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Mohsen Malek, Farshid Hassani, Enayat Rezvani Khorshidi, Ali Shayanfar, Bita Oskoee, Abbas Dehshiri,
Volume 9, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Galbanum is one of the most important native medicinal plants in Iran, and nowadays the use of its products and derivatives has become widespread in various industries. Thus, the excessive harvest of this species within its natural habitats has increased. Therefore, the species is enlisted as prone to extinction. Due to the lack of information about germination behavior and dormancy alleviating or breaking methods of Galbanum seeds, less attention has been paid to this plant species by seed science researchers. Hence, this study was designed and performed to investigate the effects of different treatments on Galbanum seed dormancy-breaking.
Materials and Methods: In this study, two Galbanum seed populations were collected from Boyer-Ahmad pastures (Iran, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province) and Pakan Bazr Isfahan Company (Iran). Seeds were exposed to a cold stratification test for 120 days and germinability and dormancy breaking responses were studied. Also, seed drying effects on germinability after exposure to stratification treatment were investigated to evaluate the practical aspects of this treatment. The impacts of different hormonal pre-treatments including gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokines (Kinetin, 6-Benzylaminopurine) at different concentrations on germination and dormancy behaviors were investigated so as to assess the effect of these treatments on seed dormancy breaking.
Results: Results showed that germination/dormancy behaviors of Galbanum populations were different and also the effect of different treatments on seeds germination and dormancy varied. An increase in germination was observed when stratification was applied for up to 60 days on two seed populations, thereafter germination decreased by prolonged stratification. Also, it was revealed that desiccation of the treated seeds after stratification reduced seed germination. Examining the cause of this issue revealed that the most important reason for the decrease in seed germination in long periods of stratification was the germination of seeds in the stratification bed and in other words, the difference in seed dormancy levels in different stratification periods. Seed germination behavior and dormancy breaking were improved significantly in both Galbanum populations when the different concentration of gibberellic acid and cytokinins was used.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the existence of different levels of seed dormancy in different Galbanum populations. It was also found that cold stratification and hormonal pre-treatment of seeds can be significantly effective in seed dormancy breaking. Eventually, it was concluded that Galbanum seed dormancy was classified as semi-deep and deep morphological dormancy due to the effects of different treatments.
Highlights:
Introduction: Galbanum is one of the most important native medicinal plants in Iran, and nowadays the use of its products and derivatives has become widespread in various industries. Thus, the excessive harvest of this species within its natural habitats has increased. Therefore, the species is enlisted as prone to extinction. Due to the lack of information about germination behavior and dormancy alleviating or breaking methods of Galbanum seeds, less attention has been paid to this plant species by seed science researchers. Hence, this study was designed and performed to investigate the effects of different treatments on Galbanum seed dormancy-breaking.
Materials and Methods: In this study, two Galbanum seed populations were collected from Boyer-Ahmad pastures (Iran, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province) and Pakan Bazr Isfahan Company (Iran). Seeds were exposed to a cold stratification test for 120 days and germinability and dormancy breaking responses were studied. Also, seed drying effects on germinability after exposure to stratification treatment were investigated to evaluate the practical aspects of this treatment. The impacts of different hormonal pre-treatments including gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokines (Kinetin, 6-Benzylaminopurine) at different concentrations on germination and dormancy behaviors were investigated so as to assess the effect of these treatments on seed dormancy breaking.
Results: Results showed that germination/dormancy behaviors of Galbanum populations were different and also the effect of different treatments on seeds germination and dormancy varied. An increase in germination was observed when stratification was applied for up to 60 days on two seed populations, thereafter germination decreased by prolonged stratification. Also, it was revealed that desiccation of the treated seeds after stratification reduced seed germination. Examining the cause of this issue revealed that the most important reason for the decrease in seed germination in long periods of stratification was the germination of seeds in the stratification bed and in other words, the difference in seed dormancy levels in different stratification periods. Seed germination behavior and dormancy breaking were improved significantly in both Galbanum populations when the different concentration of gibberellic acid and cytokinins was used.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the existence of different levels of seed dormancy in different Galbanum populations. It was also found that cold stratification and hormonal pre-treatment of seeds can be significantly effective in seed dormancy breaking. Eventually, it was concluded that Galbanum seed dormancy was classified as semi-deep and deep morphological dormancy due to the effects of different treatments.
Highlights:
- The effect of cold stratification treatments over long periods was investigated on Galbanum seed germination behaviors for the first time.
- The desiccation of treated seeds under different cold stratification periods was studied on the germinability of Galbanum seeds for the first time.
- AUC (Area under the curve) index was introduced as a practical index in seed dormancy breaking comparison for the first time in domestic research.
Aidin Hamidi, Bita Oskuoei, Ali Shayanfar,
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2025)
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2025)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Salicornia is a halophyte plant which cultivation is important for reclamation of saline soils and producing fodder. Seed germination has always been of interest to plant ecologists due to its key role in plant population establishment. Also, due to the importance of this process in seed certification, this phenomenon is of interest to control and seed certification experts. Temperature, access to sufficient humidity, and the presence of light in light-sensitive species for seed germination are considered to be the most important natural factors for seed germination. Additionally, the time required for germination and sufficient early seedling growth are important to determine the potential seed germination. Therefore, determining the temperature, the need or lack of light, as well as the time required for germination and the suitable substrate for planting seeds, are of great importance in the process of seed certification laboratory tests. This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimal conditions of temperature, light, duration, and substrate for seed germination of three Salicornia species.
Materials and Methods: A preliminary study was conducted to determine the light requirements, duration, and suitable substrate for the standard germination test of Salicornia persica, S. persepolitana, and S. bigelovi, seeds. Since no difference was observed in the percentage of seedlings emerging in light and darkness (seeds of the studied Salicornia species germinated under light and dark conditions) and maximum seed germination was achieved within 7 and 12 days in the substrate between germination paper (BP) and top of paper (TP), at constant temperatures of 20°C and 25 °C and alternating temperatures of 20-25 °C (8-16 hours/day-night), the main experiment was carried out under these conditions.
Results: The results showed that the seeds of S. bigelovi species had the highest percentage of normal seedlings at 25 °C constant temperature for 7 days in the top-of-paper (TP) substrate. Also, the seeds of S. persica had the highest percentage of normal seedlings at 20-25 °C alternating temperature for 7 days in the top-of-paper (TP) substrate. S. persepolitana seeds at 25 °C constant temperature for 7 days on the top of paper (TP) substrate had the highest percentage of normal seedlings. S. persica, S. bigelovi, and S. persepolitana seeds had a higher percentage of normal seedlings in both germination durations and temperatures, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of the research showed that the seeds of the studied Salicornia species did not require light for germination. Also, the studied Salicornia species in the research had significant differences in terms of temperature, duration, and optimal substrate for the standard germination test. So that the optimal temperature for germination of S. persica seeds was alternative temperature and the optimal temperature for germination of S. bigelovii and S. perspolitana seeds were constant temperature. The constant temperature for germination of S. bigelovii species seeds was higher than the constant temperature for germination of S. perspolitana seeds. Also, the top of paper (TP) substrate was suitable for the standard germination test of all three species.
Highlights:
Introduction: Salicornia is a halophyte plant which cultivation is important for reclamation of saline soils and producing fodder. Seed germination has always been of interest to plant ecologists due to its key role in plant population establishment. Also, due to the importance of this process in seed certification, this phenomenon is of interest to control and seed certification experts. Temperature, access to sufficient humidity, and the presence of light in light-sensitive species for seed germination are considered to be the most important natural factors for seed germination. Additionally, the time required for germination and sufficient early seedling growth are important to determine the potential seed germination. Therefore, determining the temperature, the need or lack of light, as well as the time required for germination and the suitable substrate for planting seeds, are of great importance in the process of seed certification laboratory tests. This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimal conditions of temperature, light, duration, and substrate for seed germination of three Salicornia species.
Materials and Methods: A preliminary study was conducted to determine the light requirements, duration, and suitable substrate for the standard germination test of Salicornia persica, S. persepolitana, and S. bigelovi, seeds. Since no difference was observed in the percentage of seedlings emerging in light and darkness (seeds of the studied Salicornia species germinated under light and dark conditions) and maximum seed germination was achieved within 7 and 12 days in the substrate between germination paper (BP) and top of paper (TP), at constant temperatures of 20°C and 25 °C and alternating temperatures of 20-25 °C (8-16 hours/day-night), the main experiment was carried out under these conditions.
Results: The results showed that the seeds of S. bigelovi species had the highest percentage of normal seedlings at 25 °C constant temperature for 7 days in the top-of-paper (TP) substrate. Also, the seeds of S. persica had the highest percentage of normal seedlings at 20-25 °C alternating temperature for 7 days in the top-of-paper (TP) substrate. S. persepolitana seeds at 25 °C constant temperature for 7 days on the top of paper (TP) substrate had the highest percentage of normal seedlings. S. persica, S. bigelovi, and S. persepolitana seeds had a higher percentage of normal seedlings in both germination durations and temperatures, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of the research showed that the seeds of the studied Salicornia species did not require light for germination. Also, the studied Salicornia species in the research had significant differences in terms of temperature, duration, and optimal substrate for the standard germination test. So that the optimal temperature for germination of S. persica seeds was alternative temperature and the optimal temperature for germination of S. bigelovii and S. perspolitana seeds were constant temperature. The constant temperature for germination of S. bigelovii species seeds was higher than the constant temperature for germination of S. perspolitana seeds. Also, the top of paper (TP) substrate was suitable for the standard germination test of all three species.
Highlights:
- Light was not necessary for the studied Salicornia species seeds' germination.
- The germination response of the seeds of the studied Salicornia species to the optimum germination temperature and duration varied.
- The studied Salicornia species did not differ significantly in terms of suitable growing medium for seed germination.
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