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Reza Imam Dost , Davar Molazem, Reza Taghizadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2025)
Volume 11, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2025)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as one of the world's most important cereals, serves as a staple food for more than one-third of the global population. This strategic crop plays a key role in the economies of many countries. Seed priming is a biotechnological tool and a simple, practical, effective, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient approach to enhancing a plant's tolerance to various environmental stresses and improving seed germination. This study was designed and conducted to investigate the germination and physiological responses of two rice cultivars under varying intensities and durations of electromagnetic field exposures.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with the factors of electromagnetic field intensity at 4 levels, time at 3 levels, and two cultivars (Tarom and Hashemi) in three replications was conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch in 2023. Rice seeds were treated in a plastic bag under magnetic fields with intensities (0, 50, 100, and 150 mT) and times (10, 50, and 100 minutes). A plastic tray was used for the second experiment and seedling establishment. Healthy seedlings were transferred to plastic pots containing sand. After 25 days, the desired traits were measured.
Results: The analysis of variance results indicated that the effects of the magnetic field, time, cultivar, and their interactions were significant for most traits. The electromagnetic field at 100 mT for 50 minutes led to an increase in germination percentage compared with the control. In contrast, the treatment of 150 mT for 100 minutes caused a significant reduction in all germination-related traits. The highest values were observed under the 100 mT for 50-minute treatment, including germination percentage (98.8%), germination rate (12.5 seeds per day), radicle length (68.1 mm), plumule length (47.5 mm), seedling length (116 mm), radicle dry weight (0.715 mg), plumule dry weight (2.02 mg), seedling dry weight (2.74 mg), seedling length vigor index (11422), seedling weight vigor index (271), chlorophyll-a (0.846 mg g-1 FW), chlorophyll-b (0.96 mg g-1 FW), and carotenoids (0.44 mg g-1 FW).
Conclusion: The electromagnetic field had a significant effect on germination-related traits and physiological characteristics, including germination percentage, germination rate, and chlorophyll content, leading to an increase in these indices. In the present study, the 100 mT treatment for 50 minutes improved seedling vigor in terms of both length and weight. Based on these findings, magnetopriming within the studied treatment range enhances germination and improves rice plant establishment by increasing chlorophyll levels.
Highlights:
Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as one of the world's most important cereals, serves as a staple food for more than one-third of the global population. This strategic crop plays a key role in the economies of many countries. Seed priming is a biotechnological tool and a simple, practical, effective, eco-friendly, and cost-efficient approach to enhancing a plant's tolerance to various environmental stresses and improving seed germination. This study was designed and conducted to investigate the germination and physiological responses of two rice cultivars under varying intensities and durations of electromagnetic field exposures.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with the factors of electromagnetic field intensity at 4 levels, time at 3 levels, and two cultivars (Tarom and Hashemi) in three replications was conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch in 2023. Rice seeds were treated in a plastic bag under magnetic fields with intensities (0, 50, 100, and 150 mT) and times (10, 50, and 100 minutes). A plastic tray was used for the second experiment and seedling establishment. Healthy seedlings were transferred to plastic pots containing sand. After 25 days, the desired traits were measured.
Results: The analysis of variance results indicated that the effects of the magnetic field, time, cultivar, and their interactions were significant for most traits. The electromagnetic field at 100 mT for 50 minutes led to an increase in germination percentage compared with the control. In contrast, the treatment of 150 mT for 100 minutes caused a significant reduction in all germination-related traits. The highest values were observed under the 100 mT for 50-minute treatment, including germination percentage (98.8%), germination rate (12.5 seeds per day), radicle length (68.1 mm), plumule length (47.5 mm), seedling length (116 mm), radicle dry weight (0.715 mg), plumule dry weight (2.02 mg), seedling dry weight (2.74 mg), seedling length vigor index (11422), seedling weight vigor index (271), chlorophyll-a (0.846 mg g-1 FW), chlorophyll-b (0.96 mg g-1 FW), and carotenoids (0.44 mg g-1 FW).
Conclusion: The electromagnetic field had a significant effect on germination-related traits and physiological characteristics, including germination percentage, germination rate, and chlorophyll content, leading to an increase in these indices. In the present study, the 100 mT treatment for 50 minutes improved seedling vigor in terms of both length and weight. Based on these findings, magnetopriming within the studied treatment range enhances germination and improves rice plant establishment by increasing chlorophyll levels.
Highlights:
- The effect of the magnetic field on the germination and physiological characteristics of rice seeds was investigated.
- Seed priming at 100 mT for 50 minutes increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Davar Molazem,
Volume 12, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2026)
Volume 12, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2026)
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of electromagnetic priming in improving drought tolerance of Hashemi rice (Oryza sativa L.) during germination and early seedling growth.
Method: A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2024 at the Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch. Rice seeds were exposed to magnetic fields (0, 50, 100, and 150 mT) for 20 or 40 minutes and then subjected to four PEG-induced drought levels (0, -2, -5, and -10 bar). Germination indecies and physiological traits including proline, MDA, and chlorophyll were measured after 25 days.
Results: The mean comparison of interaction effects showed that in the absence of an electromagnetic field (0 mT), increasing drought stress from 0 to −10 bar significantly decreased germination percentage from 97% to 66.53%, germination rate from 0.43 to 0.19 seeds day⁻¹, radicle length from 65.80 to 28.66, and plumule length from 45.33 to 17.33 mm. However, application of a 100 mT magnetic field considerably limited these reductions to approximately 24% and 49% for germination percentage and seedling length, respectively, indicating an improvement of more than 20% in maintaining germination capacity. With increasing drought stress, proline content significantly rose from 1.01 to 8.34 µmol g⁻¹ FW, and MDA increased from 4.40 to 8.00 mmol g⁻¹ FW, while chlorophyll a decreased from 0.64 to 0.17 and chlorophyll b from 0.75 to 0.32 mg g⁻¹ FW. In the control (0 mT), chlorophyll a exhibited a 72% reduction, whereas at 100 mT this reduction was limited to 56.8%, reflecting approximately 15% improvement. Regression analysis revealed that the effect of magnetic field intensity on the measured traits depended strongly on the drought stress level and did not follow a consistent pattern; under severe stress (−10 bar), no significant linear relationship was detected.
Conclusions: The application of magneto-priming within the optimal range may serve as a simple, eco-friendly, and practical approach to enhance drought tolerance in rice seeds and improve early seedling establishment under unfavorable environmental conditions. In the present study, the treatment with 100 mT for 40 minutes resulted in improved seedling vigor indices for both length and weight. These findings offer new perspectives for the application of physical technologies in agricultural stress management and provide a basis for further field-based studies.
Highlights
Method: A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2024 at the Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch. Rice seeds were exposed to magnetic fields (0, 50, 100, and 150 mT) for 20 or 40 minutes and then subjected to four PEG-induced drought levels (0, -2, -5, and -10 bar). Germination indecies and physiological traits including proline, MDA, and chlorophyll were measured after 25 days.
Results: The mean comparison of interaction effects showed that in the absence of an electromagnetic field (0 mT), increasing drought stress from 0 to −10 bar significantly decreased germination percentage from 97% to 66.53%, germination rate from 0.43 to 0.19 seeds day⁻¹, radicle length from 65.80 to 28.66, and plumule length from 45.33 to 17.33 mm. However, application of a 100 mT magnetic field considerably limited these reductions to approximately 24% and 49% for germination percentage and seedling length, respectively, indicating an improvement of more than 20% in maintaining germination capacity. With increasing drought stress, proline content significantly rose from 1.01 to 8.34 µmol g⁻¹ FW, and MDA increased from 4.40 to 8.00 mmol g⁻¹ FW, while chlorophyll a decreased from 0.64 to 0.17 and chlorophyll b from 0.75 to 0.32 mg g⁻¹ FW. In the control (0 mT), chlorophyll a exhibited a 72% reduction, whereas at 100 mT this reduction was limited to 56.8%, reflecting approximately 15% improvement. Regression analysis revealed that the effect of magnetic field intensity on the measured traits depended strongly on the drought stress level and did not follow a consistent pattern; under severe stress (−10 bar), no significant linear relationship was detected.
Conclusions: The application of magneto-priming within the optimal range may serve as a simple, eco-friendly, and practical approach to enhance drought tolerance in rice seeds and improve early seedling establishment under unfavorable environmental conditions. In the present study, the treatment with 100 mT for 40 minutes resulted in improved seedling vigor indices for both length and weight. These findings offer new perspectives for the application of physical technologies in agricultural stress management and provide a basis for further field-based studies.
Highlights
- Germination responses to magnetic fields are nonlinear and depend on field intensity and drought stress level.
- Electromagnetic priming at 100 mT for 40 minutes mitigates drought stress effects by up to 20% in germination traits.
- Magneto-priming offers a simple, eco-friendly strategy for improving rice seedling establishment under drought conditions.
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Seed Science and Technology, Seed Physiology, Seed Ecology, Modeling, Seed Health, Germination Characteristics, Seed Dormancy, Seed Ageing, Seed Storage, Seed PrimingVote
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