/l had the highest germination percentage and rate, and primed seeds with a concentration of 100 mg/l had the highest mean germination time. The lowest germination percentage, speed and mean germination time were related to control seeds.
Conclusion: The results showed that carbon nanotubes with 75 mg/l had the most positive effect on germination traits. Therefore, from an economic point of view, the use of this concentration is recommended for priming oak seeds.
Highlights:
Introduction: Iranian oak has the largest forest habitat in the country and has a high position in terms of economy and protection. Recent studies have confirmed the positive effects of carbon nanotubes on the germination and organ growth of herbaceous and woody species. Nanotechnology is an evolving field in all periods of human life and various research is done to use nanomaterials in different fields. Nanotechnology can provide a good medium for the production of plants with suitable characteristics or provide better growth conditions for plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbon nanotube treatments, calcium chloride 1% and potassium nitrate 1% on the germination traits of Iranian oak seed (Quercus brantii Lindl).
Materials and Methods: Treatments included carbon nanotubes at five levels (concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/l) for six hours, 1% calcium chloride for 48 hours, potassium nitrate for hours 24 hours and control treatment, which were primed without using any materials and germination traits were tested on them.
Results: According to the results, carbon nanotubes affected germination traits, so that Iranian oak seeds at a concentration of 75 mg/l had the highest germination percentage and rate, and primed seeds with a concentration of 100 mg/l had the highest mean germination time. The lowest germination percentage, speed and mean germination time were related to control seeds.
Conclusion: The results showed that carbon nanotubes with 75 mg/l had the most positive effect on germination traits. Therefore, from an economic point of view, the use of this concentration is recommended for priming oak seeds.
Highlights:
- The germination characteristics of Iranian oak seeds were investigated using carbon nanotubes.
- The effect of osmopriming and nanopriming on the germination of Iranian oak seeds was compared.
Seyedeh Tina Mousavi Kani, Davoud Kartoolinejad, Zohreh Bahrami, Ali Asghar Zolfaghari, Elahe Nikouee,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, due to land use change and destruction of natural resources induced by human activities, attention to desertification has immensely become widespread. One of the most important species for biological rehabilitation of desert areas on a large scale is the hawthorn plant. Hawthorn is a plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, the two species of which are called white saxaul (Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boissier & Buhse) and black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin) are more notorious and widespread in Iran. These plants own extensive root systems and stabilize running sands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles on germination traits of black saxaul seeds under drought stress, as an important species in desert areas.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments included five titanium nano dioxides with concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg / l and six drought stress levels including 0, -4, -8, -12, -16 and -20 bar. After nanopriming, black saxaul seeds were subjected to drought stress for 15 days in a germinator at a temperature of 20 °C with four replications. After germination, in each of the treatments, germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GS), mean germination time (MGT) and seed vigor index (VI) were calculated.
Results: The results of two-way ANOVA and mean comparison of germination indices showed that the highest germination percentage (74%) belonged to the zero level of stress treatment with a concentration of 200 mg/l and the lowest one (3%) belonged to -20 bar treatment with 25 and 200 mg/l nano-titanium dioxide. With increasing drought stress intensity from zero to -20 bar level, germination rate decreased from 7.01 to 0.43 seeds per day. The highest amount of seed vigor index at zero drought level belonged to the treatment of 200 mg/l concentration of nano-titanium, with a rate of 325.77.
Conclusion: The results showed that germination indices and initial growth of black saxaul seeds decreased in all primed and unprimed treatments with increasing drought stress, and nanopriming with titanium dioxide had a positive effect on seed germination traits.
Highlights:
1- Seed priming using mesoporous nano-titanium dioxide improved the germination percentage of black saxaul seeds under drought stress.
2- The concentration of 200 mg/l of mesoporous nano titanium dioxide revealed a better effect on seed germination index, mean germination time, germination rate and percentage
3- Seed nano priming using titanium dioxide did not have much effect on the growth characteristics of black saxaul seedlings at higher levels of drought stress.
Zahra Heidari Sureshjani, Ghasem Karimzadeh, Sajad Rashidi Monfared,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: St. John’s wort is one of the most amazing and medicinal plants of interest worldwide, which is nowadays known as a certain cure for depression. However, the presence of dormancy and low seed germination is a barrier to the progress of its breeding programs. Despite the richness of the plant’s genetic resources, there are only a few studies reported on its propagation and maintenance in Iran, most of which do not mention the geographical origin of the used seeds or explants. The current study was carried out aiming to evaluate in vitro plant propagation of eight Iranian endemic populations of St. John’s wort seeds which belonged to different geographical origins, emphasizing seed dormancy phenomena.
Materials and Methods: Following the collection of eight populations of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) seeds from different geographical regions of Iran, the Murashige and Skoog culture media (common salt mixture as a control, MS improved with gibberellic acid and a modified combination of MS) was used in an effort to investigate the effect of culture medium as well as seed collection locations on the germination percentage of these populations.
Results: The results showed that the interaction between the seed collection locations and the culture medium on seed germination was significant at P<0.01. Besides, the effect of changing culture media on seed germination was significant in all populations at P<0.01, except for Meshkin-Shahr. In other words, the seeds collected from Meshkin-Shahr germinated easily as well as notably under in vitro conditions (97.3% on average), and there was no need either to modify the combination of MS medium or to use gibberellic acid for seed dormancy elimination. The seeds originated from Challus and Peresk had the lowest germination in the control medium (22.3%, on average). Seeds from Challus and Saqqez had better germination in the media enriched with gibberellic acid compared to the control and the modified MS media (88% and 65%, respectively). However, less than half of the Parvar seeds germinated in the MS medium improved with GA3, compared to the control. Cultivation of seeds obtained from Fereydunkenar in common MS medium also led to better germination than using GA3 and modifying the combination of medium with 95% and 99% confidence levels, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that the observed difference in seed germination percentage is remarkable in the Iranian endemic St. John’s wort populations under in vitro conditions. Moreover, the variation among national populations was significant. Besides, the response of the seed populations originating from different locations varied with respect to the changes in the culture medium and in the different cases. This shows the considerable effect of the growth location of the maternal plant on the characteristics of the next generation seeds, especially the way they germinate. Hence, it is very important to pay attention to the seed’s origins in the studies and it is investigable.
Highlights:
Introduction: St. John’s wort is one of the most amazing and medicinal plants of interest worldwide, which is nowadays known as a certain cure for depression. However, the presence of dormancy and low seed germination is a barrier to the progress of its breeding programs. Despite the richness of the plant’s genetic resources, there are only a few studies reported on its propagation and maintenance in Iran, most of which do not mention the geographical origin of the used seeds or explants. The current study was carried out aiming to evaluate in vitro plant propagation of eight Iranian endemic populations of St. John’s wort seeds which belonged to different geographical origins, emphasizing seed dormancy phenomena.
Materials and Methods: Following the collection of eight populations of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) seeds from different geographical regions of Iran, the Murashige and Skoog culture media (common salt mixture as a control, MS improved with gibberellic acid and a modified combination of MS) was used in an effort to investigate the effect of culture medium as well as seed collection locations on the germination percentage of these populations.
Results: The results showed that the interaction between the seed collection locations and the culture medium on seed germination was significant at P<0.01. Besides, the effect of changing culture media on seed germination was significant in all populations at P<0.01, except for Meshkin-Shahr. In other words, the seeds collected from Meshkin-Shahr germinated easily as well as notably under in vitro conditions (97.3% on average), and there was no need either to modify the combination of MS medium or to use gibberellic acid for seed dormancy elimination. The seeds originated from Challus and Peresk had the lowest germination in the control medium (22.3%, on average). Seeds from Challus and Saqqez had better germination in the media enriched with gibberellic acid compared to the control and the modified MS media (88% and 65%, respectively). However, less than half of the Parvar seeds germinated in the MS medium improved with GA3, compared to the control. Cultivation of seeds obtained from Fereydunkenar in common MS medium also led to better germination than using GA3 and modifying the combination of medium with 95% and 99% confidence levels, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that the observed difference in seed germination percentage is remarkable in the Iranian endemic St. John’s wort populations under in vitro conditions. Moreover, the variation among national populations was significant. Besides, the response of the seed populations originating from different locations varied with respect to the changes in the culture medium and in the different cases. This shows the considerable effect of the growth location of the maternal plant on the characteristics of the next generation seeds, especially the way they germinate. Hence, it is very important to pay attention to the seed’s origins in the studies and it is investigable.
Highlights:
- This is the first report on the in vitro seed dormancy elimination in the eight Iranian St. John’s wort populations.
- It was for the first time bringing up the geographical origins of seeds in the national germination studies on the St. John’s wort.
- It is a quite new method to use a modified combination of MS medium for seed dormancy elimination in the St. John’s wort.
Majid Azimmohseni, Farshid Ghaderi-Far, Mahnaz Khalafi, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour, Marzieh Ghezel,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Numerous studies are being carried out to reveal the effects of different treatments on the germination of seeds from various plants. The most commonly used method of analysis is the nonlinear regression which estimates germination parameters. Although the nonlinear regression has been performed based on different models, some serious problems in its structure and results motivated researchers to investigate alternative approaches with higher accuracy and precision. The main purpose of the present research is to introduce the alternative parametric time to event model and comparing its reliability to the nonlinear regression in experiments carried out under different conditions.
Materials and Methods: The results of four different experiments were used here including the effect of Potassium cyanide on walnut seed germination, the effect of salinity on wheat seed germination, the effect of water potential on corn seed germination and the effect of temperature on cotton seed germination. The nonlinear regression and time to event methods were applied based on the Gompertz model. The obtained standard errors from the two models were further assessed using the Monte-Carlo method.
Results: Both methods provided well-fitting models according to the MSE and R2 criteria. Although the germination parameters were approximately identical in both models, the standard error of parameters in nonlinear regression was significantly less than those of time to event method except for the experiments in which all tested seeds germinated within the time frame of study so that in the latter case the estimated standard errors in both models were identical. The Monte-Carlo method confirmed the results of the time to event model and reveals the underestimation of the nonlinear regression method in estimating the standard error of parameters.
Conclusions: Generally, the results of this research showed that the time to event model can be trustfully utilized in seed germination studies under different conditions and treatments. This model, not only provides precise estimates of the germination parameters but also provides the precise standard error of parameters that have important roles in making inferences for parameters. The drc package in R software enables researchers to fit the different time to event models.
Highlights:
- Using the time to the event model in estimation of seed germination parameters.
- Comparing the time to event and nonlinear regression methods in different seed germination experiments.
- Using the Monte-Carlo method for investigating the accuracy of results of the used methods.
Khadijeh Sourazar, Mohammad Sedghi, Raouf Seyed Sharifi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: The germination stage ensures the durability, establishment, and final yield of plants. The final density of plants per unit area is resulted when the planted seeds germinate fully and with adequate rate. Plants mainly undergo abiotic stresses that are a considerable constraint for agricultural production worldwide. Seed priming is one of the simplest and cheap methods to improve seed germination, acceleration of seedling growth and establishment, uniformity, reduction of flowering time, vigorous seedling production, etc which leads to improved quality and yield of crop under stressful and non-stressful conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different types of priming on enzymatic and physiological changes of French bean seed under cobalt chloride stress conditions.
Materials and Methods: To examine the effect of priming on germination indices, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proteins in French bean under cobalt chloride stress, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. These factors included four levels: seed priming with 100 mg / l salicylic acid and mannitol, control and distilled water (no priming), and three levels of cobalt chloride stress (0, 100, and 200 mg / l).
Results: The results showed that with increasing cobalt chloride concentration, germination indices (germination rate, root length, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight) decreased. However, in the pretreatment of distilled water, salicylic acid, and mannitol there was a significant increase in germination indices (mean germination time, radicle length, plumule length, fresh radicle weight, and weight plumule) was observed. The interaction effect of priming and cobalt chloride caused an increase in radicle dry weight compared to control × stress treatment. The highest values of fresh radicle weight (14.4 g), dry weight of plumule (0.27 g), and plumule length (0.17 cm) were obtained in hydro priming pretreatment. The results also showed that hormone priming under stress conditions of 200 and 100 mg / l cobalt chloride increased protein content and polyphenol oxidase activity of French bean seedlings compared with the control treatment, respectively. Osmo priming increased the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes under stress and non-stress conditions resulted by 200 mg / l cobalt chloride.
Conclusion: according to the results of the present study, cobalt chloride reduced some physiological and biochemical traits of French bean seeds. However, the French bean has a relatively high cobalt chloride tolerance capacity, so that it showed good tolerance to different concentrations of cobalt chloride for up to 9 days.
Highlights:
1- The effect of different concentrations of cobalt chloride and different types of priming on the germination of French bean seeds was investigated.
2- French bean seedling protein content increased under the influence of hormone priming.
Introduction: The germination stage ensures the durability, establishment, and final yield of plants. The final density of plants per unit area is resulted when the planted seeds germinate fully and with adequate rate. Plants mainly undergo abiotic stresses that are a considerable constraint for agricultural production worldwide. Seed priming is one of the simplest and cheap methods to improve seed germination, acceleration of seedling growth and establishment, uniformity, reduction of flowering time, vigorous seedling production, etc which leads to improved quality and yield of crop under stressful and non-stressful conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different types of priming on enzymatic and physiological changes of French bean seed under cobalt chloride stress conditions.
Materials and Methods: To examine the effect of priming on germination indices, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proteins in French bean under cobalt chloride stress, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. These factors included four levels: seed priming with 100 mg / l salicylic acid and mannitol, control and distilled water (no priming), and three levels of cobalt chloride stress (0, 100, and 200 mg / l).
Results: The results showed that with increasing cobalt chloride concentration, germination indices (germination rate, root length, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight and stem dry weight) decreased. However, in the pretreatment of distilled water, salicylic acid, and mannitol there was a significant increase in germination indices (mean germination time, radicle length, plumule length, fresh radicle weight, and weight plumule) was observed. The interaction effect of priming and cobalt chloride caused an increase in radicle dry weight compared to control × stress treatment. The highest values of fresh radicle weight (14.4 g), dry weight of plumule (0.27 g), and plumule length (0.17 cm) were obtained in hydro priming pretreatment. The results also showed that hormone priming under stress conditions of 200 and 100 mg / l cobalt chloride increased protein content and polyphenol oxidase activity of French bean seedlings compared with the control treatment, respectively. Osmo priming increased the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes under stress and non-stress conditions resulted by 200 mg / l cobalt chloride.
Conclusion: according to the results of the present study, cobalt chloride reduced some physiological and biochemical traits of French bean seeds. However, the French bean has a relatively high cobalt chloride tolerance capacity, so that it showed good tolerance to different concentrations of cobalt chloride for up to 9 days.
Highlights:
1- The effect of different concentrations of cobalt chloride and different types of priming on the germination of French bean seeds was investigated.
2- French bean seedling protein content increased under the influence of hormone priming.
Asieh Siahmarguee, Farshid Ghaderifa, Javid Gherekhloo, Atefeh Akbari Gelvardi, Maryam Gorgani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Extended abstract:
Introduction: Reports indicate the invasion of two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory (Ipomoea hederaceae Jacq) and Asian spider flower (Cleome viscosa L.) to summer crops fields such as soybeans in Golestan province. Considering the importance of knowing the cardinal temperatures of germination in the models for predicting the presence of weeds and consequently designing correct management strategies on these plants, this experiment was conducted to study the germination behavior and to compare the cardinal temperatures of germination for two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower under two conditions of constant and alternating temperatures.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effects of constant and alternating temperature on the percent, rate and estimating cardinal temperature of germination for Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower, two separate experiments as a Completely Randomized Design with four replications were carried out at the seed laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Studied temperature treatments on Ivy-leaved morning glory included the constant temperatures of 10,15,17,20,25,30,35 and 40 oC and alternating temperatures of 12.5:7.5,10:15, 12.5:20, 15:25, 20:30, 25:37.5, 30:42.5 and 35:45 oC. Temperature treatments on Asian spider flower included the constant temperatures of 15, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 o C and alternating temperatures of 15:20, 20:25, 20:30, 25:30, 25:35, 30:40, 30:45, 30:50 and 40:50 oC.
Results: Results indicated that alternating temperatures had a positive effect on the germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory, which increased from 78% at constant temperatures to 94% at alternative temperatures. However, the maximum germination percentage of Asian spiderflower at the alternative temperature of 20:30 was 79%, which had no significant difference with a constant temperature of 30 with 84% germination. The base temperature for seed germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory at alternating temperatures (10.09 oC) was a little lower than that of constant temperatures (11.25 oC). But in Asian spider flower, the base temperature at alternating temperatures (17.57 oC) was more than that of constant temperatures (15.43 o C).
Conclusion: The most important factor in the occurrence of such different responses to constant and alternating temperatures in Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower is their adaptation to environmental conditions and their survival in highly degraded agricultural environments. These two weeds are warm-season plants and their seeds enter the soil seed bank in autumn. The presence of dormancy (regardless of its type) in the seeds of these two plants prevents the germination of their seeds in winter; and the experience of alternating temperatures at this time prepares the seeds for germination in the spring. The base temperature of Ivy-leaved morning glory was not much different under the constant and alternating temperature conditions. But the base temperature of Asian spider flower was higher under alternating temperatures compared with constant temperatures.
Highlights:
1- The Response of germination percentage of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower were investigated under constant and alternating temperatures.
2- Cardinal temperatures of germination for these two weeds were compared at constant and alternating temperature conditions.
Introduction: Reports indicate the invasion of two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory (Ipomoea hederaceae Jacq) and Asian spider flower (Cleome viscosa L.) to summer crops fields such as soybeans in Golestan province. Considering the importance of knowing the cardinal temperatures of germination in the models for predicting the presence of weeds and consequently designing correct management strategies on these plants, this experiment was conducted to study the germination behavior and to compare the cardinal temperatures of germination for two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower under two conditions of constant and alternating temperatures.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effects of constant and alternating temperature on the percent, rate and estimating cardinal temperature of germination for Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower, two separate experiments as a Completely Randomized Design with four replications were carried out at the seed laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Studied temperature treatments on Ivy-leaved morning glory included the constant temperatures of 10,15,17,20,25,30,35 and 40 oC and alternating temperatures of 12.5:7.5,10:15, 12.5:20, 15:25, 20:30, 25:37.5, 30:42.5 and 35:45 oC. Temperature treatments on Asian spider flower included the constant temperatures of 15, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 o C and alternating temperatures of 15:20, 20:25, 20:30, 25:30, 25:35, 30:40, 30:45, 30:50 and 40:50 oC.
Results: Results indicated that alternating temperatures had a positive effect on the germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory, which increased from 78% at constant temperatures to 94% at alternative temperatures. However, the maximum germination percentage of Asian spiderflower at the alternative temperature of 20:30 was 79%, which had no significant difference with a constant temperature of 30 with 84% germination. The base temperature for seed germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory at alternating temperatures (10.09 oC) was a little lower than that of constant temperatures (11.25 oC). But in Asian spider flower, the base temperature at alternating temperatures (17.57 oC) was more than that of constant temperatures (15.43 o C).
Conclusion: The most important factor in the occurrence of such different responses to constant and alternating temperatures in Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower is their adaptation to environmental conditions and their survival in highly degraded agricultural environments. These two weeds are warm-season plants and their seeds enter the soil seed bank in autumn. The presence of dormancy (regardless of its type) in the seeds of these two plants prevents the germination of their seeds in winter; and the experience of alternating temperatures at this time prepares the seeds for germination in the spring. The base temperature of Ivy-leaved morning glory was not much different under the constant and alternating temperature conditions. But the base temperature of Asian spider flower was higher under alternating temperatures compared with constant temperatures.
Highlights:
1- The Response of germination percentage of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower were investigated under constant and alternating temperatures.
2- Cardinal temperatures of germination for these two weeds were compared at constant and alternating temperature conditions.
Haniyeh Saadat, Mohammad Sedghi, Raouf Seyed Sharifi, Salim Farzaneh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Today, population growth has placed a significant burden on global agricultural resources. As a result, meeting global food demand and increasing farmers' incomes has become a challenging task. Salinity is one of the most harmful factors in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world that influences crop production. Seed priming is a technology by which seeds are physiologically and biochemically prepared for germination before being placed in their bed and exposed to the ecological conditions of the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the effect of chitosan on bean germination indices under salt stress.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in a row (tube or sandwich culture) between filter paper at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Treatments included four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 Mm) and four chitosan levels (0, 25, 50, and 75% by weight volume), all of which had been dissolved in 1% acetic acid. The studied traits included germination coefficient, allometric coefficient, daily germination rate, mean daily germination, seedling length and weight index, radicle length, plumule length, seedling length, radicle fresh and dry weight, plumule fresh and dry weight and residual dry weight. Data analysis was performed using the SAS 9.2 software and Duncan's test at p<0.05 probability level was used for mean comparison.
Results: The results showed that salinity stress decreased allometric coefficient (AC), seedling length vigor index (SLVI), radicle and seedling length (RL and SL), and radicle fresh and dry weight (RFW and RDW) and increased daily germination rate (DGS) and residual dry weight (RDW). Seed pretreatment with chitosan increased AC, SLVI, RL, SL, RFW, and RDW. The comparison of the means showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of chitosan so that the highest number of traits was obtained from the use of 75% chitosan and the lowest was obtained from the chitosan-free treatment. SLVI, SL, and RDW in 75% chitosan pre-treatment were higher at about 31, 26, and 27% compared to the control (priming with distilled water), respectively. The highest AC was observed in priming with 50% chitosan. Comparison of the mean for salinity stress also showed that the highest and lowest values of the measured traits respectively were obtained from the application of 0 and 150 Mm salinity levels. Also, with increasing salinity, chitosan increased germination coefficient (GC), seedling weight vigor index (SWVI), plumule length (PL), and plumule fresh and dry weight (PFW and PDW).
Conclusions: The results of this study show that among the different treatments, pre-treatment of seeds with 75 % Chitosan may be considered an effective way to improve seed germination of bean. It also can reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress on some traits in bean seedlings and improve seedling growth. Also, pretreatment with distilled water is an easy, low-cost and effective way to increase bean seedling germination and growth indices. Farmers can use this method for fast germination and better seedling growth under salt stress conditions.
Highlights:
- The effect of different concentrations of chitosan on the germination of bean seeds was investigated.
- Priming with chitosan increased the allometric coefficient, seedling length vigor index, radicle and seedling length, and radicle fresh and dry weight.
- A suitable method for reducing the harmful effects of salinity and increasing germination indicators of beans was introduced.
Nafiseh Sheibany, Sina Fallah, Hossein Barani-Beiranvand, Aliyeh Salehi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended abstract Introduction: The use of nanotechnology is increasing in many fields including agricultural sciences. Concurrently, the release of these particles into the environment is inevitable, which may have adverse effects on plants. Therefore, it is important to understand the interactions between nanoparticles and crops as an essential component of all agricultural ecosystems. In this regard, a study was conducted on the effects of nanoparticles on germination potential and initial growth of F2 seeds by cultivating soybean in soil containing copper oxide nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the nourishment effects of maternal soybean with copper compounds on its seedlings, two factorial experiments (in a growth chamber and pot) were conducted in a completely randomized design at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2021. Treatments in the maternal plant included different copper compounds (copper oxide nanoparticles with sizes of 25, 50 nm and copper chloride) and five concentrations of copper compounds (0, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg soil), and the seeds produced from these treatments were evaluated under controlled and pot conditions. Results: An increase in the concentration of copper chloride and copper oxide nanoparticle (25 nm) in maternal plants reduced the germination percentage (25 and 78%), radicle length (56 and 82%), radicle weight (35 and 81%), plumule length (19 and 71%), plumule weight (32 and 73%) and seedling vigor index (49 and 94%) of produced seeds, respectively. The evaluation of soybean seedlings nourished with different copper compounds also showed the nourishment with copper chloride and copper oxide nanoparticle (25 nm) significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll a (10 and 74%), chlorophyll b (38, 49%), carotenoids (136 and 145%), root length (27 and 61%), seedling height (31 and 58%), leaf area (44 and 64%), and shoot weight (34 and 64%) compared to the control, respectively. Conclusion: In general, it is concluded that the toxicity of copper compounds in the rhizosphere of the maternal plant for the produced seeds is directly related to the concentration. Therefore, the toxic effects are intensified when the maternal plant is nourished with copper oxide nanoparticles, and the seeds produced under these conditions have poor vigor. Highlights: 1. Nourishment of the maternal soybean plant with copper oxide nanoparticles reduces the seedling growth of the produced seeds. 2. Reducing the size of copper oxide nanoparticles has a more toxic effect on the germination of produced seeds. 3. The toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles continue until the seedling stage.
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab, Hamideh Khajeh, Ramin Piri, Zahra Moradian,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Lallemantia royleana is an annual herbaceous plant of Lamiaceae family in different parts of Europe, the Middle East, and especially Iran. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. is a plant of the legume family. A common feature between these two plants is hydrocolloid gums, which stabilize some food emulsions by absorbing water and increasing the viscosity or forming a gel in the aqueous phase. Due to its diverse and rich vegetation, Iran can produce countless types of plant gums, and many seeds such as Lallemantia royleana and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba contain valuable gums. Considering the important therapeutic and industrial applications of C. tetragonoloba and L. royleanaplants and the need for more information and reports on determining the best humic acid level and salt stress tolerance of these plants, the purpose of this research is to investigate the tolerance of two L. royleana and C. tetragonoloba plants to salinity stress in the germination stage and the initial stages of the growth of two plants under the humic acid application.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications at the seed laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Zabol University in 1400. In this experiment, salinity stress was investigated using sodium chloride at control (no salinity), 70, 140, 210 mM levels and humic acid at (0, 40, 80, and 120 mg/L) levels. Humic acid solution at different salinity levels was added to each petri dish containing 25 seeds.
Results: The results showed that salinity stress decreased germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, seedling length and seedling dry weight of C. tetragonoloba. In this plant, the germination percentage decreased by 35.34% compared to the control as the salinity stress level increased to 210 mM, and with the increase of the stress to more than 140 mM, a significant decrease in the germination percentage was observed. The maximum plumule length of L. royleanaplants was obtained in 70 mM salinity treatment and 40 mg/L fertilizer level. The maximum radicle length in the L. royleanaplants plant was obtained in the treatment of 40 mg/L of humic acid at a 70 mM salinity stress level. Also, the results showed that the maximum radicle length (1.46 cm) in the C. tetragonoloba plant was related to humic acid pretreatment at 70 and 140 mM salinity and fertilizer levels of 40 and 80 mg/L.
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that the germination indices significantly decreased under stress conditions, and this indicates that humic acid is a suitable pretreatment that can improve the growth indices of C. tetragonoloba and L. royleanaplants under stressed and non-stressed conditions. With the application of humic acid at all salinity levels except 210 mM, the germination indices in the two mentioned plants were in a favorable condition.
Highlight:
1- The salinity stress tolerance threshold was studied in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Lallemantia plants.
2- Humic acid fertilizer in this study mitigated the destructive effects of salinity stress in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Lallemantia plants.
Introduction: Lallemantia royleana is an annual herbaceous plant of Lamiaceae family in different parts of Europe, the Middle East, and especially Iran. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. is a plant of the legume family. A common feature between these two plants is hydrocolloid gums, which stabilize some food emulsions by absorbing water and increasing the viscosity or forming a gel in the aqueous phase. Due to its diverse and rich vegetation, Iran can produce countless types of plant gums, and many seeds such as Lallemantia royleana and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba contain valuable gums. Considering the important therapeutic and industrial applications of C. tetragonoloba and L. royleanaplants and the need for more information and reports on determining the best humic acid level and salt stress tolerance of these plants, the purpose of this research is to investigate the tolerance of two L. royleana and C. tetragonoloba plants to salinity stress in the germination stage and the initial stages of the growth of two plants under the humic acid application.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications at the seed laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Zabol University in 1400. In this experiment, salinity stress was investigated using sodium chloride at control (no salinity), 70, 140, 210 mM levels and humic acid at (0, 40, 80, and 120 mg/L) levels. Humic acid solution at different salinity levels was added to each petri dish containing 25 seeds.
Results: The results showed that salinity stress decreased germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, seedling length and seedling dry weight of C. tetragonoloba. In this plant, the germination percentage decreased by 35.34% compared to the control as the salinity stress level increased to 210 mM, and with the increase of the stress to more than 140 mM, a significant decrease in the germination percentage was observed. The maximum plumule length of L. royleanaplants was obtained in 70 mM salinity treatment and 40 mg/L fertilizer level. The maximum radicle length in the L. royleanaplants plant was obtained in the treatment of 40 mg/L of humic acid at a 70 mM salinity stress level. Also, the results showed that the maximum radicle length (1.46 cm) in the C. tetragonoloba plant was related to humic acid pretreatment at 70 and 140 mM salinity and fertilizer levels of 40 and 80 mg/L.
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that the germination indices significantly decreased under stress conditions, and this indicates that humic acid is a suitable pretreatment that can improve the growth indices of C. tetragonoloba and L. royleanaplants under stressed and non-stressed conditions. With the application of humic acid at all salinity levels except 210 mM, the germination indices in the two mentioned plants were in a favorable condition.
Highlight:
1- The salinity stress tolerance threshold was studied in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Lallemantia plants.
2- Humic acid fertilizer in this study mitigated the destructive effects of salinity stress in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Lallemantia plants.
Marzieh Besharati-Far, Gholamrez Khajoei-Nejad, Enayatollah Tohidi-Nejad, Jalal Ghanbari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: The application of different physical, chemical, and hormonal treatments mainly improves the germination of plants such as Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss that have a seed dormancy mechanism. However, the interaction effects of germination, temperature, pretreatment with sulfuric acid, treatment with gibberellic acid and mycorrhiza on D. kotschyi germination have not been studied. Therefore, this experiment was performed in vitro to study the effect of seed pretreatment on improvement of germination characteristics of D. kotschyi seed.
Materials and Methods: The treatments studied in this experiment included (1) pretreatment of seed coat with sulfuric acid (97-95 %, for 10 min) and non-pretreatment (distilled water); (2) different treatments including treatments with concentrations of 0, 250, and 500 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA) or inoculation with mycorrhiza suspension in two separate experiments; and (3) two temperature treatments; room and refrigerator (about 4 °C) temperatures. The experiment was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications and different germination and initial seedling growth indices were examined.
Results: Gibberellic acid application at room temperature resulted in a significant increase in germination percentage and rate, whereas there was no significant difference between different levels of gibberellic acid and control at 4 °C. Similarly, the application of 250 mg L-1 GA improved seedling length and seedling vigor index at room temperature. While pretreatment with sulfuric acid significantly reduced germination and seedling growth indices compared to non-pretreatment, inoculation with mycorrhiza suspension in both pretreatment conditions compensated the germination reduction caused by sulfuric acid pretreatment by improving germination. Similarly, while the highest seedling length and vigor were obtained from mycorrhizal treatment at room temperature in non-pretreatment with sulfuric acid, at 4 ° C, inoculation with mycorrhiza also significantly reduced the loss in seedling length and seedling vigor index caused by sulfuric acid application.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that the application of 250 mg L-1 GA at room temperature can be considered to improve the germination trend of D. kotschyi. Also, according to the results, treatment with mycorrhiza in sulfuric acid-free treatment at room temperature can be recommended as optimal conditions to improve the germination of D. kotschyi.
Highlights:
1- The interaction effect of chemical pretreatment with biological and hormonal treatments on the germination of Dracocephalum kotschyi was investigated.
2- The application of gibberellic acid at room temperature improved germination compared to the control, whereas it had no effect on germination at 4 °C.
3- Application of mycorrhiza reduced germination loss caused by pretreatment with sulfuric acid and led to maximum germination and seedling growth.
Introduction: The application of different physical, chemical, and hormonal treatments mainly improves the germination of plants such as Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss that have a seed dormancy mechanism. However, the interaction effects of germination, temperature, pretreatment with sulfuric acid, treatment with gibberellic acid and mycorrhiza on D. kotschyi germination have not been studied. Therefore, this experiment was performed in vitro to study the effect of seed pretreatment on improvement of germination characteristics of D. kotschyi seed.
Materials and Methods: The treatments studied in this experiment included (1) pretreatment of seed coat with sulfuric acid (97-95 %, for 10 min) and non-pretreatment (distilled water); (2) different treatments including treatments with concentrations of 0, 250, and 500 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA) or inoculation with mycorrhiza suspension in two separate experiments; and (3) two temperature treatments; room and refrigerator (about 4 °C) temperatures. The experiment was performed as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications and different germination and initial seedling growth indices were examined.
Results: Gibberellic acid application at room temperature resulted in a significant increase in germination percentage and rate, whereas there was no significant difference between different levels of gibberellic acid and control at 4 °C. Similarly, the application of 250 mg L-1 GA improved seedling length and seedling vigor index at room temperature. While pretreatment with sulfuric acid significantly reduced germination and seedling growth indices compared to non-pretreatment, inoculation with mycorrhiza suspension in both pretreatment conditions compensated the germination reduction caused by sulfuric acid pretreatment by improving germination. Similarly, while the highest seedling length and vigor were obtained from mycorrhizal treatment at room temperature in non-pretreatment with sulfuric acid, at 4 ° C, inoculation with mycorrhiza also significantly reduced the loss in seedling length and seedling vigor index caused by sulfuric acid application.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that the application of 250 mg L-1 GA at room temperature can be considered to improve the germination trend of D. kotschyi. Also, according to the results, treatment with mycorrhiza in sulfuric acid-free treatment at room temperature can be recommended as optimal conditions to improve the germination of D. kotschyi.
Highlights:
1- The interaction effect of chemical pretreatment with biological and hormonal treatments on the germination of Dracocephalum kotschyi was investigated.
2- The application of gibberellic acid at room temperature improved germination compared to the control, whereas it had no effect on germination at 4 °C.
3- Application of mycorrhiza reduced germination loss caused by pretreatment with sulfuric acid and led to maximum germination and seedling growth.
Vahid Mohasseli, Mahmood Izadi, Mohammad Hadi Roohian,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Lentil is a dicot, annual, and cross-pollinating plant that is found mainly in Fars, Khuzestan and East Azerbaijan provinces. The seeds of the plant are used in the treatment of cholesterol and blood sugar. Abiotic stresses such as salinity are important factors in reducing plant growth and yield. Although salinity can remarkably affect plant growth, its intensity depends on duration, type, plant species and growth stage. The greatest effect of salinity during the germination process is on germination rate and percentage and radicle and plumule length, as the increased concentration of ions in Therefore, studying of plant germination under salt stress and application of compounds such as salicylic acid to improve plant tolerance to salinity in saline areas can serve as a guideline for the cultivation of plants under such conditions. Therefore, this research aimed to study the effect of salicylic acid on the germination and growth parameters of Securigera securidaca L. under salinity conditions.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications under the germinator conditions in the laboratory of Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Experimental treatments consisted of 5 levels of salinity stress (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa) and 3 levels of salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM). The seeds were soaked in the treatments for 24h. At the end of the experiment (8 days), germination percentage and rate, seed vigor index, and fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule were measured and calculated.
Results: The results showed that all plant responses were affected by different osmotic potentials at p<0.01 compared with the control. The highest germination percentage was 91.11 under stress-free conditions and the application of salicylic acid at 1 mM. During the comparison of means for salicylic acid, the highest mean plumule length (10.88 mm) was related to 1 mM salicylic acid solution and the lowest (6.35 mm) was for control treatment, which showed an increase of 71.34%. Also, soaking seeds with salicylic acid caused an 84.98% increase in root fresh weight. An increase in salinity led to 96.30 and 94.62% decrease in radicle and plumule dry weights, respectively.
Conclusions: The study showed that soaking seeds with salicylic acid improved germination under salt stress conditions. Therefore, seed placement in salicylic acid solution (1 Mm) prior to cultivation can be used to improve the germination of Securigera securidaca L. under salinity conditions.
Highlights:
1- The most suitable concentration of salicylic acid for seeds soaking to increase plant tolerance to salinity stress is 1 mM.
2- Soaking of Securigera securidaca L. seeds in salicylic acid increases germination, seed vigor index and radicle and plumule length and weight under saline and non-saline conditions.
Safiye Arab, Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi, Ahmad Gholami, Mostafa Haydari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Seed aging is a phenomenon that occurs during the life of any seed. Changes that occur during aging affect seed quality. Through the process of aging, seed vigor is the first trait of the seed quality that decreases, followed by a decrease in germination capacity, seedling growth and establishment. Hence, one way to stimulate germination and increase the establishment of seedlings from aging seeds is seed pre-treatment using different materials such as brown seaweed extract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seaweed extract pretreatment on germination traits and heterotrophic growth of un-aged and aged soybean seeds.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was designed and implemented at a laboratory in the faculty of agriculture of Shahrood University of Technology in 2019. Treatments included seed aging at two levels (un-aged seeds and aged seeds) and pretreatment with seaweed extract at seven levels (zero, distilled water, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 %). The experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in the germinator environment. The seeds were aged by being placed at 41°C and 95% relative humidity for 72 hours. Seed pretreatment seaweed extract was done for 6 hours in accordance with the principles of seed aeration.
Results: Aging reduced germination percentage and germination rate, allometric growth ratio, seedling length vigor index, seed reserves use efficiency and seed vigor index. Malondialdehyde content and electrical conductivity of aged seeds were 37.68% and 38.32% higher than un-aged seeds respectively. Seed pretreatment with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of seaweed extract significantly increased germination rate, germination index and seed reserves use efficiency. Slicing interactions of aging and seaweed extract showed that seed pretreatment with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of seaweed extract significantly increased germination rate and germination index in un-age seeds. Pretreatment of aged seeds with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% seaweed extract increased germination percentage by 8.73%, 8% and 15% compared to the control (aged seeds without pretreatment), respectively. The use of distilled water and all levels of seaweed extract in this study increased the seed vigor index and decreased the electrical conductivity. The amount of malondialdehyde in aged seeds was reduced by using all levels of seaweed extract. The use of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of the extract increased the amount of seed reserves use rate and fraction of seed reserves mobilization in aged seeds.
Conclusions: Finally, in the scope of this research between the concentrations used, the concentration of 0.3% seaweed extract was better than the others. It can also be suggested that the use of seaweed extract as a seed pretreatment improves the effects of seed aging on soybeans.
Highlights:
1-The effect of pretreatment with seaweed extract with concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% on un-aged and aged soybean seeds was investigated for the first time.
2-Using a concentration of 0.3% seaweed extract for the pretreatment of soybean seeds was introduced as the best concentration.
3- Seaweed extract was introduced as an important antioxidant to improve physiological traits in soybean seeds.
Introduction: Seed aging is a phenomenon that occurs during the life of any seed. Changes that occur during aging affect seed quality. Through the process of aging, seed vigor is the first trait of the seed quality that decreases, followed by a decrease in germination capacity, seedling growth and establishment. Hence, one way to stimulate germination and increase the establishment of seedlings from aging seeds is seed pre-treatment using different materials such as brown seaweed extract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seaweed extract pretreatment on germination traits and heterotrophic growth of un-aged and aged soybean seeds.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was designed and implemented at a laboratory in the faculty of agriculture of Shahrood University of Technology in 2019. Treatments included seed aging at two levels (un-aged seeds and aged seeds) and pretreatment with seaweed extract at seven levels (zero, distilled water, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 %). The experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in the germinator environment. The seeds were aged by being placed at 41°C and 95% relative humidity for 72 hours. Seed pretreatment seaweed extract was done for 6 hours in accordance with the principles of seed aeration.
Results: Aging reduced germination percentage and germination rate, allometric growth ratio, seedling length vigor index, seed reserves use efficiency and seed vigor index. Malondialdehyde content and electrical conductivity of aged seeds were 37.68% and 38.32% higher than un-aged seeds respectively. Seed pretreatment with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of seaweed extract significantly increased germination rate, germination index and seed reserves use efficiency. Slicing interactions of aging and seaweed extract showed that seed pretreatment with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of seaweed extract significantly increased germination rate and germination index in un-age seeds. Pretreatment of aged seeds with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% seaweed extract increased germination percentage by 8.73%, 8% and 15% compared to the control (aged seeds without pretreatment), respectively. The use of distilled water and all levels of seaweed extract in this study increased the seed vigor index and decreased the electrical conductivity. The amount of malondialdehyde in aged seeds was reduced by using all levels of seaweed extract. The use of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of the extract increased the amount of seed reserves use rate and fraction of seed reserves mobilization in aged seeds.
Conclusions: Finally, in the scope of this research between the concentrations used, the concentration of 0.3% seaweed extract was better than the others. It can also be suggested that the use of seaweed extract as a seed pretreatment improves the effects of seed aging on soybeans.
Highlights:
1-The effect of pretreatment with seaweed extract with concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5% on un-aged and aged soybean seeds was investigated for the first time.
2-Using a concentration of 0.3% seaweed extract for the pretreatment of soybean seeds was introduced as the best concentration.
3- Seaweed extract was introduced as an important antioxidant to improve physiological traits in soybean seeds.
Arezoo Paravar, Saeideh Maleki Farahani, Alireza Rezazadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Lallemnatia ibercia (Dragon’s head) is an annual herb, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Nowadays, its seed is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its high mucilage and oil content. Soil moisture, nutrition, light, and temperature of the maternal environment play an important role in plant growth. However, the effect of soil moisture on yield and seed quality indices is greater during seed development. The positive effects of maternal plant nutrition with mycorrhizal inoculation can influence the quality improvement of the seeds developed under water deficit conditions. The reason for the quality improvement of the seeds developed under mycorrhizal inoculation condition is reported to be their water balance under water deficit conditions and as a result, more absorption of water and nutrients. Nutrient uptake by the maternal plant can play an important role in improving the germination and quality characteristics of the seeds developed under drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, Shahed University during f 2018-19 and 2019-20 years. Experimental treatments included irrigation regime (30, 60 and 90% of depletion of available soil water (ASW)) and mycorrhizal inoculation (non-inoculation and inoculation).
Results: The results showed that a reduction in soil moisture in the maternal environment decreased germination percentage and seed quality. Germination percentage (51.20%) germination rate (7%), seed vigor index (27.70%), seedling length (28.3%), seedling dry weight (34.80%), seed mucilage (75.40%), as well as seed nutrients (27.30%), seed oil (14.60%) and catalase (35.25%) and ascorbate peroxidase (25.70%) enzymes activities enhanced in the seeds developed under 60% depletion of available soil water and application of mycorrhizal compared to control (30% depletion of available soil water and without mycorrhizal). Compared with the 30% depletion of available soil water and without mycorrhizal, mean germination time (17%) and lipid peroxidation (41.10%) increased under the 90% depletion of available soil water and without fertilizer mycorrhizal.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the irrigation regime of 60% available soil water depletion of maternal plants leads to the reduction of seed quality. However, the nutrition of maternal plants by mycorrhizal inoculation effectively improved the quality of seeds developed under water deficit due to the absorption of water and nutrients.
Highlights:
Introduction: Lallemnatia ibercia (Dragon’s head) is an annual herb, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Nowadays, its seed is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its high mucilage and oil content. Soil moisture, nutrition, light, and temperature of the maternal environment play an important role in plant growth. However, the effect of soil moisture on yield and seed quality indices is greater during seed development. The positive effects of maternal plant nutrition with mycorrhizal inoculation can influence the quality improvement of the seeds developed under water deficit conditions. The reason for the quality improvement of the seeds developed under mycorrhizal inoculation condition is reported to be their water balance under water deficit conditions and as a result, more absorption of water and nutrients. Nutrient uptake by the maternal plant can play an important role in improving the germination and quality characteristics of the seeds developed under drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, Shahed University during f 2018-19 and 2019-20 years. Experimental treatments included irrigation regime (30, 60 and 90% of depletion of available soil water (ASW)) and mycorrhizal inoculation (non-inoculation and inoculation).
Results: The results showed that a reduction in soil moisture in the maternal environment decreased germination percentage and seed quality. Germination percentage (51.20%) germination rate (7%), seed vigor index (27.70%), seedling length (28.3%), seedling dry weight (34.80%), seed mucilage (75.40%), as well as seed nutrients (27.30%), seed oil (14.60%) and catalase (35.25%) and ascorbate peroxidase (25.70%) enzymes activities enhanced in the seeds developed under 60% depletion of available soil water and application of mycorrhizal compared to control (30% depletion of available soil water and without mycorrhizal). Compared with the 30% depletion of available soil water and without mycorrhizal, mean germination time (17%) and lipid peroxidation (41.10%) increased under the 90% depletion of available soil water and without fertilizer mycorrhizal.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the irrigation regime of 60% available soil water depletion of maternal plants leads to the reduction of seed quality. However, the nutrition of maternal plants by mycorrhizal inoculation effectively improved the quality of seeds developed under water deficit due to the absorption of water and nutrients.
Highlights:
- Germination and seedling growth indices, quality and biochemical characteristics of the Lallemantia iberica seeds developed under different conditions of irrigation regime were investigated.
- The effect of mycorrhiza on nutrient uptake, oil content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the seeds developed under different irrigation regimes was investigated.
- The extent of damage to the lipid structures of cells in the seeds developed under different irrigation regimes and mycorrhiza fertilizer was investigated.
Hamideh Khalaj,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Althaea officinalis L. is one of the most important plants of the Malvaceae family which is used in traditional medicine and as a drug to treat the disorders of digestive and respiratory systems. The fresh seeds of Althaea do not have a good growth potential. This experiment was performed to evaluate the different methods of seed dormancy breaking on the improvement of A. officinalis L. seed germination.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the agricultural laboratory of Payame Noor University Tehran, Shahriar Center in 2017. The experimental treatments included 10 treatments (control, seed coat removal, seed coat removal + gibberellic acid (500 and 1000 ppm), seed coat removal + potassium nitrate (0.1 and 0.2%), seed coat removal + sulfuric acid (30 and 60 minutes), sulfuric acid (30 and 60 minutes).
Results: The results showed that the highest germination index with averages of 433.3 was observed in seed coat removal + 30- minutes of sulfuric acid treatment. The highest germination rate (44.7 seed/day) was observed in seed coat removal + 60-minute sulfuric acid treatment. The highest germination percentage (86.6%) was observed in seed coat removal+ 0.2% potassium nitrate treatment. Also, the highest mean germination time (20.2 day) was observed in both control and seeds coat removal treatments. The highest plumule and seedling length and fresh and dry weight were observed in seed coat removal + 30 and 60- minute sulfuric acid, and seed coat removal +0.2% potassium nitrate treatment, without significant difference. The highest radicle length was obtained in seed coat removal +30- minutes sulfuric acid treatment and seed coat removal + 0.2% potassium nitrate treatments.
Conclusion: Since all three sulfuric acid, potassium nitrate and gibberellic acid treatment along with seed coat removal treatment significantly affect the measured traits compared with control. It may be suggested that A. officinalis L. seed has a type of physical and physiological dormancy and seed dormancy breaking treatments (especially 30- minutes sulfuric acid) can be used to increase germination the fresh seeds of this plant.
Highlights:
Introduction: Althaea officinalis L. is one of the most important plants of the Malvaceae family which is used in traditional medicine and as a drug to treat the disorders of digestive and respiratory systems. The fresh seeds of Althaea do not have a good growth potential. This experiment was performed to evaluate the different methods of seed dormancy breaking on the improvement of A. officinalis L. seed germination.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the agricultural laboratory of Payame Noor University Tehran, Shahriar Center in 2017. The experimental treatments included 10 treatments (control, seed coat removal, seed coat removal + gibberellic acid (500 and 1000 ppm), seed coat removal + potassium nitrate (0.1 and 0.2%), seed coat removal + sulfuric acid (30 and 60 minutes), sulfuric acid (30 and 60 minutes).
Results: The results showed that the highest germination index with averages of 433.3 was observed in seed coat removal + 30- minutes of sulfuric acid treatment. The highest germination rate (44.7 seed/day) was observed in seed coat removal + 60-minute sulfuric acid treatment. The highest germination percentage (86.6%) was observed in seed coat removal+ 0.2% potassium nitrate treatment. Also, the highest mean germination time (20.2 day) was observed in both control and seeds coat removal treatments. The highest plumule and seedling length and fresh and dry weight were observed in seed coat removal + 30 and 60- minute sulfuric acid, and seed coat removal +0.2% potassium nitrate treatment, without significant difference. The highest radicle length was obtained in seed coat removal +30- minutes sulfuric acid treatment and seed coat removal + 0.2% potassium nitrate treatments.
Conclusion: Since all three sulfuric acid, potassium nitrate and gibberellic acid treatment along with seed coat removal treatment significantly affect the measured traits compared with control. It may be suggested that A. officinalis L. seed has a type of physical and physiological dormancy and seed dormancy breaking treatments (especially 30- minutes sulfuric acid) can be used to increase germination the fresh seeds of this plant.
Highlights:
- In A. officinalis plant, removal of seed coat using chemical treatments is very effective in applying seed dormancy treatments.
Khadijeh Momeni, Ali Moradi, Sohrab Mahmoudi, Hojatollah Latif Manesh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Due to the fineness of parsley seeds, several problems may arise, such as the impossibility of using planting machines and the displacement of seeds by water, reduced germination and growth due to increased planting depth or lack of seed establishment in the soil, and consequently, increased seeding rate. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods to increase germination ability and improve the establishment of parsley seeds and seedlings in the soil. This experiment aimed to determine the most effective biopriming and gibberellin treatments for better germination and establishment of parsley seeds.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the best biopriming and gibberellin priming treatments on germination characteristics and establishment of parsley seed, three experiments with four replications were conducted in the seed science and technology laboratory of Yasouj University in 2015 and 2016. The first biopriming experiment was carried out using growth-stimulating bacteria in a completely randomized design with eight treatments including bacterial isolates Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 21, Bacillus biosobetyl strain, Enterobactercus cloac strain 5, also two and three compounds of these bacteria along with control treatment. The second experiment was carried out with five treatments of Trichoderma harziarum (T36, T39, T42, and T43) isolates with control treatment. Finally, the third experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design with concentrations of gibberellin hormone (0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) and prime times (6 and 12 hours). The measured traits were seedling length, seedling dry weight, germination percentage, and seedling length vigor index.
Results: The results showed that the best treatments for the first experiment were biopriming with Enterobacter + pseudomonas, for the second experiment biopriming with T36 fungus strain, and for the third experiment 50 ppm of gibberellin prime for 6 and 12 hours. The results showed that the majority of biopriming and hormone prime treatments improved the quality of parsley seeds so that the germination percentage in control seeds was 70%. This value increased by 31% compared to control treatment following priming with growth-stimulating bacteria (Pseudomonas+ Enterobacter), which showed the highest rate among all treatments applied in this study. The use of 50 ppm of gibberellin priming for 6 and 12 hours increased germination by 19% and 14% compared to the control treatment, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that biopriming with Pseudomonas + enterobacter had the greatest effect on improving the quality and germination characteristics of parsley seed. In general, biopriming except for T42 fungi, and also gibberellin priming showed improvement in the quality and germination properties of parsley seed.
Highlights:
1. The effects of using biopriming and hormone prime are common, while it is not clear for parsley.
2. Biopriming with Pseudomonas+ enterobacter had the greatest effect on improving the quality and germination characteristics of parsley seeds.
3. Priming with T42 fungus reduced the quality and germination characteristics of parsley seeds.
Introduction: Due to the fineness of parsley seeds, several problems may arise, such as the impossibility of using planting machines and the displacement of seeds by water, reduced germination and growth due to increased planting depth or lack of seed establishment in the soil, and consequently, increased seeding rate. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods to increase germination ability and improve the establishment of parsley seeds and seedlings in the soil. This experiment aimed to determine the most effective biopriming and gibberellin treatments for better germination and establishment of parsley seeds.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the best biopriming and gibberellin priming treatments on germination characteristics and establishment of parsley seed, three experiments with four replications were conducted in the seed science and technology laboratory of Yasouj University in 2015 and 2016. The first biopriming experiment was carried out using growth-stimulating bacteria in a completely randomized design with eight treatments including bacterial isolates Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 21, Bacillus biosobetyl strain, Enterobactercus cloac strain 5, also two and three compounds of these bacteria along with control treatment. The second experiment was carried out with five treatments of Trichoderma harziarum (T36, T39, T42, and T43) isolates with control treatment. Finally, the third experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design with concentrations of gibberellin hormone (0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) and prime times (6 and 12 hours). The measured traits were seedling length, seedling dry weight, germination percentage, and seedling length vigor index.
Results: The results showed that the best treatments for the first experiment were biopriming with Enterobacter + pseudomonas, for the second experiment biopriming with T36 fungus strain, and for the third experiment 50 ppm of gibberellin prime for 6 and 12 hours. The results showed that the majority of biopriming and hormone prime treatments improved the quality of parsley seeds so that the germination percentage in control seeds was 70%. This value increased by 31% compared to control treatment following priming with growth-stimulating bacteria (Pseudomonas+ Enterobacter), which showed the highest rate among all treatments applied in this study. The use of 50 ppm of gibberellin priming for 6 and 12 hours increased germination by 19% and 14% compared to the control treatment, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that biopriming with Pseudomonas + enterobacter had the greatest effect on improving the quality and germination characteristics of parsley seed. In general, biopriming except for T42 fungi, and also gibberellin priming showed improvement in the quality and germination properties of parsley seed.
Highlights:
1. The effects of using biopriming and hormone prime are common, while it is not clear for parsley.
2. Biopriming with Pseudomonas+ enterobacter had the greatest effect on improving the quality and germination characteristics of parsley seeds.
3. Priming with T42 fungus reduced the quality and germination characteristics of parsley seeds.
Omid Ansari, Esmaeil Shirghani, Khodadad Shabani,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (9-2023)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Due to the high sensitivity of seeds to damage caused by diseases or environmental stresses, germination is considered an important stage in the plant life cycle: Germination, its uniformity and emergence decline during storage due to seed vigor deterioration. Moisture stress is one of the important environmental factors affecting germination, especially during improper storage. Seed priming with gibberellic acid improves seedling characteristics in different plants under different environmental conditions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid and seed deterioration on germination indices and antioxidant enzymes of safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress conditions.
Introduction: Due to the high sensitivity of seeds to damage caused by diseases or environmental stresses, germination is considered an important stage in the plant life cycle: Germination, its uniformity and emergence decline during storage due to seed vigor deterioration. Moisture stress is one of the important environmental factors affecting germination, especially during improper storage. Seed priming with gibberellic acid improves seedling characteristics in different plants under different environmental conditions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid and seed deterioration on germination indices and antioxidant enzymes of safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress conditions.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid on germination indicators and changes in antioxidant enzymes of aged safflower seeds under osmotic stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor includes three osmotic stress levels: zero (control), -0.4, and -0.8 MPa, the second factor includes nine aging levels (zero, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 days of aging). at a temperature of 41 degrees Celsius) and the third factor included seed priming treatment at three control levels (non-priming), zero (hydro-priming), and priming with 50 mg/l gibberellic acid. A 3-parametric sigmoid model was used to show the changes in germination indices at different levels of seed deterioration.
Results: The effect of osmotic stress, seed deterioration, and seed priming on the measured indices such as germination percentage, germination rate, seedling dry weight, normal seedling percentage, seedling length, seed germ, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as seed protein were significant so that the measured indicators decreased with increasing seed deterioration and moisture stress. The results showed that the highest measured germination indices were obtained from seed treatment with 50 mg/l gibberellic acid under normal osmosis and non-deterioration conditions. Also, seed priming with gibberellic acid treatment caused an increase in catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and protein activity compared to non-primed seeds under deterioration and non-deterioration conditions.
Conclusion: Results showed that the most suitable prime level used was gibberellic acid 50 mg/l, which had acceptable results under both stress conditions and normal conditions and deterioration and non-deterioration in comparison with other treatments. Therefore, the use of gibberellic acid hormone can help to improve germination indices as a result of changes in biochemical activities.
Highlights:
1. The effect of accelerated aging and priming on safflower seed germination under moisture stress conditions was investigated.
2.The effect of priming on catalase and peroxidase activity of aged safflower seeds was investigated.
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Seed Science and Technology, Seed Physiology, Seed Ecology, Modeling, Seed Health, Germination Characteristics, Seed Dormancy, Seed Ageing, Seed Storage, Seed PrimingVote
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